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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Armenian Art and Architecture → Armenian Churches and Monasteries</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Armenian Churches and Monasteries</div>
 
In the vibrant tapestry of Armenian culture, churches and monasteries hold a special place, not only as places of worship but also as symbols of resilience, identity, and artistic expression. They reflect the rich history and spirituality of the Armenian people, and understanding them is essential for anyone looking to grasp the essence of Armenian culture.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the significance and history of renowned Armenian churches and monasteries, their architectural styles, and the stories they tell. We will also look at how these structures have shaped the Armenian identity and community over the centuries. This exploration will not only enrich your understanding of the Armenian language but also deepen your appreciation for its cultural heritage.


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Armenian Churches and Monasteries hold a significant place in Armenian culture and history. They are not only places of worship but also architectural marvels, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of Armenia. In this lesson, we will explore the history, significance, and unique features of some Armenian Churches and Monasteries.
=== The Historical Context of Armenian Churches ===
 
Armenia, recognized as the first nation to adopt Christianity as its state religion in 301 AD, is home to countless churches and monasteries that date back to ancient times. Their construction marks the beginning of a unique architectural style that combines local traditions with influences from neighboring cultures.
 
* '''Significance of Churches and Monasteries:'''
 
* Serve as centers of community life.
 
* Preserve the Armenian language and literature through ancient manuscripts.
 
* Represent architectural ingenuity and artistic expression in sculpture and frescoes.
 
=== Notable Armenian Churches and Monasteries ===
 
Let's delve into some of the most iconic Armenian churches and monasteries that are not only architectural masterpieces but also carry deep historical significance.
 
==== 1. Etchmiadzin Cathedral ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Էջմիածին || ʔɛʤmiɑˈt͡sʲin || Etchmiadzin
 
|-
 
| Կաթողիկե || kɑtʰoɡiˈkɛ || Cathedral
 
|-
 
| Աստված || ʔɑsˈtʰvɑts || God
 
|}
 
Etchmiadzin Cathedral, located in the city of Vagharshapat, is the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It was founded in the early 4th century by St. Gregory the Illuminator.
 
* '''Key Features:'''
 
* The oldest cathedral in the world.
 
* Houses important relics and manuscripts.
 
* A UNESCO World Heritage Site.
 
==== 2. Khor Virap ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Խոր Վիրապ || xɔɾ viˈɾɑp || Khor Virap
 
|-
 
| բանտ || bɑnt || prison
 
|-
 
| պատի || pɑˈti || wall
 
|}
 
Khor Virap, located near the border with Turkey, is famous for its historical significance and breathtaking views of Mount Ararat. It was here that St. Gregory the Illuminator was imprisoned before converting King Tiridates III to Christianity.
 
* '''Key Features:'''
 
* A pilgrimage site.
 
* Contains ancient churches and the remains of a fortress.
 
* Offers stunning views of Mount Ararat.
 
==== 3. Geghard Monastery ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Գեղարդ || ɡeˈɡɑɾd || Geghard
 
|-
 
| վանք || vɑŋk || monastery
 
|-
 
| քար || kʰɑɾ || stone
 
|}
 
Geghard Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is renowned for its rock-cut churches and beautiful scenery. The name Geghard means "spear," referring to the spear that pierced Christ's side.
 
* '''Key Features:'''
 
* Partially carved out of a mountain.
 
* Houses numerous ancient relics.
 
* Surrounded by stunning cliffs.
 
==== 4. Tatev Monastery ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Թաթև || tʰɑˈtʰɛv || Tatev
 
|-
 
| վանք || vɑŋk || monastery
 
|-
 
| երկնակամար || jɛrɡnɑˈkɑmɑɾ || sky
 
|}
 
Tatev Monastery, perched on a dramatic cliff overlooking the Vorotan Gorge, is famous for its breathtaking views and its historical significance as a center of scholarship.
 
* '''Key Features:'''
 
* Home to the world’s longest reversible aerial tramway.
 
* Important center for learning and culture.
 
* Offers incredible views of the surrounding landscape.
 
==== 5. Sanahin Monastery ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Սանահին || sɑˈnɑhin || Sanahin
 
|-
 
| վանք || vɑŋk || monastery
 
|-
 
| կրթություն || kəɾtʰuˈtʲun || education
 
|}
 
Sanahin Monastery, located in the northern part of Armenia, is known for its rich history and architectural beauty.
 
* '''Key Features:'''
 
* UNESCO World Heritage Site.
 
* A center of learning and education during the Middle Ages.
 
* Contains intricate carvings and frescoes.
 
