Difference between revisions of "Language/Romanian/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions"

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◀️ Describing Relationships — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Basic Conjunctions ▶️

Romanian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Prepositions

Welcome to the lesson on Basic Prepositions in Romanian! Prepositions are essential for forming meaningful sentences and establishing relationships between different elements in a sentence. Understanding prepositions will help you describe locations, directions, and relationships with clarity in Romanian.

In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions used in the Romanian language. We will cover in, on, under, and between, providing examples and exercises to help solidify your understanding.

The structure of our lesson will be as follows:

Introduction to Basic Prepositions

List of Common Basic Prepositions

Detailed Examples

Practice Exercises

Solutions and Explanations

Introduction to Basic Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They often indicate relationships in terms of time, place, and direction. In Romanian, prepositions are crucial for conveying meaning and ensuring that communication is clear and effective.

For instance, when you want to say where something is located, you will need to use prepositions. In English, we say, "The book is on the table." In Romanian, this would be "Cartea este pe masă." Here, "pe" is the preposition that connects "cartea" (the book) to "masă" (the table).

Now that we've established the importance of prepositions, let’s dive deeper into some of the basic ones you will encounter frequently in everyday conversations.

List of Common Basic Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here’s a list of the basic prepositions we will cover in this lesson:

în (in)

pe (on)

sub (under)

între (between)

Detailed Examples[edit | edit source]

Let's explore each preposition with clear examples to illustrate their usage in Romanian.

Preposition: în (in)[edit | edit source]

The preposition în is used to indicate that something is inside or within a certain space.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Cartea este în rucsac.	ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ɨn ˈruk.sak	The book is in the backpack.
Pisica este în casă.	piˈsi.ka ˈjes.te ɨn ˈka.sə	The cat is in the house.
Cumpăr pâine în supermarket.	ˈkum.pər ˈpɨ.ne ɨn su.perˈmar.ket	I buy bread in the supermarket.
Copiii joacă în parc.	koˈpi.i ˈʒo.a.kə ɨn ˈpark	The children are playing in the park.
Apa este în frigider.	ˈa.pa ˈjes.te ɨn fri.ʒiˈder	The water is in the fridge.

Preposition: pe (on)[edit | edit source]

The preposition pe indicates that something is on top of or in contact with a surface.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Cartea este pe birou.	ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te pe biˈrou	The book is on the desk.
Câinele stă pe iarbă.	ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə pe ˈjar.bə	The dog is lying on the grass.
Mărul este pe masă.	ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te pe ˈma.sə	The apple is on the table.
Ceaiul este pe raft.	ˈtʃai.ul ˈjes.te pe raft	The tea is on the shelf.
Laptopul este pe podea.	ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te pe poˈde.a	The laptop is on the floor.

Preposition: sub (under)[edit | edit source]

The preposition sub is used to describe something that is below or beneath another object.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Pisica se ascunde sub masă.	piˈsi.ka se asˈkun.de sub ˈma.sə	The cat is hiding under the table.
Câinele doarme sub pat.	ˈkɨ.i.ne.le ˈdoar.me sub pat	The dog sleeps under the bed.
Jucăria este sub canapea.	ʒu.kəˈri.a ˈjes.te sub ka.naˈpe.a	The toy is under the couch.
Mingeala este sub apă.	minˈʒe.a.lə ˈjes.te sub ˈa.pə	The ball is under the water.
Laptopul este sub birou.	ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te sub biˈrou	The laptop is under the desk.

Preposition: între (between)[edit | edit source]

The preposition între indicates a position that is in the middle of two or more objects.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Cartea este între cele două scaune.	ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.scau.ne	The book is between the two chairs.
Câinele stă între copaci.	ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə ˈɨn.tre koˈpa.tʃi	The dog is standing between the trees.
Mărul este între cele două mese.	ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.e ˈme.se	The apple is between the two tables.
Mașina este între blocuri.	maˈʃi.na ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈblok.uri	The car is between the buildings.
Cărțile sunt între rafturi.	ˈkɨr.t͡si.le sun ˈɨn.tre ˈraf.turi	The books are between the shelves.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned the basic prepositions and seen examples of their usage, it’s time to practice! Here are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences below with the correct preposition (în, pe, sub, între).

