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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Vietnamese|Vietnamese]]  → [[Language/Vietnamese/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Vietnamese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Vietnamese Culture Basics → Cuisine and Dining</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Vietnamese|Vietnamese]]  → [[Language/Vietnamese/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Vietnamese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Cuisine and Dining</div>


__TOC__
Welcome to this exciting lesson on Vietnamese cuisine and dining customs! Understanding the food culture is essential for grasping the richness of the Vietnamese language and the values of its people. Food is not just about sustenance; it is a means of expressing love, hospitality, and cultural pride. In Vietnam, meals are often a communal affair, and dining etiquette reflects the deep respect for family and tradition.


== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we'll explore the intricacies of Vietnamese cuisine, including popular dishes, ingredients, and the significance of meals in Vietnamese culture. We'll also delve into dining customs and etiquette that will help you navigate social situations with ease. By the end of this lesson, you will not only gain vocabulary related to food and dining but also an appreciation for the cultural context that surrounds it.


Welcome to the "Vietnamese Culture Basics" course! In this lesson, we will explore traditional Vietnamese cuisine and dining customs. Vietnamese cuisine is known for its rich flavors, fresh ingredients, and balance of textures. The dining customs in Vietnam are deeply rooted in the country's culture and traditions. By understanding the basics of Vietnamese cuisine and dining, you will not only expand your knowledge of the language but also gain insights into the vibrant Vietnamese culture.
__TOC__


== Traditional Vietnamese Cuisine ==
=== Traditional Vietnamese Cuisine ===


Vietnamese cuisine is diverse and reflects the country's geography, history, and cultural influences. It is characterized by the use of fresh ingredients, aromatic herbs, and a harmonious balance of flavors. Vietnamese dishes often incorporate rice, noodles, vegetables, and meat or seafood. Let's explore some popular Vietnamese dishes:
Vietnamese cuisine is renowned for its balance of flavors, colors, and textures. It often includes a harmonious blend of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes. The foundation of many Vietnamese dishes is rice, fresh herbs, and a variety of proteins.


=== Phở (Pho) ===
==== Popular Dishes ====


Phở is the quintessential Vietnamese dish that has gained international popularity. It is a flavorful noodle soup made with beef or chicken broth, rice noodles, and various toppings such as bean sprouts, basil, lime, and chili. Phở is typically enjoyed for breakfast or lunch and is a staple in Vietnamese cuisine.
Let’s take a look at some of the most beloved Vietnamese dishes.  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Phở || fɤ̄ || Noodle Soup
|-
| Bánh mì || baɲ mi˧ || Vietnamese Sandwich
|-
| Gỏi cuốn || ɡɔi˧ kuən || Spring Rolls
|-
| Cơm tấm || kɤm tǎm || Broken Rice
|-
| Bánh xèo || baɲ sɛo || Sizzling Pancakes
|-
| Chả giò || tɕaː ʔzɔ || Fried Spring Rolls
|-
|-
| Phở || fuh || Pho
 
| Hủ tiếu || hǔ tiəʊ || Noodle Soup with Pork
 
|-
 
| Bún thịt nướng || bʊn tiʔ nɨəŋ || Grilled Pork Noodles
 
|-
 
| Xôi || soɪ || Sticky Rice
 
|-
 
| Cá kho tộ || kɑː xɔ tɔ || Braised Fish in Clay Pot
 
|}
|}


=== Bánh mì ===
Each of these dishes tells a story, often tied to specific regions of Vietnam. For instance, '''Phở''', the famous noodle soup, is believed to have originated in the north, while '''Bánh mì''', a delicious sandwich, showcases the influence of French colonialism.
 