=== Architectural Styles ===


== Historical Background ==
Armenian churches and monasteries exhibit a unique and recognizable architectural style that blends local traditions with influences from various periods and cultures.
Armenia is known as the first Christian nation, adopting Christianity as the state religion in 301 AD. This early adoption of Christianity has played a vital role in shaping the Armenian culture, and churches and monasteries have been at the heart of the spiritual and cultural life of Armenians ever since.


Armenian Churches and Monasteries are not only places of worship but also centers of education, art, and community life. They have served as sanctuaries during times of war and conflict, preserving the Armenian identity and culture. Many of these churches and monasteries have stood for centuries, witnessing the turbulent history of Armenia.
* '''Style Characteristics:'''


== Armenian Church Architecture ==
* '''Cross-Domed Structures:''' Most Armenian churches feature a central dome with a cross, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth.
Armenian Church architecture is characterized by its unique style and distinct features. The most iconic feature of Armenian churches is the use of pinkish-tinted tuff stone, which gives them a warm and inviting appearance. The churches are often built on elevated locations, offering a breathtaking view of the surrounding landscapes.


The churches are typically cruciform in shape, with a central dome and four arms. The interior of the churches is adorned with intricate frescoes, carvings, and religious artwork. The use of arches and vaulted ceilings adds to the grandeur of the architectural design.
* '''Carvings and Reliefs:''' Intricate stone carvings are prevalent, often depicting biblical scenes and motifs.


== Famous Armenian Churches and Monasteries ==
* '''Natural Materials:''' Churches are predominantly built from local stone, harmonizing with the natural landscape.
Let's explore some of the famous Armenian Churches and Monasteries:


=== Etchmiadzin Cathedral ===
=== The Role of Churches in Armenian Society ===
Etchmiadzin Cathedral, located in the city of Vagharshapat, is considered the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It is one of the oldest churches in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The cathedral is known for its beautiful frescoes, intricate stone carvings, and the Holy Lance, believed to have pierced the side of Jesus Christ.


=== Geghard Monastery ===
Armenian churches are more than just places of worship; they play a crucial role in the community's social fabric.
Geghard Monastery, carved into the cliffs of the Azat River Gorge, is a remarkable example of medieval Armenian architecture. The monastery complex consists of several churches and tombs, with the main church partially carved out of the rock. The name "Geghard" means "spear" in Armenian, referring to the Holy Lance that was once kept here.


=== Tatev Monastery ===
* '''Community Centers:'''
Tatev Monastery, perched on a cliff overlooking the Vorotan River Gorge, is another masterpiece of Armenian architecture. It is known for its stunning location and the longest reversible cable car in the world, which provides access to the monastery. Tatev Monastery was an important center of learning and culture in medieval Armenia.


=== Sanahin Monastery ===
* Host cultural events, celebrations, and festivals.
Sanahin Monastery, located in the Lori Province of Armenia, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is renowned for its intricate stone carvings, decorative khachkars (cross-stones), and beautiful frescoes. The monastery complex includes several churches, libraries, and academies, reflecting the importance of education and intellectual pursuits in Armenian culture.


=== Noravank Monastery ===
* Serve as venues for community gatherings and discussions.
Noravank Monastery, nestled in the Amaghu Valley, is known for its unique architectural style and stunning natural surroundings. The monastery complex includes three churches, with intricate stone carvings and decorative details. Noravank is considered a masterpiece of medieval Armenian architecture and a popular tourist destination.


== Cultural Significance ==
* '''Preservation of Culture:'''
Armenian Churches and Monasteries not only have religious significance but also play a crucial role in preserving and promoting Armenian culture. They are not just architectural marvels but also serve as repositories of Armenian history, art, and spirituality.


These churches and monasteries have witnessed the rise and fall of empires, the struggles of the Armenian people, and the preservation of their cultural identity. They continue to be places of pilgrimage, drawing visitors from around the world who are captivated by their beauty and historical significance.
* Protect and promote the Armenian language and literature.


