Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Plurals"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Polish Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Polish Grammar - Plurals</div>


Welcome to the world of Polish plurals! Learning how to form plurals in Polish is an important part of mastering the language. In this lesson, we'll look at the rules for forming plurals in Polish and how to use them in everyday conversation.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/polish Polish] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals in Polish. The Polish language has seven different cases, and it is important to understand the rules of forming plurals for each case. Let's dive into it!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Overview ==
== Basic Rules for Forming Plurals ==


In Polish, nouns can be singular or plural. The plural form of a noun is used when there is more than one of something. For example, if you are talking about two cats, you would use the plural form of the word "cat".
In Polish, most nouns follow a set of basic rules for forming plurals. The endings of the nouns change to reflect the number of items or people being referred to. Here are some examples:


In Polish, the plural form of a noun is usually formed by adding a suffix to the end of the word. The suffixes used depend on the gender of the noun.
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dziewczyna || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah || girl(s)
|-
| chłopak || hwaw-pahk || boy(s)
|-
| książka || kshawn-zh-kah || book(s)
|-
| stół || stoow || table(s)
|-
| rower || roh-vehrr || bicycle(s)
|-
| miasto || myah-staw || city(-ies)
|-
| ulica || ool-eet-sah || street(s)
|}


== Masculine Nouns ==
There are different rules for forming plurals for masculine and feminine nouns in Polish. In general, for masculine nouns ending in a consonant, the ending -i is added in the nominative plural. For feminine nouns ending in -a, the -a is replaced with -i in the nominative plural. Nouns ending in -o or -e may change to -a or -y in the nominative plural.


Masculine nouns in Polish usually take the suffix "-e" to form the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "cat" is "kot", and the plural form is "koty".
Note that some nouns have irregular plurals and must be learned individually. For example:


There are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the plural form of the word "pies" (dog) is "psy".
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dziecko || dyeh-t's-koh || child(-ren)  
|-
| koń || kohn || horse(s)
|-
| drzewo || d'zheh-voh || tree(s)
|-
| zamek || zah-mehk || castle(s)
|-
| ręka || rehn-kah || hand(s)
|}


== Feminine Nouns ==
Learning these exceptions takes time and a lot of practice.


Feminine nouns in Polish usually take the suffix "-y" to form the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "girl" is "dziewczyna", and the plural form is "dziewczyny".
== Plurals in Different Cases ==


There are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the plural form of the word "matka" (mother) is "matki".  
In Polish, each noun has seven different cases. The declension of a noun can affect the way the plural is formed. Here are examples of plural forms in different cases:


== Neuter Nouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dziewczyna || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah || Nominative: girl(s)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dziewczyny || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih || Genitive: of girl(s)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dziewczynom || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nuhm || Dative: to/for girl(s)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dziewczyny || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih || Accusative: girl(s)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dziewczynami || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah-mee || Instrumental: with girl(s)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| o dziewczynach || oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh || Locative: about girl(s)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| o dziewczynach || oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh || Vocative: O girl(s)
|}


Neuter nouns in Polish usually take the suffix "-a" to form the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "house" is "dom", and the plural form is "domy".  
As you can see, the endings of the nouns change according to the cases in the above examples. Therefore, it is important to memorize the nouns in different cases and practice them.


There are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the plural form of the word "okno" (window) is "okna".
== Special Cases ==


== Irregular Nouns ==
In some cases, the plural in Polish does not follow a regular pattern. Here are some examples:


Some nouns in Polish have irregular plural forms. These nouns do not follow the rules outlined above. For example, the plural form of the word "dziecko" (child) is "dzieci".  
1. Plurals of foreign words - In the case of nouns that are borrowed from other languages, the plural is often formed by adding -y or -i, depending on the noun.


It is important to learn the irregular plural forms of nouns as they are commonly used in everyday conversation.
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| hotel || hoh-tehl || hotel(s)
|-
| hoteliki || hoh-teh-lee-kee || little hotel(s)
|-
| szef || shef || boss(es)
|-
| szefowie || sheh-foh-vee-eh || bosses
|}


== Conclusion ==
2. Plurals of shortened words - When a noun is shortened or clipped, its plural can be formed by adding -y, -i or -owie, depending on the noun.


Forming plurals in Polish is not difficult once you understand the rules. With practice, you will soon be able to form plurals with ease.  
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| fura || foo-rah || van(s) [short for furgonetka]
|-
| furki || foo-rkee || vans [pl. of furgonetki]
|-
| róg || roog || corner(s)
|-
| rogi || roh-ghee || corners
|-
| student || stoo-dehnt || student(s)
|-
| studenci || stoo-dehnt-see || students
|}


If you want to practice your Polish grammar, why not join the [https://PolyglotClub.com Polyglot Club] community? You can find other Polish learners to practice with and get feedback from native speakers.
== Practice Makes Perfect! ==


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
The best way to learn how to form plurals in Polish is to practice, practice, practice! Listen to Polish music, watch movies in Polish, and read Polish texts to become more familiar with how words are changed to express different meanings.  