==== Key Ingredients ====


Bánh mì is a delicious Vietnamese sandwich that combines French and Vietnamese culinary influences. It consists of a crispy baguette filled with various ingredients such as grilled pork, pâté, pickled vegetables, and fresh herbs. The combination of flavors and textures makes bánh mì a popular street food in Vietnam.
Understanding the ingredients used in Vietnamese cuisine is crucial for appreciating the food. Here are some essential ingredients:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Gạo || ɡaːʊ || Rice
|-
| Nước mắm || nɨək mɑːm || Fish Sauce
|-
| Tỏi || tɔɪ || Garlic
|-
| Hành || haɲ || Onion
|-
| Ớt || ɤt || Chili
|-
| Rau thơm || raʊ tʰɤm || Aromatic Herbs
|-
| Đường || ɗɨəŋ || Sugar
|-
| Muối || muəɪ || Salt
|-
| Bột ngọt || bɔt ŋɔt || MSG (Seasoning)
|-
|-
| Bánh mì || bahn mee || Vietnamese Sandwich
 
| Chanh || tɕaɲ || Lime
 
|}
|}


=== Gỏi cuốn (Spring Rolls) ===
These ingredients contribute to the unique flavors of Vietnamese dishes, such as the umami from '''Nước mắm''' and the freshness from '''Rau thơm'''.
 
=== Dining Customs ===
 
Dining in Vietnam is a rich experience that goes beyond just eating. It is an event filled with customs and etiquette.
 
==== Meal Structure ====
 
Typically, a Vietnamese meal consists of several components:


Gỏi cuốn, also known as Vietnamese spring rolls, are fresh and healthy rolls filled with shrimp, pork, rice noodles, and vegetables. They are wrapped in rice paper and served with a flavorful dipping sauce. Gỏi cuốn is a popular appetizer or snack in Vietnam and is enjoyed throughout the year.
* '''Rice''': The staple food in every meal.
 
* '''Main Dishes''': Usually include meat, fish, or tofu.
 
* '''Vegetables''': Often served fresh or stir-fried.
 
* '''Soup''': A light broth, like '''Phở''' or '''Canh''' (vegetable soup).
 
This structure emphasizes balance and variety, ensuring that every meal is nutritious and satisfying.
 
==== Table Setting ====
 
When dining in Vietnam, the way the table is set is important. Here’s an overview of how a traditional Vietnamese dining table is arranged:
 
* '''Chopsticks''': Placed on the right side of the bowl.
 
* '''Rice Bowl''': Positioned at the center.
 
* '''Soup Bowl''': Typically placed in front of each person.
 
* '''Dishes''': Shared among diners and placed in the middle.
 
Proper table setting reflects respect for the food and the company you share it with.
 
==== Eating Etiquette ====
 
Here are some key points on dining etiquette in Vietnam:
 
* '''Wait for the Elders''': Always wait for the oldest person to start eating first.
 
* '''Use Chopsticks Properly''': Avoid sticking chopsticks upright in rice as it resembles a funeral offering.
 
* '''Share Dishes''': It’s common to share dishes among diners, so be ready to pass the food around.
 
* '''Express Gratitude''': Saying “Cảm ơn” (Thank you) after a meal is polite.
 
These customs enhance the communal experience and reflect the strong family values in Vietnamese culture.
 
=== Vocabulary for Dining ===
 
Now that we have explored the cuisine and customs, let's look at some useful vocabulary related to dining.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Thực đơn || tʰɨk ɗɨn || Menu
|-
| Đặt bàn || ɗatɓaːn || Reserve a table
|-
| Gọi món || ɡɔj mɔn || Order food
|-
| Thanh toán || tʰaɲ tʷaːn || Pay the bill
|-
| Nước uống || nɨək ʔuəŋ || Drink
|-
| Đồ ăn || ɗɔː ʔan || Food
|-
| Món ăn || mɔn ʔan || Dish
|-
| Ngon || ŋɔŋ || Delicious
|-
|-
| Gỏi cuốn || goy kwohn || Spring Rolls
 
| Nhạt || ɲaːt || Bland
 
|-
 
| Cay || kaɪ || Spicy
 
|}
|}


=== Bún chả ===
Knowing these terms will help you navigate a Vietnamese restaurant or dining situation smoothly.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises to help you apply what you’ve learned.