== Exercises ==
* Act as custodians of Armenian history and traditions.
1. Match the following Armenian Churches and Monasteries with their descriptions:
* Etchmiadzin Cathedral
* Geghard Monastery
* Tatev Monastery
* Sanahin Monastery
* Noravank Monastery


a. Carved into the cliffs of the Azat River Gorge
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
b. Considered the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church
c. Located in the Lori Province of Armenia
d. Perched on a cliff overlooking the Vorotan River Gorge
e. Nestled in the Amaghu Valley


Solution:
Now that you have learned about the rich history and significance of Armenian churches and monasteries, it’s time to apply your knowledge with some exercises!
* Etchmiadzin Cathedral - b
* Geghard Monastery - a
* Tatev Monastery - d
* Sanahin Monastery - c
* Noravank Monastery - e


2. Discuss the cultural significance of Armenian Churches and Monasteries in preserving Armenian history and culture.
==== Exercise 1: Matching Terms ====


Solution:
Match the Armenian words with their English meanings.
Armenian Churches and Monasteries have played a vital role in preserving Armenian history and culture. They have served as sanctuaries during times of war and persecution, providing a safe haven for the Armenian people. These religious sites have safeguarded precious religious artifacts, manuscripts, and artworks, which bear witness to the rich cultural heritage of Armenia. They have also been centers of education and intellectual pursuits, fostering the growth of Armenian literature, music, and art. Today, Armenian Churches and Monasteries continue to be places of pilgrimage, attracting visitors from all over the world who seek to experience the beauty and spirituality of Armenian culture.


== Conclusion ==
{| class="wikitable"
Armenian Churches and Monasteries are not only places of worship but also architectural gems that reflect the rich cultural heritage of Armenia. They have stood the test of time, witnessing the turbulent history of the Armenian people. These religious sites are not just buildings; they are symbols of resilience, faith, and the enduring spirit of the Armenian nation. As we continue our journey through the Armenian language and culture, let us appreciate and celebrate the significance of Armenian Churches and Monasteries in shaping the identity of the Armenian people.
 
! Armenian !! English
 
|-
 
| Էջմիածին ||
 
|-
 
| Կաթողիկե ||
 
|-
 
| Խոր Վիրապ ||
 
|-
 
| Գեղարդ ||
 
|-
 
| Թաթև ||
 
|}
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Էջմիածին - Etchmiadzin
 
* Կաթողիկե - Cathedral
 
* Խոր Վիրապ - Khor Virap
 
* Գեղարդ - Geghard
 
* Թաթև - Tatev
 
==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct words.
 
1. The oldest ____ in the world is the Etchmiadzin Cathedral.
 
2. Khor Virap is famous for its ____.
 
3. Geghard Monastery is known for its rock-cut ____.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. cathedral
 
2. history
 
3. churches
 
==== Exercise 3: True or False ====
 
Determine whether the statements are true or false.
 
1. Khor Virap is located in the northern part of Armenia. (False)
 
2. Tatev Monastery is famous for its aerial tramway. (True)
 
3. Sanahin Monastery is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. (True)
 
==== Exercise 4: Short Answer Questions ====
 
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
 
1. What is the significance of Etchmiadzin Cathedral?
 
2. Describe one feature of Geghard Monastery.
 
'''Sample Answers:'''
 
1. Etchmiadzin Cathedral is significant because it is the oldest cathedral in the world and serves as the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
 
2. One feature of Geghard Monastery is that it is partially carved out of a mountain, showcasing incredible architectural ingenuity.
 
==== Exercise 5: Vocabulary Practice ====
 
Translate the following Armenian words into English.
 
1. վանք
 
2. Աստված
 
3. քար
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. monastery
 
2. God
 
3. stone
 
==== Exercise 6: Discussion Prompts ====
 
Discuss in pairs:
 
* What do you find most interesting about Armenian churches and monasteries?
 
* How do you think these structures contribute to Armenian cultural identity?
 
==== Exercise 7: Picture Identification ====
 
Look at the pictures of Armenian churches (provided by the teacher) and identify them based on their features.
 
'''Sample Answers:'''
 
* The church with a cross-dome is likely Etchmiadzin Cathedral.
 
* The rock-cut church is Geghard Monastery.
 
==== Exercise 8: Sentence Creation ====
 
Create sentences using the following words:
 
1. Tatev
 
2. Khor Virap
 
3. Geghard
 
'''Sample Sentences:'''
 
1. Tatev Monastery is located on a cliff and offers stunning views.
 
2. Khor Virap is an important historical site in Armenia.
 
3. Geghard is known for its unique architecture.
 
==== Exercise 9: Research Assignment ====
 
Choose one Armenian church or monastery and research its history and significance. Prepare a short presentation to share with the class.
 
==== Exercise 10: Reflection ====
 
Write a short paragraph reflecting on what you learned in this lesson about Armenian churches and monasteries.
 
'''Sample Reflection:'''
 
In this lesson, I learned that Armenian churches and monasteries are not only places of worship but also vital parts of Armenian culture and history. I found it fascinating to discover the unique architectural styles and the stories behind each site.
 
