Difference between revisions of "Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Telling-Time"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Telling Time</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Telling Time</div>


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==Telling Time in Estonian==
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to the lesson on telling time in Estonian! In this lesson, we will learn how to express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day in Estonian. Telling time is an essential skill for everyday communication, and it allows you to schedule appointments, catch trains, and meet up with friends. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently ask and answer questions about the time in Estonian.
 
Telling time in Estonian is relatively straightforward, but it does require some knowledge of numbers and basic vocabulary. If you haven't already done so, make sure to check out the previous lesson on "Numbers 1-100" to familiarize yourself with the Estonian number system. This will greatly help you in understanding and expressing time.
 
In this lesson, we will start by reviewing the vocabulary for different parts of the day and then move on to expressing specific times using hours and minutes. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage of time expressions and share interesting cultural facts related to telling time in Estonia. Finally, we will practice what we have learned through various exercises and scenarios.
 
So let's dive in and learn how to tell time in Estonian!
 
== Parts of the Day ==
 
Before we can start expressing specific times, let's first review the vocabulary for different parts of the day in Estonian. Knowing these terms will help us understand and communicate time expressions more effectively.
 
Here are the main parts of the day in Estonian:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| hommik || hoh-mik || morning
|-
| lõuna || luh-nah || noon
|-
| pärastlõuna || pah-rahst-luh-nah || afternoon
|-
| õhtu || ooht-oo || evening
|-
| öö || oo || night
|}
 
Now that we have familiarized ourselves with the parts of the day, let's move on to expressing specific times.
 
== Expressing Hours ==
 
To express hours in Estonian, we use the numbers from 1 to 12 followed by the word "tund" (hour). Here are the numbers in Estonian:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| üks || yks || one
|-
| kaks || kahks || two
|-
| kolm || kohlm || three
|-
| neli || neh-lee || four
|-
| viis || vees || five
|-
| kuus || kohs || six
|-
| seitse || sait-seh || seven
|-
| kaheksa || kah-hek-sah || eight
|-
| üheksa || yeh-khek-sah || nine
|-
| kümme || kuhm-meh || ten
|-
| üksteist || yks-tayst || eleven
|-
| kaksteist || kahk-stayst || twelve
|}
 
To express a specific hour, we simply combine the corresponding number with the word "tund." For example:
 
* üks tund (one hour)
* kolm tundi (three hours)
* kaheksa tundi (eight hours)
 
When the hour is exactly on the hour, we can omit the word "tund" and simply state the number. For example:
 
* kaks (two o'clock)
* seitse (seven o'clock)
 
It's important to note that Estonians use a 12-hour clock system, so it's common to hear expressions like "kaks hommikul" (two in the morning) or "seitse õhtul" (seven in the evening) to specify the part of the day along with the hour.
 
== Expressing Minutes ==
 
To express minutes in Estonian, we use the numbers from 1 to 60 followed by the word "minut" (minute). Here are the numbers in Estonian:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| üks || yks || one
|-
| kaks || kahks || two
|-
| kolm || kohlm || three
|-
| neli || neh-lee || four
|-
| viis || vees || five
|-
| kuus || kohs || six
|-
| seitse || sait-seh || seven
|-
| kaheksa || kah-hek-sah || eight
|-
| üheksa || yeh-khek-sah || nine
|-
| kümme || kuhm-meh || ten
|-
| üksteist || yks-tayst || eleven
|-
| kaksteist || kahk-stayst || twelve
|-
| kolmteist || kohlm-tayst || thirteen
|-
| neliteist || neh-lee-tayst || fourteen
|-
| viisteist || vees-tayst || fifteen
|-
| kuusteist || kohs-tayst || sixteen
|-
| seitseteist || sait-seh-tayst || seventeen
|-
| kaheksateist || kah-hek-sah-tayst || eighteen
|-
| üheksateist || yeh-khek-sah-tayst || nineteen
|-
| kakskümmend || kahks-kuhm-mehnd || twenty
|-
| kakskümmend üks || kahks-kuhm-mehnd yks || twenty-one
|-
| kakskümmend kaks || kahks-kuhm-mehnd kahks || twenty-two
|-
| kolmkümmend || kohlm-kuhm-mehnd || thirty
|-
| nelikümmend || neh-lee-kuhm-mehnd || forty
|-
| viiskümmend || vees-kuhm-mehnd || fifty
|-
| kuuskümmend || kohs-kuhm-mehnd || sixty
|}
 
To express a specific number of minutes, we simply combine the corresponding number with the word "minut." For example:
 
* kümme minutit (ten minutes)
* kakskümmend viis minutit (twenty-five minutes)
 
When the minute is exactly on the hour, we can omit the word "minut" and simply state the number. For example:
 
* viis (five minutes past)
* kolmkümmend (thirty minutes past)
 
To express minutes before the hour, we use the word "vähem" (less) followed by the number of minutes. For example:
 
* viis minutit vähem (five minutes to)
* kolmkümmend minutit vähem (thirty minutes to)
 
== Telling Time in Practice ==
 
Now that we have learned how to express hours and minutes in Estonian, let's practice asking and answering questions about the time. Here are some examples:


<p>In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Estonian, including how to express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day. You will also practice asking and answering questions about the time.</p>
=== Example 1 ===


==Hours and Minutes==
Asking the time:
* Mis aeg on? (What time is it?)


