Difference between revisions of "Language/Iranian-persian/Pronunciation/Farsi-vs-Arabic"

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Line 22: Line 22:
|ʾalef
|ʾalef
|ا
|ا
|In both, but pronounced in Persian like o in  American Bob, and in Arabic  like ar in the  British car
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|be
|be
Line 38: Line 38:
|se
|se
|ث
|ث
|In both, pronounced s in Persian,  but th in MSA  (although s in  several dialects)
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|jim
|jim
Line 50: Line 50:
|haa-ye jimi
|haa-ye jimi
|ح
|ح
|In both, pronounced  as a hard H in Arabic,  but a soft h in  Persian (same as ه)
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|khe
|khe
Line 62: Line 62:
|zaal
|zaal
|ذ
|ذ
|In both, pronounced dh in Arabic,  but as z in  Persian (same as ز). In colloquial Arabic this is often pronounced z
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|re
|re
Line 74: Line 74:
|zhe
|zhe
|ژ
|ژ
|Persian only,  pronounced like g in  French rouge
|Persian only
|-
|-
|sin
|sin
Line 86: Line 86:
|saad
|saad
|ص
|ص
|In both, pronounced s in Persian,  but as hard S in  Arabic
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|zaad
|zaad
|ض
|ض
|In both, pronounced  as hard D in Arabic, but as z in Persian  (same as ز)
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|taa
|taa
|ط
|ط
|In both, pronounced  as hard T in Arabic, but as regular t in  Persian (same as ت)
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|zaa
|zaa
|ظ
|ظ
|In both, pronounced  as hard DH in Arabic,  but as z in Persian  (same as ز)
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|ʿayn
|ʿayn
|ع
|ع
|In both, in Arabic  pronounced as guttural back-of-throat sound, and in Persian as a glottal  stop (same as ء)
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|ghayn
|ghayn
Line 114: Line 114:
|qaff
|qaff
|ق
|ق
|In both, pronounced q in Arabic,  but gh in Persian  (same as غ)
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|kaaf
|kaaf
Line 138: Line 138:
|vaav
|vaav
|و
|و
|In both, pronounced v in Persian  vs w in Arabic
|In both, but pronunciation is different
|-
|-
|haa-ye  do-cheshme
|haa-ye  do-cheshme

Revision as of 20:54, 25 January 2023

Persian is written with the letters of the Arabic alphabet and from right to left like Arabic, but the language remains very different from Arabic.

Persian is an Indo-European language, therefore from the same family as most European languages (including French). Arabic is a Semitic language, from the same family as Hebrew, Aramaic and Amharic (Ethiopia).

However Persian has been adopting a large number of loanwords from Arabic.

We can compare the situation to English, which has adopted a large number of French words, while remaining a Germanic language.

Note that modern Persian is written in the Arabic alphabet, with a few small adaptations.

Persian VS Arabic letters

Here are all the letters of the Persian and Arabic alphabets. Every letter in Arabic exists in Persian, but Persian has four additional letters, shown below:

Name (Persian) Letter (isolated) Arabic/Persian
hamze ء In both
ʾalef ا In both, but pronunciation is different
be ب In both
pe پ Persian only, pronounced p
te ت In both
se ث In both, but pronunciation is different
jim ج In both
che چ Persian only, pronounced ch
haa-ye jimi ح In both, but pronunciation is different
khe خ In both
daal د In both
zaal ذ In both, but pronunciation is different
re ر In both
ze ز In both
zhe ژ Persian only
sin س In both
shin ش In both
saad ص In both, but pronunciation is different
zaad ض In both, but pronunciation is different
taa ط In both, but pronunciation is different
zaa ظ In both, but pronunciation is different
ʿayn ع In both, but pronunciation is different
ghayn غ In both
fe ف In both
qaff ق In both, but pronunciation is different
kaaf ک In both
gaaf گ Persian only, pronounced g
laam ل In both
mim م In both
nun ن In both
vaav و In both, but pronunciation is different
haa-ye do-cheshme ه In both
ye ی In both
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