1. Cartea este ______ rucsac.

2. Câinele doarme ______ pat.

3. Mărul este ______ masă.

4. Pisica se ascunde ______ masă.

5. Ceaiul este ______ raft.

Exercise 2: Translate the sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Romanian, using the correct prepositions.

1. The book is in the backpack.

2. The dog is on the grass.

3. The toy is under the couch.

4. The apple is between the two tables.

5. The laptop is on the desk.

Exercise 3: Choose the correct preposition[edit | edit source]

Select the correct preposition to complete the sentences below.

1. Câinele stă ______ copaci. (între/sub)

2. Cartea este ______ frigider. (în/sub)

3. Mărul este ______ masă. (între/pe)

4. Laptopul este ______ birou. (pe/sub)

5. Copiii joacă ______ parc. (în/sub)

Exercise 4: Match the sentences[edit | edit source]

Match the Romanian sentences with their English translations.

1. Cartea este pe birou.

2. Pisica este în casă.

3. Câinele doarme sub pat.

4. Mărul este între cele două mese.

5. Apa este în frigider.

a. The cat is in the house.

b. The book is on the desk.

c. The apple is between the two tables.

d. The water is in the fridge.

e. The dog sleeps under the bed.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now let’s go through the solutions for each exercise to ensure you understand the material.

Solutions for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Cartea este în rucsac.

2. Câinele doarme sub pat.

3. Mărul este pe masă.

4. Pisica se ascunde sub masă.

5. Ceaiul este pe raft.

Solutions for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Cartea este în rucsac.

2. Câinele este pe iarbă.

3. Jucăria este sub canapea.

4. Mărul este între cele două mese.

5. Laptopul este pe birou.

Solutions for Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. Câinele stă între copaci.

2. Cartea este în frigider.

3. Mărul este pe masă.

4. Laptopul este pe birou.

5. Copiii joacă în parc.

Solutions for Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1 - b. The book is on the desk.

2 - a. The cat is in the house.

3 - e. The dog sleeps under the bed.

4 - c. The apple is between the two tables.

5 - d. The water is in the fridge.

Congratulations! You’ve made significant progress in understanding basic prepositions in Romanian. Remember to practice using these prepositions in your conversations, as they will help you express where things are located and how they relate to each other. Keep up the great work, and don't hesitate to review this lesson whenever you need!

Table of Contents - Romanian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verbs

Numbers and Time

Adjectives and Adverbs

Family and Friends

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Food and Drinks

Questions and Negations

Locations and Directions

Plurals and Articles

Hobbies and Activities

Romanian Culture and Traditions

Imperatives and Requests

Travel and Transportation

Romanian Geography and History

Videos[edit | edit source]

Basic Romanian Grammar Lesson 9: Morphology - The Preposition ...[edit | edit source]

Basic Romanian Grammar Lesson 1: Syntax - Building Sentences ...[edit | edit source]

Basic Romanian Grammar Lesson 6: Morphology - The Pronoun (1 ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Describing Relationships — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Basic Conjunctions ▶️

