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{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Top}}
{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Grammar → Intermediate Structures → Conditional Sentences</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Grammar → Conditional Sentences</div>
 
Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Malay (individual language) Course"! Today, we're diving into the fascinating world of '''conditional sentences''' in Malay. Conditional sentences are essential because they allow us to express possibilities, hypotheses, and scenarios. They help us talk about what might happen if certain conditions are met, making our conversations richer and more interesting!
 
In this lesson, we'll explore:
 
* What conditional sentences are
 
* The different types of conditional sentences in Malay
 
* How to form and use them correctly
 
* A variety of examples to illustrate each point
 
So, grab your notebook, and let's get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What are Conditional Sentences? ===
 
Conditional sentences express a condition and its result. In Malay, these sentences often follow a structure similar to English, and they can be used in various contexts.


In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of Malay conditional sentences. Understanding how to form and use conditional sentences is crucial for effective communication in Malay. Conditional sentences allow us to express hypothetical situations, make predictions, give advice, and discuss possibilities. By mastering this grammar structure, you will be able to express yourself more accurately and confidently in Malay.
'''Types of Conditional Sentences:'''


Throughout this lesson, we will explore the different types of conditional sentences, their formation, and their usage. We will also provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. To make your learning experience more engaging, we will incorporate cultural information and interesting facts about the Malay language and its usage in different regions.  
1. '''Real Conditionals''': These express real possibilities.


Let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Malay conditional sentences!
2. '''Unreal Conditionals''': These refer to hypothetical situations that are not true.


3. '''Mixed Conditionals''': These combine elements of both real and unreal conditionals.


== Type 1: Real Present Conditionals ==
=== Real Conditionals ===


Type 1 conditional sentences express real or possible situations in the present. They are used to talk about things that are likely to happen if a certain condition is fulfilled. In Malay, Type 1 conditional sentences are formed using the word "jika" (if) and the present tense.
Real conditionals are used when the condition is possible and likely to occur. The structure typically follows:


Here is the general structure of a Type 1 conditional sentence in Malay:
''If + condition + result''.


"If + subject + present tense, subject + present tense."
In Malay, this can be expressed as:


For example:
''Jika + condition + result''.
 
Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Jika saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah. || Jika saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah. || If I go to the market, I will buy fruits.
 
| Jika hujan, saya akan tinggal di rumah. || /ˈdʒikə huˈdʒan, ˈsaja ˈakan ˈtiŋɡal di ˈrumah/ || If it rains, I will stay home.
 
|-
|-
| Jika kamu belajar dengan rajin, kamu akan lulus ujian. || Jika kamu belajar dengan rajin, kamu akan lulus ujian. || If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
 
|-
| Jika saya mempunyai masa, saya akan membantu. || /ˈdʒikə ˈsaja məmˈpunyai ˈmasa, ˈsaja ˈakan məmˈbantu/ || If I have time, I will help.
| Jika dia datang ke pesta, dia akan bertemu dengan teman-temannya. || Jika dia datang ke pesta, dia akan bertemu dengan teman-temannya. || If she comes to the party, she will meet her friends.
 
|-
|-
| Jika kita tidak terlambat, kita akan menonton film. || Jika kita tidak terlambat, kita akan menonton film. || If we are not late, we will watch a movie.
|}


In Type 1 conditional sentences, the "jika" (if) clause is followed by a comma, and the main clause comes after it. Both clauses are in the present tense. It's important to note that in Malay, there is no distinction between the future tense and the present tense when it comes to conditional sentences. Both tenses can be used interchangeably.
| Jika dia datang, kita akan mula. || /ˈdʒikə ˈdiə ˈdatang, ˈkitə ˈakan ˈmula/ || If he/she comes, we will start.


Now, let's explore some cultural information related to Type 1 conditional sentences in Malay.
|-


| Jika mereka bersetuju, kita boleh pergi. || /ˈdʒikə məˈrɛka bərsəˈtuːdʒu, ˈkitə ˈboleh ˈpərɡi/ || If they agree, we can go.


== Cultural Insight: Malay Hospitality and Invitations ==
|-


In Malay culture, hospitality is highly valued. It is common for Malays to invite others to their homes or events. When extending an invitation, Malays often use conditional sentences to express their intentions. For example, if a Malay friend says, "Jika kamu datang ke rumah saya, saya akan masak makanan khas" (If you come to my house, I will cook a traditional meal), it is a sincere invitation that expects a positive response.
| Jika awak belajar, anda akan lulus. || /ˈdʒikə ˈawak bəˈlajar, ˈanda ˈakan ˈlulus/ || If you study, you will pass.