To improve your [[Language/Polish|Polish]] [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=96 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/polish/question questions]!


== Dialogue ==


==Videos==
* Person 1: Ile penków masz w swoim pokoju? (How many pens do you have in your room?)
* Person 2: Mam pięć długopisów i trzy ołówki. (I have five pens and three pencils.)


===Polish for beginners. Lesson 13. Plural nouns - YouTube===
* Person 1: Gdzie są twoje książki? (Where are your books?)
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSbkWg9iAoY</youtube>
* Person 2: Na półce w pokoju. (On the shelf in the room.)


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_grammar Polish grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language Polish language]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|title=Polish Grammar - Plurals
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]
|keywords=Polish, grammar, plurals, rules, cases, examples
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals in Polish. The Polish language has seven different cases, and it is important to understand the rules of forming plurals for each case.
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
}}
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/mieć-to-have|mieć to have]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-Polish|Indefinite Articles in Polish]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/być-to-be|być to be]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]


{{Polish-Page-Bottom}}
{{Polish-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 22:05, 4 March 2023

Poland-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png


Polish Grammar - Plurals

Hi Polish learners! 😊
In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals in Polish. The Polish language has seven different cases, and it is important to understand the rules of forming plurals for each case. Let's dive into it!

Basic Rules for Forming Plurals

In Polish, most nouns follow a set of basic rules for forming plurals. The endings of the nouns change to reflect the number of items or people being referred to. Here are some examples:

Polish Pronunciation English
dziewczyna dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah girl(s)
chłopak hwaw-pahk boy(s)
książka kshawn-zh-kah book(s)
stół stoow table(s)
rower roh-vehrr bicycle(s)
miasto myah-staw city(-ies)
ulica ool-eet-sah street(s)

There are different rules for forming plurals for masculine and feminine nouns in Polish. In general, for masculine nouns ending in a consonant, the ending -i is added in the nominative plural. For feminine nouns ending in -a, the -a is replaced with -i in the nominative plural. Nouns ending in -o or -e may change to -a or -y in the nominative plural.

Note that some nouns have irregular plurals and must be learned individually. For example:

Polish Pronunciation English
dziecko dyeh-t's-koh child(-ren)
koń kohn horse(s)
drzewo d'zheh-voh tree(s)
zamek zah-mehk castle(s)
ręka rehn-kah hand(s)

Learning these exceptions takes time and a lot of practice.

Plurals in Different Cases

In Polish, each noun has seven different cases. The declension of a noun can affect the way the plural is formed. Here are examples of plural forms in different cases:

Polish Pronunciation English
dziewczyna dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah Nominative: girl(s)
Polish Pronunciation English
dziewczyny dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih Genitive: of girl(s)
Polish Pronunciation English
dziewczynom dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nuhm Dative: to/for girl(s)
Polish Pronunciation English
dziewczyny dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih Accusative: girl(s)
Polish Pronunciation English
dziewczynami dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah-mee Instrumental: with girl(s)
Polish Pronunciation English
o dziewczynach oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh Locative: about girl(s)
Polish Pronunciation English
o dziewczynach oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh Vocative: O girl(s)

As you can see, the endings of the nouns change according to the cases in the above examples. Therefore, it is important to memorize the nouns in different cases and practice them.

Special Cases

In some cases, the plural in Polish does not follow a regular pattern. Here are some examples:

1. Plurals of foreign words - In the case of nouns that are borrowed from other languages, the plural is often formed by adding -y or -i, depending on the noun.

Polish Pronunciation English
hotel hoh-tehl hotel(s)
hoteliki hoh-teh-lee-kee little hotel(s)
szef shef boss(es)
szefowie sheh-foh-vee-eh bosses

2. Plurals of shortened words - When a noun is shortened or clipped, its plural can be formed by adding -y, -i or -owie, depending on the noun.

Polish Pronunciation English
fura foo-rah van(s) [short for furgonetka]
furki foo-rkee vans [pl. of furgonetki]
róg roog corner(s)
rogi roh-ghee corners
student stoo-dehnt student(s)
studenci stoo-dehnt-see students

Practice Makes Perfect!

The best way to learn how to form plurals in Polish is to practice, practice, practice! Listen to Polish music, watch movies in Polish, and read Polish texts to become more familiar with how words are changed to express different meanings.

To improve your Polish Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Dialogue

  • Person 1: Ile penków masz w swoim pokoju? (How many pens do you have in your room?)
  • Person 2: Mam pięć długopisów i trzy ołówki. (I have five pens and three pencils.)
  • Person 1: Gdzie są twoje książki? (Where are your books?)
  • Person 2: Na półce w pokoju. (On the shelf in the room.)

Sources


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