As we conclude this lesson, remember that the legacy of Armenian churches and monasteries continues to inspire and connect the Armenian people to their rich cultural heritage. Embrace this understanding as you continue your journey in learning the Armenian language and culture!


{{#seo:
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|keywords=Armenian, culture, art, architecture, churches, monasteries, history, significance, unique features, Armenian Apostolic Church, Etchmiadzin Cathedral, Geghard Monastery, Tatev Monastery, Sanahin Monastery, Noravank Monastery, cultural significance, exercises
|title=Armenian Culture: Churches and Monasteries
|description=In this lesson, we will explore the history, significance, and unique features of some Armenian Churches and Monasteries. Armenian Churches and Monasteries hold a significant place in Armenian culture and history.
 
|keywords=Armenian culture, Armenian churches, Armenian monasteries, Etchmiadzin, Khor Virap, Geghard, Tatev
 
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==Videos==
==Videos==

Latest revision as of 07:19, 1 August 2024


Armenian-Language-Polyglotclub.png
Armenian → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Armenian Churches and Monasteries

In the vibrant tapestry of Armenian culture, churches and monasteries hold a special place, not only as places of worship but also as symbols of resilience, identity, and artistic expression. They reflect the rich history and spirituality of the Armenian people, and understanding them is essential for anyone looking to grasp the essence of Armenian culture.

In this lesson, we will explore the significance and history of renowned Armenian churches and monasteries, their architectural styles, and the stories they tell. We will also look at how these structures have shaped the Armenian identity and community over the centuries. This exploration will not only enrich your understanding of the Armenian language but also deepen your appreciation for its cultural heritage.

The Historical Context of Armenian Churches[edit | edit source]

Armenia, recognized as the first nation to adopt Christianity as its state religion in 301 AD, is home to countless churches and monasteries that date back to ancient times. Their construction marks the beginning of a unique architectural style that combines local traditions with influences from neighboring cultures.

  • Significance of Churches and Monasteries:
  • Serve as centers of community life.
  • Preserve the Armenian language and literature through ancient manuscripts.
  • Represent architectural ingenuity and artistic expression in sculpture and frescoes.

Notable Armenian Churches and Monasteries[edit | edit source]

Let's delve into some of the most iconic Armenian churches and monasteries that are not only architectural masterpieces but also carry deep historical significance.

1. Etchmiadzin Cathedral[edit | edit source]

Armenian Pronunciation English
Էջմիածին ʔɛʤmiɑˈt͡sʲin Etchmiadzin
Կաթողիկե kɑtʰoɡiˈkɛ Cathedral
Աստված ʔɑsˈtʰvɑts God

Etchmiadzin Cathedral, located in the city of Vagharshapat, is the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It was founded in the early 4th century by St. Gregory the Illuminator.

  • Key Features:
  • The oldest cathedral in the world.
  • Houses important relics and manuscripts.
  • A UNESCO World Heritage Site.

2. Khor Virap[edit | edit source]

Armenian Pronunciation English
Խոր Վիրապ xɔɾ viˈɾɑp Khor Virap
բանտ bɑnt prison
պատի pɑˈti wall

Khor Virap, located near the border with Turkey, is famous for its historical significance and breathtaking views of Mount Ararat. It was here that St. Gregory the Illuminator was imprisoned before converting King Tiridates III to Christianity.

  • Key Features:
  • A pilgrimage site.
  • Contains ancient churches and the remains of a fortress.
  • Offers stunning views of Mount Ararat.

3. Geghard Monastery[edit | edit source]

Armenian Pronunciation English
Գեղարդ ɡeˈɡɑɾd Geghard
վանք vɑŋk monastery
քար kʰɑɾ stone

Geghard Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is renowned for its rock-cut churches and beautiful scenery. The name Geghard means "spear," referring to the spear that pierced Christ's side.

  • Key Features:
  • Partially carved out of a mountain.
  • Houses numerous ancient relics.
  • Surrounded by stunning cliffs.

4. Tatev Monastery[edit | edit source]

Armenian Pronunciation English
Թաթև tʰɑˈtʰɛv Tatev
վանք vɑŋk monastery
երկնակամար jɛrɡnɑˈkɑmɑɾ sky

Tatev Monastery, perched on a dramatic cliff overlooking the Vorotan Gorge, is famous for its breathtaking views and its historical significance as a center of scholarship.

  • Key Features:
  • Home to the world’s longest reversible aerial tramway.
  • Important center for learning and culture.
  • Offers incredible views of the surrounding landscape.

5. Sanahin Monastery[edit | edit source]

Armenian Pronunciation English
Սանահին sɑˈnɑhin Sanahin
վանք vɑŋk monastery
կրթություն kəɾtʰuˈtʲun education

Sanahin Monastery, located in the northern part of Armenia, is known for its rich history and architectural beauty.