This cultural practice of using conditional sentences in invitations reflects the Malay value of inclusiveness and the desire to make others feel welcome. Malays believe in the importance of building strong social connections and fostering a sense of community. So, don't be surprised if you receive an invitation in the form of a conditional sentence during your interactions with Malays. It's their way of expressing warmth and hospitality.
|}


Now that we have explored the cultural aspect of Type 1 conditional sentences, let's move on to Type 2 conditional sentences.
=== Unreal Conditionals ===


Unreal conditionals describe situations that are hypothetically possible but are not true. They often use the past tense to indicate that the condition is unlikely or impossible.


== Type 2: Unreal Present Conditionals ==
The structure here is:


Type 2 conditional sentences express unreal or hypothetical situations in the present. They are used to talk about things that are unlikely to happen or contrary to reality. In Malay, Type 2 conditional sentences are formed using the word "jika" (if) and the past tense.
''If + past tense condition + result''.


Here is the general structure of a Type 2 conditional sentence in Malay:
In Malay, this can be expressed as:


"If + subject + past tense, subject + present tense."
''Sekiranya + condition (past tense) + result''.


For example:
Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Jika saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah. || Jika saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah. || If I went to the market, I would buy fruits.
 
| Sekiranya saya mempunyai sayap, saya akan terbang. || /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈsaja məmˈpunyai ˈsɑjap, ˈsaja ˈakan tərˈbaŋ/ || If I had wings, I would fly.
 
|-
|-
| Jika kamu belajar dengan rajin, kamu akan lulus ujian. || Jika kamu belajar dengan rajin, kamu akan lulus ujian. || If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
 
| Sekiranya dia tahu, dia akan membantu. || /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈdiə ˈtahu, ˈdiə ˈakan məmˈbantu/ || If he/she knew, he/she would help.
 
|-
|-
| Jika dia datang ke pesta, dia akan bertemu dengan teman-temannya. || Jika dia datang ke pesta, dia akan bertemu dengan teman-temannya. || If she came to the party, she would meet her friends.
 
| Sekiranya mereka datang lebih awal, kita sudah siap. || /səˈkiːrɪnjə məˈrɛka ˈdatang ləˈbih ˈawal, ˈkitə ˈsudah ˈsiap/ || If they had come earlier, we would have been ready.
 
|-
|-
| Jika kita tidak terlambat, kita akan menonton film. || Jika kita tidak terlambat, kita akan menonton film. || If we were not late, we would watch a movie.
|}


In Type 2 conditional sentences, the "jika" (if) clause is followed by a comma, and the main clause comes after it. The "jika" clause is in the past tense, while the main clause remains in the present tense. This structure indicates that the condition is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen.
| Sekiranya awak tidak berasa sakit, kita boleh pergi. || /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈawak tiˈdak bərˈasa ˈsakit, ˈkitə ˈboleh ˈpərɡi/ || If you weren't feeling sick, we could go.


Let's now explore an interesting cultural fact related to Type 2 conditional sentences in Malay.
|-


| Sekiranya saya menjadi presiden, saya akan melakukan banyak perubahan. || /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈsaja mɛnˈdʒadi ˈprɛzɪdən, ˈsaja ˈakan mɛˈlakukan ˈbanyak pərˈubahan/ || If I were president, I would make many changes.


== Cultural Insight: Malay Folklore and Legends ==
|}


Malaysia is a country rich in folklore and legends. Many of these stories are passed down through generations and often involve mythical creatures and supernatural events. When telling or retelling these stories, Malays may use Type 2 conditional sentences to create a sense of wonder and suspense.
=== Mixed Conditionals ===


For example, a storyteller might say, "Jika seekor harimau lompati sungai itu, dia akan berubah menjadi manusia" (If a tiger were to jump over that river, it would turn into a human). This conditional sentence adds a touch of magic and allows the listener to imagine the extraordinary possibilities within the story.
Mixed conditionals combine aspects of both real and unreal conditionals. They are used to express a condition in one time frame and a result in another.


By incorporating Type 2 conditional sentences, Malays enhance the storytelling experience and captivate their audience. It's a testament to the power of language and its ability to transport us to different realms of imagination.
The structure is:


Now that we have explored the cultural aspect of Type 2 conditional sentences, let's move on to Type 3 conditional sentences.
''If + condition (past) + result (present)''.