Bún chả is a traditional Vietnamese dish consisting of grilled pork served with rice noodles, fresh herbs, and a dipping sauce. The grilled pork is marinated in a flavorful sauce and cooked over charcoal, giving it a smoky and slightly sweet taste. Bún chả is a popular dish in Hanoi and is often enjoyed for lunch or dinner.
==== Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match ====
 
Match the Vietnamese words with their English translations.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Vietnamese !! English
 
|-
 
| Phở || A. Noodle Soup
 
|-
 
| Bánh mì || B. Fried Spring Rolls
 
|-
|-
| Bún chả || boon cha || Grilled Pork with Rice Noodles
|}


=== Cà phê sữa đá (Vietnamese Iced Coffee) ===
| Gỏi cuốn || C. Vietnamese Sandwich
 
|-


Cà phê sữa đá is a strong and rich Vietnamese iced coffee that is a favorite among coffee lovers. It is made by brewing dark roast coffee with a small metal filter, and then mixed with condensed milk and poured over ice. The combination of the bold coffee and creamy sweetness of condensed milk creates a delicious and refreshing beverage.
| Cơm tấm || D. Broken Rice


{| class="wikitable"
! Vietnamese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Cà phê sữa đá || ka fe soo-ah da || Vietnamese Iced Coffee
 
| Chả giò || E. Spring Rolls
 
|}
|}


== Dining Customs in Vietnam ==
* '''Solution''':
 
1. Phở - A
 
2. Bánh mì - C
 
3. Gỏi cuốn - E
 
4. Cơm tấm - D
 
5. Chả giò - B
 
==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences using the vocabulary words.
 
1. I want to order ______ (Phở).
 
2. The ______ (Bánh mì) is very delicious.
 
3. Can you pass me the ______ (Gỏi cuốn)?
 
* '''Solution''':
 
1. I want to order '''Phở'''.
 
2. The '''Bánh mì''' is very delicious.
 
3. Can you pass me the '''Gỏi cuốn'''?
 
==== Exercise 3: True or False ====
 
Determine if the statements are true or false.
 
1. Rice is not a staple food in Vietnamese cuisine. (False)
 
2. It is polite to start eating before the elders. (False)
 
3. Vietnamese meals often consist of several shared dishes. (True)
 
* '''Solution''':
 
1. False
 
2. False
 
3. True
 
==== Exercise 4: Dialogue Completion ====


In Vietnamese culture, dining is seen as a social activity that brings people together. Here are some dining customs and etiquette to keep in mind when dining in Vietnam:
Complete the dialogue based on the given scenario.


=== Family-Style Dining ===
''Customer'': "Can I have the ______ (Phở), please?"


Vietnamese meals are often served family-style, where dishes are placed in the center of the table and shared among everyone. It is common for each person to have a small bowl of rice and to take a little bit of each dish to eat with their rice. This communal style of dining promotes a sense of togetherness and sharing.
''Waiter'': "Sure! Would you like it with ______ (bò) or ______ (gà)?"


=== Chopsticks and Spoon ===
* '''Solution''':


Chopsticks and a spoon are the main utensils used in Vietnamese dining. Chopsticks are used for picking up solid foods such as meat, vegetables, and noodles, while the spoon is used for scooping up soups or rice. When using chopsticks, it is considered impolite to point them directly at someone or to stick them upright in a bowl of rice.
''Customer'': "Can I have the '''Phở''', please?"


=== Toasting Tradition ===
''Waiter'': "Sure! Would you like it with '''bò''' (beef) or '''gà''' (chicken)?"


When dining with Vietnamese people, it is common to participate in toasting. The host or the eldest person at the table will initiate the toasting by saying "Một, hai, ba, dô" (One, two, three, cheers). It is customary to make eye contact and clink glasses with everyone at the table when toasting. It is polite to take a sip of your drink after each toast.
==== Exercise 5: Writing Exercise ====


=== Dining Etiquette ===
Write a short paragraph about your favorite Vietnamese dish using at least three vocabulary words from this lesson.