  • Key Features:
  • UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • A center of learning and education during the Middle Ages.
  • Contains intricate carvings and frescoes.

Architectural Styles[edit | edit source]

Armenian churches and monasteries exhibit a unique and recognizable architectural style that blends local traditions with influences from various periods and cultures.

  • Style Characteristics:
  • Cross-Domed Structures: Most Armenian churches feature a central dome with a cross, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth.
  • Carvings and Reliefs: Intricate stone carvings are prevalent, often depicting biblical scenes and motifs.
  • Natural Materials: Churches are predominantly built from local stone, harmonizing with the natural landscape.

The Role of Churches in Armenian Society[edit | edit source]

Armenian churches are more than just places of worship; they play a crucial role in the community's social fabric.

  • Community Centers:
  • Host cultural events, celebrations, and festivals.
  • Serve as venues for community gatherings and discussions.
  • Preservation of Culture:
  • Protect and promote the Armenian language and literature.
  • Act as custodians of Armenian history and traditions.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned about the rich history and significance of Armenian churches and monasteries, it’s time to apply your knowledge with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Matching Terms[edit | edit source]

Match the Armenian words with their English meanings.

Armenian English
Էջմիածին
Կաթողիկե
Խոր Վիրապ
Գեղարդ
Թաթև

Answers:

  • Էջմիածին - Etchmiadzin
  • Կաթողիկե - Cathedral
  • Խոր Վիրապ - Khor Virap
  • Գեղարդ - Geghard
  • Թաթև - Tatev

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct words.

1. The oldest ____ in the world is the Etchmiadzin Cathedral.

2. Khor Virap is famous for its ____.

3. Geghard Monastery is known for its rock-cut ____.

Answers:

1. cathedral

2. history

3. churches

Exercise 3: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine whether the statements are true or false.

1. Khor Virap is located in the northern part of Armenia. (False)

2. Tatev Monastery is famous for its aerial tramway. (True)

3. Sanahin Monastery is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. (True)

Exercise 4: Short Answer Questions[edit | edit source]

Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. What is the significance of Etchmiadzin Cathedral?

2. Describe one feature of Geghard Monastery.

Sample Answers:

1. Etchmiadzin Cathedral is significant because it is the oldest cathedral in the world and serves as the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

2. One feature of Geghard Monastery is that it is partially carved out of a mountain, showcasing incredible architectural ingenuity.

Exercise 5: Vocabulary Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following Armenian words into English.

1. վանք

2. Աստված

3. քար

Answers:

1. monastery

2. God

3. stone

Exercise 6: Discussion Prompts[edit | edit source]

Discuss in pairs:

  • What do you find most interesting about Armenian churches and monasteries?
  • How do you think these structures contribute to Armenian cultural identity?

Exercise 7: Picture Identification[edit | edit source]

Look at the pictures of Armenian churches (provided by the teacher) and identify them based on their features.

Sample Answers:

  • The church with a cross-dome is likely Etchmiadzin Cathedral.
  • The rock-cut church is Geghard Monastery.

Exercise 8: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following words:

1. Tatev

2. Khor Virap

3. Geghard

Sample Sentences:

1. Tatev Monastery is located on a cliff and offers stunning views.

2. Khor Virap is an important historical site in Armenia.

3. Geghard is known for its unique architecture.

Exercise 9: Research Assignment[edit | edit source]

Choose one Armenian church or monastery and research its history and significance. Prepare a short presentation to share with the class.

Exercise 10: Reflection[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph reflecting on what you learned in this lesson about Armenian churches and monasteries.

Sample Reflection:

In this lesson, I learned that Armenian churches and monasteries are not only places of worship but also vital parts of Armenian culture and history. I found it fascinating to discover the unique architectural styles and the stories behind each site.

As we conclude this lesson, remember that the legacy of Armenian churches and monasteries continues to inspire and connect the Armenian people to their rich cultural heritage. Embrace this understanding as you continue your journey in learning the Armenian language and culture!

Table of Contents - Armenian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Numbers and Time


Basic Sentence Structure


Family and Relationships


Nouns and Pronouns


Food and Dining


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Armenian Traditions and Customs

Videos[edit | edit source]

Armenian Communities of Persia/Iran: A Talk by Author and ...[edit | edit source]

Baking ARMENIAN LAVASH + Touring Geghard Monastery ...[edit | edit source]

Baking ARMENIAN GATA Bread + HUGE Feast in Armenia's Little ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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