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 {{Romanian-Page-Top}}
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Romanian|Romanian]]  → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Basic Prepositions</div>
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Romanian|Romanian]]  → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Prepositions</div>
+Welcome to the lesson on '''Basic Prepositions''' in Romanian! Prepositions are essential for forming meaningful sentences and establishing relationships between different elements in a sentence. Understanding prepositions will help you describe locations, directions, and relationships with clarity in Romanian.
+In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions used in the Romanian language. We will cover '''in''', '''on''', '''under''', and '''between''', providing examples and exercises to help solidify your understanding.
+The structure of our lesson will be as follows:
+* Introduction to Basic Prepositions
+* List of Common Basic Prepositions
+* Detailed Examples
+* Practice Exercises
+* Solutions and Explanations
 __TOC__
-== Introduction ==
+=== Introduction to Basic Prepositions ===
+Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They often indicate relationships in terms of time, place, and direction. In Romanian, prepositions are crucial for conveying meaning and ensuring that communication is clear and effective.
+For instance, when you want to say where something is located, you will need to use prepositions. In English, we say, "The book is on the table." In Romanian, this would be "Cartea este pe masă." Here, "pe" is the preposition that connects "cartea" (the book) to "masă" (the table).
+Now that we've established the importance of prepositions, let’s dive deeper into some of the basic ones you will encounter frequently in everyday conversations.
+=== List of Common Basic Prepositions ===
+Here’s a list of the basic prepositions we will cover in this lesson:
+* '''în''' (in)
-Welcome to the lesson on Basic Prepositions in Romanian! In this lesson, we will explore the fundamental prepositions that are commonly used in the Romanian language. Prepositions are essential in constructing meaningful sentences, as they indicate the relationship between different elements of a sentence. By understanding and using prepositions correctly, you will be able to express location, time, and direction in Romanian with ease.
+* '''pe''' (on)
-This lesson is part of our "Complete 0 to A1 Romanian Course" and is designed for complete beginners who are looking to build a strong foundation in the Romanian language. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the basic prepositions in Romanian and how to use them in various contexts.
+* '''sub''' (under)
-Let's dive into the fascinating world of prepositions and discover how they contribute to the beauty and expressiveness of the Romanian language!
+* '''între''' (between)
-== Basic Prepositions ==
+=== Detailed Examples ===
-In Romanian, prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a sentence. They indicate various relationships such as location, direction, time, means, and manner. In this section, we will explore the most commonly used basic prepositions in Romanian. Let's take a closer look at each of them and understand their usage through examples.
+Let's explore each preposition with clear examples to illustrate their usage in Romanian.
-=== În (In) ===
+==== Preposition: în (in) ====
-The preposition "în" is used to express location, both in a physical and metaphorical sense. It is equivalent to the English preposition "in". Here are some examples:
+The preposition '''în''' is used to indicate that something is inside or within a certain space.
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| În casă || een kah-suh || In the house
+| Cartea este în rucsac. || ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ɨn ˈruk.sak || The book is in the backpack.
 |-
-| În oraș || een oh-rahsh || In the city
+| Pisica este în casă. || piˈsi.ka ˈjes.te ɨn ˈka.sə || The cat is in the house.
 |-
-| În România || een roh-muh-nyah || In Romania
+| Cumpăr pâine în supermarket. || ˈkum.pər ˈpɨ.ne ɨn su.perˈmar.ket || I buy bread in the supermarket.
 |-
-| În iulie || een yoo-lee-eh || In July
+| Copiii joacă în parc. || koˈpi.i ˈʒo.a.kə ɨn ˈpark || The children are playing in the park.
+|-
+| Apa este în frigider. || ˈa.pa ˈjes.te ɨn fri.ʒiˈder || The water is in the fridge.
 |}
-=== Pe (On) ===
+==== Preposition: pe (on) ====
-The preposition "pe" is used to express location on a surface or a specific point. It is equivalent to the English preposition "on". Let's see some examples:
+The preposition '''pe''' indicates that something is on top of or in contact with a surface.
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Cartea este pe birou. || ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te pe biˈrou || The book is on the desk.
 |-
-| Pe masă || peh mah-suh || On the table
+| Câinele stă pe iarbă. || ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə pe ˈjar.bə || The dog is lying on the grass.