<p>In Estonian, the 24-hour clock is used to tell time. The word for clock is <i>kell</i>. To express the time, the word <i>kell</i> is followed by the numbers representing the hours and minutes. The two parts are separated by the word <i>ja</i> (and).</p>
Answering the time:
* Kell on üks. (It is one o'clock.)
* Kell on kaks. (It is two o'clock.)
* Kell on kolm. (It is three o'clock.)


<p><b>Example:</b></p>
=== Example 2 ===


<table class="wikitable">
Asking the time:
  <tr>
* Mis aeg sul on? (What time do you have?)
    <th>Standard Estonian</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on kolm</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn kɔɫm]</td>
    <td>It is three o'clock</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on viis minutit üle kaheksa</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn viis minuɕit yle kaheksa]</td>
    <td>It is five minutes past eight</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on veerand kuus</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn vɛraɾd kuus]</td>
    <td>It is quarter past five</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on paar minutit enne kahteteist</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn paːr minuɕit ɛnːɛ kahteːtseist]</td>
    <td>It is a couple of minutes before twelve</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>Note that when using minutes, the word <i>minutit</i> (minutes) is added after the number. To express that the minutes are approaching the next hour, the word <i>üle</i> (past) is placed before the number of minutes. To express that the minutes are approaching the previous hour, the word <i>enne</i> (before) is placed before the number of minutes. To express that it is quarter past or quarter to the hour, the words <i>veerand</i> and <i>pool</i> (half) are used respectively. </p>
Answering the time:
* Mul on viis minutit üle ühe. (I have five minutes past one.)
* Mul on kolmveerand viis. (I have a quarter to five.)
* Mul on pool kaksteist. (I have half past eleven.)


==Parts of the Day==
=== Example 3 ===


<p>The parts of the day are expressed in Estonian by the following words:</p>
Asking the time:
* Mis kell on? (What time is it?)


<ul>
Answering the time:
  <li><b>hommik</b> – morning</li>
* Kell on kolmteist minutit üle kümne. (It is thirteen minutes past ten.)
  <li><b>lõuna</b> – noon</li>
* Kell on kakskümmend minutit kaheksa. (It is twenty minutes to eight.)
  <li><b>päev</b> – day</li>
* Kell on viis minutit üle kahe. (It is five minutes past two.)
  <li><b>õhtu</b> – evening</li>
  <li><b>öö</b> – night</li>
</ul>


<p>To express the time of the day, the word <i>kell</i> (clock) is followed by the number for the hour and the word for the part of the day. The two parts are separated by the word <i>ja</i> (and). </p>
Remember to practice asking and answering questions about the time with your classmates or language exchange partners to improve your fluency and confidence.


<p><b>Example:</b></p>
== Cultural Insight ==


<table class="wikitable">
In Estonia, punctuality is highly valued. Estonians are known for being precise and efficient in their daily lives, and being on time is considered a sign of respect. It is important to be mindful of this cultural expectation and make an effort to arrive at appointments or meetings on time.
  <tr>
    <th>Standard Estonian</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on seitse hommikul</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn sei̯tsɛ homːikuɫ]</td>
    <td>It is seven in the morning</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on kolm päeval</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn kɔɫm päɛvaɫ]</td>
    <td>It is three in the afternoon</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on kuus õhtul</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn kuus ɤhtuɫ]</td>
    <td>It is six in the evening</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kell on kaks öösel</td>
    <td>[kɛɫ ɔn ka̯ks øːsɛɫ]</td>
    <td>It is two in the night</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p><b>Exercise:</b></p>
Additionally, it's worth noting that Estonians often use the 24-hour clock system in formal or professional settings. This means that instead of saying "kaks hommikul" (two in the morning), they would say "kell kaks" (at two o'clock). However, in casual conversations or everyday situations, the 12-hour clock system is more commonly used.


<p>Practice asking and answering questions about the time with your teacher or your fellow students. Use the examples above as a guide.</p>
== Exercises ==


<p><b>Example:</b></p>
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned.