In Malay, this can be expressed as:


== Type 3: Unreal Past Conditionals ==
''Jika + condition (past) + result (present)''.


Type 3 conditional sentences express unreal or hypothetical situations in the past. They are used to talk about things that didn't happen or were contrary to reality in the past. In Malay, Type 3 conditional sentences are formed using the word "jika" (if) and the past perfect tense.
Here are some examples:


Here is the general structure of a Type 3 conditional sentence in Malay:
{| class="wikitable"


"If + subject + past perfect tense, subject + past tense."
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English


For example:
|-
 
| Jika saya belajar lebih awal, saya sekarang lulus. || /ˈdʒikə ˈsaja bəˈlajar ləˈbih ˈawal, ˈsaja səˈkarang ˈlulus/ || If I had studied earlier, I would pass now.


{| class="wikitable"
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Jika saya telah pergi ke pasar, saya akan telah membeli buah. || Jika saya telah pergi ke pasar, saya akan telah membeli buah. || If I had gone to the market, I would have bought fruits.
 
| Jika dia tidak pergi, kita sedang menunggu. || /ˈdʒikə ˈdiə tiˈdak ˈpərɡi, ˈkitə ˈsədang mɛnˈunggu/ || If he/she hadn't gone, we would be waiting.
 
|-
|-
| Jika kamu telah belajar dengan rajin, kamu akan telah lulus ujian. || Jika kamu telah belajar dengan rajin, kamu akan telah lulus ujian. || If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.
 
| Jika mereka lebih rajin, mereka akan berjaya hari ini. || /ˈdʒikə məˈrɛka ləˈbih ˈradʒin, məˈrɛka ˈakan bərˈdʒaya ˈhari ˈini/ || If they had worked harder, they would succeed today.
 
|-
|-
| Jika dia telah datang ke pesta, dia akan telah bertemu dengan teman-temannya. || Jika dia telah datang ke pesta, dia akan telah bertemu dengan teman-temannya. || If she had come to the party, she would have met her friends.
 
| Jika awak tidak terjatuh, anda sudah sampai. || /ˈdʒikə ˈawak tiˈdak tərˈdʒatu, ˈanda ˈsudah ˈsampai/ || If you hadn't fallen, you would have arrived.
 
|-
|-
| Jika kita tidak telah terlambat, kita akan telah menonton film. || Jika kita tidak telah terlambat, kita akan telah menonton film. || If we had not been late, we would have watched a movie.
 
| Jika saya berkenalan dengan dia, saya akan lebih memahami. || /ˈdʒikə ˈsaja bərkəˈnalan dənˈɡən ˈdiə, ˈsaja ˈakan ləˈbih pəmˈahami/ || If I had met him/her, I would understand better.
 
|}
|}


In Type 3 conditional sentences, the "jika" (if) clause is followed by a comma, and the main clause comes after it. The "jika" clause is in the past perfect tense, while the main clause is in the past tense. This structure indicates that the condition is contrary to reality or didn't happen in the past.
=== Formation and Usage ===
 
When forming conditional sentences in Malay, remember the following points:
 
* Use '''"jika"''' or '''"sekiranya"''' for "if".
 
* The '''verb tense''' changes based on the reality of the condition.
 
* The '''context''' of the conversation matters; choose the right type of conditional based on what you want to express.
 
'''Key Points to Remember:'''


Let's now explore an interesting cultural fact related to Type 3 conditional sentences in Malay.
* Real conditionals are straightforward and used for possible situations.


* Unreal conditionals involve hypothetical scenarios.


== Cultural Insight: Malay Proverbs and Wisdom ==
* Mixed conditionals connect different time frames, making them more complex.


Malay culture is rich in proverbs and wise sayings that offer guidance and reflect the values of the community. Many of these proverbs use Type 3 conditional sentences to convey a deeper meaning or lesson.
=== Practice Exercises ===


For example, a Malay proverb says, "Jika air susu sejuk, janganlah dituang." (If the milk is cold, don't spill it). This proverb emphasizes the importance of not wasting valuable resources or opportunities. The use of a Type 3 conditional sentence adds a sense of reflection and introspection, encouraging individuals to consider the consequences of their actions.
Now that we've covered the theory, let's jump into some exercises to solidify your understanding of conditional sentences!