- It is polite to wait for the host or the eldest person to start eating before you begin your meal.
* '''Solution''':
- Keep your chopsticks parallel to the table when you are not using them, rather than sticking them upright in your bowl of rice.
- When passing dishes, use both hands or one hand to support the dish from the bottom.
- It is customary to say "Ăn ngon!" (Enjoy your meal!) before you start eating.
- Finish everything on your plate as leaving food behind is considered wasteful.


== Conclusion ==
(Example) "My favorite Vietnamese dish is '''Phở'''. I love the rich broth and the fresh herbs. Whenever I eat '''Phở''', I feel satisfied and happy."


In this lesson, we explored traditional Vietnamese cuisine and dining customs. Vietnamese cuisine is known for its diverse flavors and fresh ingredients, while dining in Vietnam is a social activity that promotes togetherness and sharing. By understanding the basics of Vietnamese cuisine and dining, you have gained insights into the vibrant Vietnamese culture. Keep practicing the language and exploring more about Vietnamese culture to enhance your language learning journey!
==== Exercise 6: Role Play ====
 
Pair up with a partner and role-play a restaurant scenario where one person is the customer and the other is the waiter. Use vocabulary and phrases from this lesson.
 
* '''Solution''':
 
Each pair should create a dialogue that includes ordering food, expressing preferences, and discussing the menu.
 
==== Exercise 7: Cultural Reflection ====
 
Reflect on the importance of food in your culture. Write down similarities and differences with Vietnamese dining customs.
 
* '''Solution''':
 
Students will write their reflections based on their personal experiences.
 
==== Exercise 8: Listening Comprehension ====
 
Listen to a Vietnamese food-related video or audio and note down the dishes mentioned.
 
* '''Solution''':
 
Students should write down the dishes they hear and discuss them in class.
 
==== Exercise 9: Picture Identification ====
 
Show pictures of different Vietnamese dishes and have students identify them using the correct vocabulary.
 
* '''Solution''':
 
Students will name the dishes and describe them using the vocabulary learned in this lesson.
 
==== Exercise 10: Group Discussion ====
 
Discuss in small groups about your experience with Vietnamese cuisine. Share what dishes you have tried and what you liked or disliked about them.
 
* '''Solution''':
 
Students will engage in discussion and practice speaking.
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
In this lesson, we explored the vibrant world of Vietnamese cuisine and dining customs. We covered popular dishes, key ingredients, and the etiquette that makes dining a social and cultural experience in Vietnam. By familiarizing yourself with this aspect of Vietnamese culture, you’ve taken an important step toward understanding the language and its context better.  
 
Remember, food is a universal language that brings people together, and in Vietnam, it holds a special place in the hearts of its people. Enjoy your culinary journey!


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|title=Learn Vietnamese Cuisine and Dining Customs
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==Videos==
==Videos==

Latest revision as of 19:08, 31 July 2024

◀️ Social Etiquette — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Counting 1-10 ▶️

Vietnamese-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Vietnamese → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Cuisine and Dining

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Vietnamese cuisine and dining customs! Understanding the food culture is essential for grasping the richness of the Vietnamese language and the values of its people. Food is not just about sustenance; it is a means of expressing love, hospitality, and cultural pride. In Vietnam, meals are often a communal affair, and dining etiquette reflects the deep respect for family and tradition.

In this lesson, we'll explore the intricacies of Vietnamese cuisine, including popular dishes, ingredients, and the significance of meals in Vietnamese culture. We'll also delve into dining customs and etiquette that will help you navigate social situations with ease. By the end of this lesson, you will not only gain vocabulary related to food and dining but also an appreciation for the cultural context that surrounds it.

Traditional Vietnamese Cuisine[edit | edit source]

Vietnamese cuisine is renowned for its balance of flavors, colors, and textures. It often includes a harmonious blend of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes. The foundation of many Vietnamese dishes is rice, fresh herbs, and a variety of proteins.