 |-
-| Pe stradă || peh strah-duh || On the street
+| Mărul este pe masă. || ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te pe ˈma.sə || The apple is on the table.
 |-
-| Pe hartă || peh har-tuh || On the map
+| Ceaiul este pe raft. || ˈtʃai.ul ˈjes.te pe raft || The tea is on the shelf.
 |-
-| Pe umeri || peh oo-meh-ree || On the shoulders
+| Laptopul este pe podea. || ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te pe poˈde.a || The laptop is on the floor.
 |}
-=== Sub (Under) ===
+==== Preposition: sub (under) ====
-The preposition "sub" is used to express location below or under something. It is equivalent to the English preposition "under". Here are a few examples:
+The preposition '''sub''' is used to describe something that is below or beneath another object.
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| Sub masă || soob mah-suh || Under the table
+| Pisica se ascunde sub masă. || piˈsi.ka se asˈkun.de sub ˈma.sə || The cat is hiding under the table.
 |-
-| Sub apă || soob ah-puh || Underwater
+| Câinele doarme sub pat. || ˈkɨ.i.ne.le ˈdoar.me sub pat || The dog sleeps under the bed.
 |-
-| Sub geam || soob jeh-ahm || Under the window
+| Jucăria este sub canapea. || ʒu.kəˈri.a ˈjes.te sub ka.naˈpe.a || The toy is under the couch.
+|-
+| Mingeala este sub apă. || minˈʒe.a.lə ˈjes.te sub ˈa.pə || The ball is under the water.
 |-
-| Sub umbrelă || soob oom-breh-luh || Under the umbrella
+| Laptopul este sub birou. || ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te sub biˈrou || The laptop is under the desk.
 |}
-=== Peste (Over, Across) ===
+==== Preposition: între (between) ====
-The preposition "peste" is used to express movement over or across something. It is equivalent to the English prepositions "over" or "across". Let's explore some examples:
+The preposition '''între''' indicates a position that is in the middle of two or more objects.
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| Peste râu || pes-teh ruh || Over the river
+| Cartea este între cele două scaune. || ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.scau.ne || The book is between the two chairs.
 |-
-| Peste pod || pes-teh pod || Across the bridge
+| Câinele stă între copaci. || ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə ˈɨn.tre koˈpa.tʃi || The dog is standing between the trees.
+|-
+| Mărul este între cele două mese. || ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.e ˈme.se || The apple is between the two tables.
 |-
-| Peste munte || pes-teh moon-teh || Over the mountain
+| Mașina este între blocuri. || maˈʃi.na ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈblok.uri || The car is between the buildings.
 |-
-| Peste ocean || pes-teh oh-shahn || Across the ocean
+| Cărțile sunt între rafturi. || ˈkɨr.t͡si.le sun ˈɨn.tre ˈraf.turi || The books are between the shelves.
 |}
-=== Între (Between) ===
+=== Practice Exercises ===
+Now that you have learned the basic prepositions and seen examples of their usage, it’s time to practice! Here are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding.
+==== Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks ====
+Complete the sentences below with the correct preposition (în, pe, sub, între).
+. Cartea este ______ rucsac.
+. Câinele doarme ______ pat.
+. Mărul este ______ masă.
+. Pisica se ascunde ______ masă.
+. Ceaiul este ______ raft.
+==== Exercise 2: Translate the sentences ====
+Translate the following sentences from English to Romanian, using the correct prepositions.
+. The book is in the backpack.
+. The dog is on the grass.
+. The toy is under the couch.
+. The apple is between the two tables.
+. The laptop is on the desk.
+==== Exercise 3: Choose the correct preposition ====
+Select the correct preposition to complete the sentences below.
+. Câinele stă ______ copaci. (între/sub)
+. Cartea este ______ frigider. (în/sub)
+. Mărul este ______ masă. (între/pe)
+. Laptopul este ______ birou. (pe/sub)
+. Copiii joacă ______ parc. (în/sub)
+==== Exercise 4: Match the sentences ====
+Match the Romanian sentences with their English translations.
+. Cartea este pe birou.
+. Pisica este în casă.
+. Câinele doarme sub pat.
+. Mărul este între cele două mese.
+. Apa este în frigider.
+a. The cat is in the house.
+b. The book is on the desk.
+c. The apple is between the two tables.
+d. The water is in the fridge.
+e. The dog sleeps under the bed.
+=== Solutions and Explanations ===
+Now let’s go through the solutions for each exercise to ensure you understand the material.
+==== Solutions for Exercise 1 ====
+. Cartea este '''în''' rucsac.
+. Câinele doarme '''sub''' pat.
+. Mărul este '''pe''' masă.
+. Pisica se ascunde '''sub''' masă.
+. Ceaiul este '''pe''' raft.
-The preposition "între" is used to express a position between two or more objects or people. It is equivalent to the English preposition "between". Let's see some examples:
+==== Solutions for Exercise 2 ====
-{| class="wikitable"
+. Cartea este '''în''' rucsac.
-! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
-|-