By incorporating Type 3 conditional sentences into proverbs, Malays impart wisdom and life lessons to younger generations. These proverbs serve as reminders of the values that shape Malay society and the importance of making thoughtful choices.
1. '''Translate the following sentences into Malay:'''


Now that we have explored the cultural aspect of Type 3 conditional sentences, let's move on to Type 4 conditional sentences.
* If I study, I will pass.


* If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.


== Type 4: Unreal Past Conditionals with Impossible Conditions ==
* If she was here, she would help us.


Type 4 conditional sentences express unreal or hypothetical situations in the past with impossible conditions. They are used to talk about things that were contrary to reality and could never have happened in the past. In Malay, Type 4 conditional sentences are formed using the word "jika" (if) and the past perfect tense with the word "akan" (would) in the main clause.
* If they had known, they would have come earlier.


Here is the general structure of a Type 4 conditional sentence in Malay:
2. '''Complete the sentences with the correct form:'''


"If + subject + past perfect tense, subject + akan + past tense."
* Jika dia (pergi), kita (menunggu).


For example:
* Sekiranya saya (belajar) lebih awal, saya (lulus).


{| class="wikitable"
* Jika kamu (mempunyai) lebih banyak masa, kamu (bantu) lebih banyak orang.
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
3. '''Fill in the blanks with "jika" or "sekiranya":'''
| Jika saya telah pergi ke bulan, saya akan telah menjadi seorang astronaut. || Jika saya telah pergi ke bulan, saya akan telah menjadi seorang astronaut. || If I had gone to the moon, I would have become an astronaut.
 
|-
* _______ saya tahu, saya akan datang.
| Jika kamu telah belajar sepanjang malam, kamu akan telah mengetahui semua jawapan. || Jika kamu telah belajar sepanjang malam, kamu akan telah mengetahui semua jawapan. || If you had studied all night, you would have known all the answers.
 
|-
* _______ hujan, kita tidak dapat bermain.
| Jika dia telah dapat terbang, dia akan telah mencapai bintang. || Jika dia telah dapat terbang, dia akan telah mencapai bintang. || If she had been able to fly, she would have reached the stars.
 
|-
4. '''Transform the sentences from real to unreal conditionals:'''
| Jika kita tidak pernah tidur, kita akan telah selamanya terjaga. || Jika kita tidak pernah tidur, kita akan telah selamanya terjaga. || If we had never slept, we would have been awake forever.
|}


In Type 4 conditional sentences, the "jika" (if) clause is followed by a comma, and the main clause comes after it. The "jika" clause is in the past perfect tense, and the main clause contains the word "akan" (would) followed by the past tense. This structure indicates that the condition is impossible or contrary to reality in the past.
* Jika saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah.


Let's now explore an interesting cultural fact related to Type 4 conditional sentences in Malay.
* Jika dia boleh, dia akan datang.


5. '''Identify which type of conditional sentence is being used:'''


== Cultural Insight: Malay Dreamers and Aspirations ==
* Jika kita berusaha, kita akan berjaya.


Malaysian society values ambition and encourages individuals to dream big. Many Malaysians, especially the younger generation, aspire to achieve great things in their lives. When expressing their dreams and aspirations, Malaysians may use Type 4 conditional sentences to convey the magnitude of their aspirations.
* Sekiranya dia tahu, dia tidak akan marah.


For example, a Malaysian student might say, "Jika saya dapat meraih cita-cita saya, saya akan dapat membantu masyarakat saya" (If I could achieve my dreams, I would be able to help my community). This conditional sentence reflects the hopes and desires of individuals who strive to make a positive impact on their society.
'''Solutions and Explanations:'''


By incorporating Type 4 conditional sentences into their conversations, Malaysians emphasize the importance of perseverance and determination in pursuing one's dreams. These conditional sentences serve as a reminder that impossible conditions should not deter individuals from pursuing their goals.
1. '''Translations:'''


Now that we have explored the cultural aspect of Type 4 conditional sentences, let's move on to some practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.
* Jika saya belajar, saya akan lulus.


* Jika hujan, kita akan membatalkan piknik.


== Practice Exercises ==
* Sekiranya dia di sini, dia akan membantu kami.


1. Complete the following Type 1 conditional sentences in Malay:
* Sekiranya mereka tahu, mereka akan datang lebih awal.


a) Jika dia pergi ke pasar, dia _______________ buah.
2. '''Complete the Sentences:'''
b) Jika kita belajar dengan rajin, kita _______________ ujian.
c) Jika kamu datang ke pesta, kamu _______________ teman-teman kamu.