Popular Dishes[edit | edit source]

Let’s take a look at some of the most beloved Vietnamese dishes.

Vietnamese Pronunciation English
Phở fɤ̄ Noodle Soup
Bánh mì baɲ mi˧ Vietnamese Sandwich
Gỏi cuốn ɡɔi˧ kuən Spring Rolls
Cơm tấm kɤm tǎm Broken Rice
Bánh xèo baɲ sɛo Sizzling Pancakes
Chả giò tɕaː ʔzɔ Fried Spring Rolls
Hủ tiếu hǔ tiəʊ Noodle Soup with Pork
Bún thịt nướng bʊn tiʔ nɨəŋ Grilled Pork Noodles
Xôi soɪ Sticky Rice
Cá kho tộ kɑː xɔ tɔ Braised Fish in Clay Pot

Each of these dishes tells a story, often tied to specific regions of Vietnam. For instance, Phở, the famous noodle soup, is believed to have originated in the north, while Bánh mì, a delicious sandwich, showcases the influence of French colonialism.

Key Ingredients[edit | edit source]

Understanding the ingredients used in Vietnamese cuisine is crucial for appreciating the food. Here are some essential ingredients:

Vietnamese Pronunciation English
Gạo ɡaːʊ Rice
Nước mắm nɨək mɑːm Fish Sauce
Tỏi tɔɪ Garlic
Hành haɲ Onion
Ớt ɤt Chili
Rau thơm raʊ tʰɤm Aromatic Herbs
Đường ɗɨəŋ Sugar
Muối muəɪ Salt
Bột ngọt bɔt ŋɔt MSG (Seasoning)
Chanh tɕaɲ Lime

These ingredients contribute to the unique flavors of Vietnamese dishes, such as the umami from Nước mắm and the freshness from Rau thơm.

Dining Customs[edit | edit source]

Dining in Vietnam is a rich experience that goes beyond just eating. It is an event filled with customs and etiquette.

Meal Structure[edit | edit source]

Typically, a Vietnamese meal consists of several components:

  • Rice: The staple food in every meal.
  • Main Dishes: Usually include meat, fish, or tofu.
  • Vegetables: Often served fresh or stir-fried.
  • Soup: A light broth, like Phở or Canh (vegetable soup).

This structure emphasizes balance and variety, ensuring that every meal is nutritious and satisfying.

Table Setting[edit | edit source]

When dining in Vietnam, the way the table is set is important. Here’s an overview of how a traditional Vietnamese dining table is arranged:

  • Chopsticks: Placed on the right side of the bowl.
  • Rice Bowl: Positioned at the center.
  • Soup Bowl: Typically placed in front of each person.
  • Dishes: Shared among diners and placed in the middle.

Proper table setting reflects respect for the food and the company you share it with.

Eating Etiquette[edit | edit source]

Here are some key points on dining etiquette in Vietnam:

  • Wait for the Elders: Always wait for the oldest person to start eating first.
  • Use Chopsticks Properly: Avoid sticking chopsticks upright in rice as it resembles a funeral offering.
  • Share Dishes: It’s common to share dishes among diners, so be ready to pass the food around.
  • Express Gratitude: Saying “Cảm ơn” (Thank you) after a meal is polite.

These customs enhance the communal experience and reflect the strong family values in Vietnamese culture.

Vocabulary for Dining[edit | edit source]

Now that we have explored the cuisine and customs, let's look at some useful vocabulary related to dining.

Vietnamese Pronunciation English
Thực đơn tʰɨk ɗɨn Menu
Đặt bàn ɗatɓaːn Reserve a table
Gọi món ɡɔj mɔn Order food
Thanh toán tʰaɲ tʷaːn Pay the bill
Nước uống nɨək ʔuəŋ Drink
Đồ ăn ɗɔː ʔan Food
Món ăn mɔn ʔan Dish
Ngon ŋɔŋ Delicious
Nhạt ɲaːt Bland
Cay kaɪ Spicy

Knowing these terms will help you navigate a Vietnamese restaurant or dining situation smoothly.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises to help you apply what you’ve learned.