-| Între frați || een-treh frahts || Between brothers
-|-
-| Între părinți || een-treh puh-reen-tsee || Between parents
-|-
-| Între case || een-treh kah-seh || Between houses
-|-
-| Între două orașe || een-treh doh-wah oh-rah-sheh || Between two cities
-|}
-These are just a few examples of the basic prepositions in Romanian. As you progress in your Romanian language learning journey, you will encounter more prepositions that add depth and precision to your communication.
+. Câinele este '''pe''' iarbă.
-== Cultural Insight: Regional Variations ==
+. Jucăria este '''sub''' canapea.
-Just like any other language, Romanian also has regional variations when it comes to the usage and understanding of prepositions. Different dialects and regional accents may influence the choice and usage of prepositions in certain areas of Romania.
+. Mărul este '''între''' cele două mese.
-For example, in the Moldova region of Romania, people tend to use the preposition "la" instead of "în" when referring to being at a specific location. So, instead of saying "în casă" (in the house), they would say "la casă". This variation is a result of the historical influences and linguistic peculiarities of the region.
+. Laptopul este '''pe''' birou.
-It's always interesting to explore these regional variations and understand the cultural and historical reasons behind them. It not only enriches your linguistic knowledge but also gives you insights into the diverse cultural landscape of Romania.
+==== Solutions for Exercise 3 ====
-== Practice Exercises ==
+. Câinele stă '''între''' copaci.
-Now, let's put your knowledge of basic prepositions into practice with some exercises. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct preposition from the options provided:
+. Cartea este '''în''' frigider.
-. Am pus florile __ masă.
+. Mărul este '''pe''' masă.
-   a) în
-   b) pe
-   c) sub
-   d) peste
-. Locuiesc __ București.
+. Laptopul este '''pe''' birou.
-   a) în
-   b) pe
-   c) sub
-   d) peste
-. Mergem __ munte în vacanță.
+. Copiii joacă '''în''' parc.
-   a) în
-   b) pe
-   c) sub
-   d) peste
-. Vom întâlni __ prieteni la restaurant.
+==== Solutions for Exercise 4 ====
-   a) în
-   b) pe
-   c) sub
-   d) peste
-. Copiii s-au ascuns __ pat.
+- b. The book is on the desk.
-   a) în
-   b) pe
-   c) sub
-   d) peste
-Solutions:
+- a. The cat is in the house.
-. b) pe
-. a) în
-. a) în
-. b) pe
-. c) sub
-== Conclusion ==
+- e. The dog sleeps under the bed.
-Congratulations on completing the lesson on Basic Prepositions in Romanian! You have learned some of the most commonly used prepositions and how to use them to express location and relationships in Romanian. Remember to practice using these prepositions in context to enhance your understanding and fluency.
+- c. The apple is between the two tables.
-Continue practicing and building upon your knowledge of prepositions as you progress through the "Complete 0 to A1 Romanian Course". In the next lesson, we will explore Basic Conjunctions in Romanian, which will further expand your ability to connect ideas and express relationships in sentences.
+- d. The water is in the fridge.
-Learning prepositions can be challenging, but with dedication and practice, you will become more confident in using them accurately. Keep up the great work, and soon you'll be navigating the world of Romanian with ease!
+Congratulations! You’ve made significant progress in understanding basic prepositions in Romanian. Remember to practice using these prepositions in your conversations, as they will help you express where things are located and how they relate to each other. Keep up the great work, and don't hesitate to review this lesson whenever you need!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Romanian Grammar → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Basic Prepositions
-|keywords=Romanian grammar, Romanian prepositions, basic prepositions in Romanian, Romanian language, learn Romanian
+|title=Learn Basic Prepositions in Romanian
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basic prepositions in Romanian such as in, on, under, and between. Explore the usage of these prepositions, cultural insights, and practice exercises.
+|keywords=Romanian prepositions, Romanian grammar, basic Romanian, Romanian language, learn Romanian, language learning
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basic prepositions in Romanian, including examples and practice exercises to help you master their use.
 }}
-{{Romanian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Romanian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7eIrbw0xbY</youtube>
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 * [http://mylanguages.org/romanian_prepositions.php Romanian Prepositions]
 * [http://learn101.org/romanian_grammar.php Romanian Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
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 * [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Genitive-Case-in-Romanian|Genitive Case in Romanian]]
 * [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]