Solution:
* Jika dia pergi, kita akan menunggu.
a) akan membeli
b) akan lulus
c) akan bertemu dengan


2. Rewrite the following Type 2 conditional sentences in Malay:
* Sekiranya saya belajar lebih awal, saya akan lulus.


a) If I studied harder, I would pass the exam.
* Jika kamu mempunyai lebih banyak masa, kamu akan bantu lebih banyak orang.
b) If he came to the party, he would meet his friends.
c) If we were not late, we would watch a movie.


Solution:
3. '''Fill in the Blanks:'''
a) Jika saya belajar lebih rajin, saya akan lulus ujian.
b) Jika dia datang ke pesta, dia akan bertemu dengan teman-temannya.
c) Jika kita tidak terlambat, kita akan menonton film.


3. Change the following Type 3 conditional sentences to Type 4 conditional sentences in Malay:
* Jika saya tahu, saya akan datang.


a) If I had gone to the market, I would have bought fruits.
* Jika hujan, kita tidak dapat bermain.
b) If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.
c) If she had come to the party, she would have met her friends.


Solution:
4. '''Transforming Sentences:'''
a) Jika saya telah pergi ke pasar, saya akan telah membeli buah.
b) Jika kamu telah belajar dengan rajin, kamu akan telah lulus ujian.
c) Jika dia telah datang ke pesta, dia akan telah bertemu dengan teman-temannya.


Take your time to complete these exercises, and feel free to refer back to the examples and explanations provided.
* Sekiranya saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah.


* Sekiranya dia boleh, dia akan datang.


== Conclusion ==
5. '''Identifying Conditional Types:'''


Congratulations! You have now gained a comprehensive understanding of Malay conditional sentences. You have learned about the different types of conditional sentences, their formation, and their usage. Additionally, you have explored the cultural aspects of conditional sentences in Malay, gaining insights into Malay hospitality, folklore, proverbs, and aspirations.
* Real Conditional


By mastering conditional sentences, you have taken a significant step towards becoming proficient in Malay. These grammar structures will allow you to express yourself more accurately and confidently in a variety of situations. Keep practicing and incorporating conditional sentences into your conversations to solidify your understanding.
* Unreal Conditional


In the next lesson, we will explore another important grammar structure: causative verbs. See you there!
By practicing these exercises, you will gain a solid understanding of how to use conditional sentences in Malay. Remember to incorporate them into your conversations to express conditions and possibilities!


Congratulations on completing this lesson on conditional sentences! Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to use them effortlessly in your conversations.


{{#seo:
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|title=Malay (individual language) Grammar → Intermediate Structures → Conditional Sentences
 
|keywords=Malay grammar, Malay conditional sentences, Malay type 1 conditional sentences, Malay type 2 conditional sentences, Malay type 3 conditional sentences, Malay type 4 conditional sentences
|title=Learn Malay Conditional Sentences
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Malay conditional sentences, including different types, formation, and usage. Explore the cultural insights related to conditional sentences in Malay, and practice with exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
|keywords=Malay conditional sentences, learning Malay, Malay grammar, beginner Malay, conditional statements
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Malay conditional sentences, including different types, formation, and usage. Perfect for English-speaking learners!
 
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Latest revision as of 08:34, 1 August 2024

◀️ Passive Voice — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Causative Verbs ▶️

Malaysia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Malay (individual language) Grammar → Conditional Sentences

Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Malay (individual language) Course"! Today, we're diving into the fascinating world of conditional sentences in Malay. Conditional sentences are essential because they allow us to express possibilities, hypotheses, and scenarios. They help us talk about what might happen if certain conditions are met, making our conversations richer and more interesting!

In this lesson, we'll explore:

  • What conditional sentences are
  • The different types of conditional sentences in Malay
  • How to form and use them correctly
  • A variety of examples to illustrate each point

So, grab your notebook, and let's get started!

What are Conditional Sentences?[edit | edit source]

Conditional sentences express a condition and its result. In Malay, these sentences often follow a structure similar to English, and they can be used in various contexts.

Types of Conditional Sentences:

1. Real Conditionals: These express real possibilities.

2. Unreal Conditionals: These refer to hypothetical situations that are not true.

3. Mixed Conditionals: These combine elements of both real and unreal conditionals.

Real Conditionals[edit | edit source]

Real conditionals are used when the condition is possible and likely to occur. The structure typically follows:

If + condition + result.

