Language/Iranian-persian/Pronunciation/Farsi-vs-Arabic

Persian is written with the letters of the Arabic alphabet and from right to left like Arabic, but the language remains very different from Arabic.

Persian is an Indo-European language, therefore from the same family as most European languages (including French). Arabic is a Semitic language, from the same family as Hebrew, Aramaic and Amharic (Ethiopia).

However Persian has been adopting a large number of loanwords from Arabic.

We can compare the situation to English, which has adopted a large number of French words, while remaining a Germanic language.

Note that modern Persian is written in the Arabic alphabet, with a few small adaptations.

Persian VS Arabic letters

Here are all the letters of the Persian and Arabic alphabets. Every letter in Arabic exists in Persian, but Persian has four additional letters, shown below:

Name (Persian)	Letter (isolated)	Arabic/Persian
hamze	ء	In both
ʾalef	ا	In both, but pronounced in Persian like o in American Bob, and in Arabic like ar in the British car
be	ب	In both
pe	پ	Persian only, pronounced p
te	ت	In both
se	ث	In both, pronounced s in Persian, but th in MSA (although s in several dialects)
jim	ج	In both
che	چ	Persian only, pronounced ch
haa-ye jimi	ح	In both, pronounced as a hard H in Arabic, but a soft h in Persian (same as ه)
khe	خ	In both
daal	د	In both
zaal	ذ	In both, pronounced dh in Arabic, but as z in Persian (same as ز). In colloquial Arabic this is often pronounced z
re	ر	In both
ze	ز	In both
zhe	ژ	Persian only, pronounced like g in French rouge
sin	س	In both
shin	ش	In both
saad	ص	In both, pronounced s in Persian, but as hard S in Arabic
zaad	ض	In both, pronounced as hard D in Arabic, but as z in Persian (same as ز)
taa	ط	In both, pronounced as hard T in Arabic, but as regular t in Persian (same as ت)
zaa	ظ	In both, pronounced as hard DH in Arabic, but as z in Persian (same as ز)
ʿayn	ع	In both, in Arabic pronounced as guttural back-of-throat sound, and in Persian as a glottal stop (same as ء)
ghayn	غ	In both
fe	ف	In both
qaff	ق	In both, pronounced q in Arabic, but gh in Persian (same as غ)
kaaf	ک	In both
gaaf	گ	Persian only, pronounced g
laam	ل	In both
mim	م	In both
nun	ن	In both
vaav	و	In both, pronounced v in Persian vs w in Arabic
haa-ye do-cheshme	ه	In both
ye	ی	In both

• Source: https://discoverdiscomfort.com/farsi-persian-vs-arabic-similarities-and-differences/