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match[edit | edit source]

Match the Vietnamese words with their English translations.

Vietnamese English
Phở A. Noodle Soup
Bánh mì B. Fried Spring Rolls
Gỏi cuốn C. Vietnamese Sandwich
Cơm tấm D. Broken Rice
Chả giò E. Spring Rolls
  • Solution:

1. Phở - A

2. Bánh mì - C

3. Gỏi cuốn - E

4. Cơm tấm - D

5. Chả giò - B

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences using the vocabulary words.

1. I want to order ______ (Phở).

2. The ______ (Bánh mì) is very delicious.

3. Can you pass me the ______ (Gỏi cuốn)?

  • Solution:

1. I want to order Phở.

2. The Bánh mì is very delicious.

3. Can you pass me the Gỏi cuốn?

Exercise 3: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine if the statements are true or false.

1. Rice is not a staple food in Vietnamese cuisine. (False)

2. It is polite to start eating before the elders. (False)

3. Vietnamese meals often consist of several shared dishes. (True)

  • Solution:

1. False

2. False

3. True

Exercise 4: Dialogue Completion[edit | edit source]

Complete the dialogue based on the given scenario.

Customer: "Can I have the ______ (Phở), please?"

Waiter: "Sure! Would you like it with ______ (bò) or ______ (gà)?"

  • Solution:

Customer: "Can I have the Phở, please?"

Waiter: "Sure! Would you like it with bò (beef) or gà (chicken)?"

Exercise 5: Writing Exercise[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph about your favorite Vietnamese dish using at least three vocabulary words from this lesson.

  • Solution:

(Example) "My favorite Vietnamese dish is Phở. I love the rich broth and the fresh herbs. Whenever I eat Phở, I feel satisfied and happy."

Exercise 6: Role Play[edit | edit source]

Pair up with a partner and role-play a restaurant scenario where one person is the customer and the other is the waiter. Use vocabulary and phrases from this lesson.

  • Solution:

Each pair should create a dialogue that includes ordering food, expressing preferences, and discussing the menu.

Exercise 7: Cultural Reflection[edit | edit source]

Reflect on the importance of food in your culture. Write down similarities and differences with Vietnamese dining customs.

  • Solution:

Students will write their reflections based on their personal experiences.

Exercise 8: Listening Comprehension[edit | edit source]

Listen to a Vietnamese food-related video or audio and note down the dishes mentioned.

  • Solution:

Students should write down the dishes they hear and discuss them in class.

Exercise 9: Picture Identification[edit | edit source]

Show pictures of different Vietnamese dishes and have students identify them using the correct vocabulary.

  • Solution:

Students will name the dishes and describe them using the vocabulary learned in this lesson.

Exercise 10: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

Discuss in small groups about your experience with Vietnamese cuisine. Share what dishes you have tried and what you liked or disliked about them.

  • Solution:

Students will engage in discussion and practice speaking.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored the vibrant world of Vietnamese cuisine and dining customs. We covered popular dishes, key ingredients, and the etiquette that makes dining a social and cultural experience in Vietnam. By familiarizing yourself with this aspect of Vietnamese culture, you’ve taken an important step toward understanding the language and its context better.

Remember, food is a universal language that brings people together, and in Vietnam, it holds a special place in the hearts of its people. Enjoy your culinary journey!

Table of Contents - Vietnamese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Vietnamese Culture Basics


Numbers and Counting


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Holidays and Celebrations


Verbs and Verb Tenses


Food and Drink


Arts and Entertainment


Adjectives and Adverbs


Transportation


Traditional Clothing

Videos[edit | edit source]

Vietnamese Food Safari | Vietnamese Cuisine - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Social Etiquette — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Counting 1-10 ▶️

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