<table class="wikitable">
=== Exercise 1 ===
  <tr>
    <th>Question</th>
    <th>Answer</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Mis kell on?</td>
    <td>Kell on viis minutit üle kaheksa</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>What time is it?</td>
    <td>It is five minutes past eight</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>In Estonian, you can also ask "Palju kell on?" which literally means "How much is the clock?" to ask for the time. The answer would be given in the same way as before.</p>
Translate the following time expressions from English to Estonian:


==Conclusion==
* 9:30 am
* 4:45 pm
* 7:20 pm
* 12:15 pm


<p>In this lesson, you have learned how to tell time in Estonian. You should now be able to express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day in Estonian, as well as asking and answering questions about the time. </p>
Solution:
* 9:30 am - kell üheksa kolmkümmend hommikul
* 4:45 pm - kell viis minutit üle viie õhtul
* 7:20 pm - kell kakskümmend minutit üle seitsme õhtul
* 12:15 pm - kell viisteist minutit üle kaheteistkümne päeval


=== Exercise 2 ===
Answer the following questions in Estonian:
* Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on viis minutit vähem kui kümme?
* Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on kolmveerand üks?
* Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on pool kuus õhtul?
Solution:
* Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on viis minutit vähem kui kümme? - Mul on viis minutit vähem kui kümme.
* Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on kolmveerand üks? - Mul on kolmveerand üks.
* Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on pool kuus õhtul? - Mul on pool kuus õhtul.
== Conclusion ==
Congratulations! You have now learned how to tell time in Estonian. You can confidently express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day using the vocabulary and grammar structures covered in this lesson. Make sure to practice what you have learned in real-life situations to further improve your skills.
In the next lesson, we will continue to expand our vocabulary and explore the topic of verbs and tenses in Estonian. See you there!


<span link>Upon wrapping up this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Daily-Routine|Daily Routine]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Time|Time]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
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|title=Standard Estonian Vocabulary → Numbers and Time → Telling Time
|keywords=Estonian, Vocabulary, Numbers and Time, Telling Time, Estonian clock, Estonian parts of the day
|keywords=Estonian, language, numbers, time, telling time, vocabulary, parts of the day, hours, minutes, cultural insight, exercises
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Estonian, including how to express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day. You will also practice asking and answering questions about the time.}}
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Estonian, including how to express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day. Practice asking and answering questions about the time.
}}


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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Work-and-Professions|Work and Professions]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Work-and-Professions|Work and Professions]]


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Revision as of 16:58, 20 June 2023

◀️ Noun Cases — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-100 ▶️

Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard Estonian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Numbers and Time → Telling Time

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on telling time in Estonian! In this lesson, we will learn how to express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day in Estonian. Telling time is an essential skill for everyday communication, and it allows you to schedule appointments, catch trains, and meet up with friends. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently ask and answer questions about the time in Estonian.

Telling time in Estonian is relatively straightforward, but it does require some knowledge of numbers and basic vocabulary. If you haven't already done so, make sure to check out the previous lesson on "Numbers 1-100" to familiarize yourself with the Estonian number system. This will greatly help you in understanding and expressing time.

In this lesson, we will start by reviewing the vocabulary for different parts of the day and then move on to expressing specific times using hours and minutes. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage of time expressions and share interesting cultural facts related to telling time in Estonia. Finally, we will practice what we have learned through various exercises and scenarios.

So let's dive in and learn how to tell time in Estonian!

Parts of the Day

Before we can start expressing specific times, let's first review the vocabulary for different parts of the day in Estonian. Knowing these terms will help us understand and communicate time expressions more effectively.

Here are the main parts of the day in Estonian:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
hommik hoh-mik morning
lõuna luh-nah noon
pärastlõuna pah-rahst-luh-nah afternoon
õhtu ooht-oo evening
öö oo night

Now that we have familiarized ourselves with the parts of the day, let's move on to expressing specific times.

Expressing Hours

To express hours in Estonian, we use the numbers from 1 to 12 followed by the word "tund" (hour). Here are the numbers in Estonian:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
üks yks one
kaks kahks two
kolm kohlm three
neli neh-lee four
viis vees five
kuus kohs six
seitse sait-seh seven
kaheksa kah-hek-sah eight
üheksa yeh-khek-sah nine
kümme kuhm-meh ten
üksteist yks-tayst eleven
kaksteist kahk-stayst twelve

To express a specific hour, we simply combine the corresponding number with the word "tund." For example:

  • üks tund (one hour)
  • kolm tundi (three hours)
  • kaheksa tundi (eight hours)

When the hour is exactly on the hour, we can omit the word "tund" and simply state the number. For example:

  • kaks (two o'clock)
  • seitse (seven o'clock)

It's important to note that Estonians use a 12-hour clock system, so it's common to hear expressions like "kaks hommikul" (two in the morning) or "seitse õhtul" (seven in the evening) to specify the part of the day along with the hour.

