Must-know words for polyglots.
Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
In progress.
Remember: you don't have to memorise them all in a single time.
If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
To know a relatively clear categorization of linguistics, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics
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Linguistics and its best-known branches. Some are interdisciplinary.
Semiotics is not a part of linguistics, but it is closely related to linguistics.
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Language and its similar words in definition.
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There are many words in this section. If you know them all, you can understand what those words in International Phonetic Alphabet mean.
*sonorant also includes the vowel.
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Some confusing similar words with “word”.
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An affix is usually a morpheme, which is just mentioned above.
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parse tree
constituency-based parse tree
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dependency-based parse tree
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If you understand parse trees, you can draw and learn sentence structures quickly.
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Two important concepts.
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part of speech
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PoS.
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phrase
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clause
argument clause
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adjuctive clause
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predicative clause
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sentence
simple sentence
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compound sentence
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complex sentence
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compound–complex sentence
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declaritive sentence
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interrogative sentence
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exclamatory sentence
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imperative sentence
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instructive sentence
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major sentence
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minor sentence
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Notice the differences between “phrase”, “clause”, “sentence”.
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punctuation
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Punctuation. People often neglect it.
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grammatical category
person
first person
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second person
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third person
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gender
masculine
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feminine
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neuter
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“Grammatical category”, you may haven't heard about it, but you know it.
An “aspect” may also be considered as a “tense”.
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linguistic typology
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Languages can be differentiated by its structure.
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grammar
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hyponym & hypernym
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idiom
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linguistic relativity
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Rosetta Stone
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It tells us the value of parallel text.
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-- AUTHOR --
GrimPixel