Expressing Minutes

To express minutes in Estonian, we use the numbers from 1 to 60 followed by the word "minut" (minute). Here are the numbers in Estonian:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
üks yks one
kaks kahks two
kolm kohlm three
neli neh-lee four
viis vees five
kuus kohs six
seitse sait-seh seven
kaheksa kah-hek-sah eight
üheksa yeh-khek-sah nine
kümme kuhm-meh ten
üksteist yks-tayst eleven
kaksteist kahk-stayst twelve
kolmteist kohlm-tayst thirteen
neliteist neh-lee-tayst fourteen
viisteist vees-tayst fifteen
kuusteist kohs-tayst sixteen
seitseteist sait-seh-tayst seventeen
kaheksateist kah-hek-sah-tayst eighteen
üheksateist yeh-khek-sah-tayst nineteen
kakskümmend kahks-kuhm-mehnd twenty
kakskümmend üks kahks-kuhm-mehnd yks twenty-one
kakskümmend kaks kahks-kuhm-mehnd kahks twenty-two
kolmkümmend kohlm-kuhm-mehnd thirty
nelikümmend neh-lee-kuhm-mehnd forty
viiskümmend vees-kuhm-mehnd fifty
kuuskümmend kohs-kuhm-mehnd sixty

To express a specific number of minutes, we simply combine the corresponding number with the word "minut." For example:

  • kümme minutit (ten minutes)
  • kakskümmend viis minutit (twenty-five minutes)

When the minute is exactly on the hour, we can omit the word "minut" and simply state the number. For example:

  • viis (five minutes past)
  • kolmkümmend (thirty minutes past)

To express minutes before the hour, we use the word "vähem" (less) followed by the number of minutes. For example:

  • viis minutit vähem (five minutes to)
  • kolmkümmend minutit vähem (thirty minutes to)

Telling Time in Practice

Now that we have learned how to express hours and minutes in Estonian, let's practice asking and answering questions about the time. Here are some examples:

Example 1

Asking the time:

  • Mis aeg on? (What time is it?)

Answering the time:

  • Kell on üks. (It is one o'clock.)
  • Kell on kaks. (It is two o'clock.)
  • Kell on kolm. (It is three o'clock.)

Example 2

Asking the time:

  • Mis aeg sul on? (What time do you have?)

Answering the time:

  • Mul on viis minutit üle ühe. (I have five minutes past one.)
  • Mul on kolmveerand viis. (I have a quarter to five.)
  • Mul on pool kaksteist. (I have half past eleven.)

Example 3

Asking the time:

  • Mis kell on? (What time is it?)

Answering the time:

  • Kell on kolmteist minutit üle kümne. (It is thirteen minutes past ten.)
  • Kell on kakskümmend minutit kaheksa. (It is twenty minutes to eight.)
  • Kell on viis minutit üle kahe. (It is five minutes past two.)

Remember to practice asking and answering questions about the time with your classmates or language exchange partners to improve your fluency and confidence.

Cultural Insight

In Estonia, punctuality is highly valued. Estonians are known for being precise and efficient in their daily lives, and being on time is considered a sign of respect. It is important to be mindful of this cultural expectation and make an effort to arrive at appointments or meetings on time.

Additionally, it's worth noting that Estonians often use the 24-hour clock system in formal or professional settings. This means that instead of saying "kaks hommikul" (two in the morning), they would say "kell kaks" (at two o'clock). However, in casual conversations or everyday situations, the 12-hour clock system is more commonly used.

Exercises

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned.

Exercise 1

Translate the following time expressions from English to Estonian:

  • 9:30 am
  • 4:45 pm
  • 7:20 pm
  • 12:15 pm

Solution:

  • 9:30 am - kell üheksa kolmkümmend hommikul
  • 4:45 pm - kell viis minutit üle viie õhtul
  • 7:20 pm - kell kakskümmend minutit üle seitsme õhtul
  • 12:15 pm - kell viisteist minutit üle kaheteistkümne päeval

Exercise 2

Answer the following questions in Estonian:

  • Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on viis minutit vähem kui kümme?
  • Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on kolmveerand üks?
  • Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on pool kuus õhtul?

Solution:

  • Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on viis minutit vähem kui kümme? - Mul on viis minutit vähem kui kümme.
  • Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on kolmveerand üks? - Mul on kolmveerand üks.
  • Mis aeg sul on, kui kell on pool kuus õhtul? - Mul on pool kuus õhtul.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have now learned how to tell time in Estonian. You can confidently express hours, minutes, and different parts of the day using the vocabulary and grammar structures covered in this lesson. Make sure to practice what you have learned in real-life situations to further improve your skills.

In the next lesson, we will continue to expand our vocabulary and explore the topic of verbs and tenses in Estonian. See you there!

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions



Other Lessons



◀️ Noun Cases — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-100 ▶️

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