In Malay, this can be expressed as:

Jika + condition + result.

Here are some examples:

Malay (individual language) Pronunciation English
Jika hujan, saya akan tinggal di rumah. /ˈdʒikə huˈdʒan, ˈsaja ˈakan ˈtiŋɡal di ˈrumah/ If it rains, I will stay home.
Jika saya mempunyai masa, saya akan membantu. /ˈdʒikə ˈsaja məmˈpunyai ˈmasa, ˈsaja ˈakan məmˈbantu/ If I have time, I will help.
Jika dia datang, kita akan mula. /ˈdʒikə ˈdiə ˈdatang, ˈkitə ˈakan ˈmula/ If he/she comes, we will start.
Jika mereka bersetuju, kita boleh pergi. /ˈdʒikə məˈrɛka bərsəˈtuːdʒu, ˈkitə ˈboleh ˈpərɡi/ If they agree, we can go.
Jika awak belajar, anda akan lulus. /ˈdʒikə ˈawak bəˈlajar, ˈanda ˈakan ˈlulus/ If you study, you will pass.

Unreal Conditionals[edit | edit source]

Unreal conditionals describe situations that are hypothetically possible but are not true. They often use the past tense to indicate that the condition is unlikely or impossible.

The structure here is:

If + past tense condition + result.

In Malay, this can be expressed as:

Sekiranya + condition (past tense) + result.

Here are some examples:

Malay (individual language) Pronunciation English
Sekiranya saya mempunyai sayap, saya akan terbang. /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈsaja məmˈpunyai ˈsɑjap, ˈsaja ˈakan tərˈbaŋ/ If I had wings, I would fly.
Sekiranya dia tahu, dia akan membantu. /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈdiə ˈtahu, ˈdiə ˈakan məmˈbantu/ If he/she knew, he/she would help.
Sekiranya mereka datang lebih awal, kita sudah siap. /səˈkiːrɪnjə məˈrɛka ˈdatang ləˈbih ˈawal, ˈkitə ˈsudah ˈsiap/ If they had come earlier, we would have been ready.
Sekiranya awak tidak berasa sakit, kita boleh pergi. /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈawak tiˈdak bərˈasa ˈsakit, ˈkitə ˈboleh ˈpərɡi/ If you weren't feeling sick, we could go.
Sekiranya saya menjadi presiden, saya akan melakukan banyak perubahan. /səˈkiːrɪnjə ˈsaja mɛnˈdʒadi ˈprɛzɪdən, ˈsaja ˈakan mɛˈlakukan ˈbanyak pərˈubahan/ If I were president, I would make many changes.

Mixed Conditionals[edit | edit source]

Mixed conditionals combine aspects of both real and unreal conditionals. They are used to express a condition in one time frame and a result in another.

The structure is:

If + condition (past) + result (present).

In Malay, this can be expressed as:

Jika + condition (past) + result (present).

Here are some examples:

Malay (individual language) Pronunciation English
Jika saya belajar lebih awal, saya sekarang lulus. /ˈdʒikə ˈsaja bəˈlajar ləˈbih ˈawal, ˈsaja səˈkarang ˈlulus/ If I had studied earlier, I would pass now.
Jika dia tidak pergi, kita sedang menunggu. /ˈdʒikə ˈdiə tiˈdak ˈpərɡi, ˈkitə ˈsədang mɛnˈunggu/ If he/she hadn't gone, we would be waiting.
Jika mereka lebih rajin, mereka akan berjaya hari ini. /ˈdʒikə məˈrɛka ləˈbih ˈradʒin, məˈrɛka ˈakan bərˈdʒaya ˈhari ˈini/ If they had worked harder, they would succeed today.
Jika awak tidak terjatuh, anda sudah sampai. /ˈdʒikə ˈawak tiˈdak tərˈdʒatu, ˈanda ˈsudah ˈsampai/ If you hadn't fallen, you would have arrived.
Jika saya berkenalan dengan dia, saya akan lebih memahami. /ˈdʒikə ˈsaja bərkəˈnalan dənˈɡən ˈdiə, ˈsaja ˈakan ləˈbih pəmˈahami/ If I had met him/her, I would understand better.

Formation and Usage[edit | edit source]

When forming conditional sentences in Malay, remember the following points:

  • Use "jika" or "sekiranya" for "if".
  • The verb tense changes based on the reality of the condition.
  • The context of the conversation matters; choose the right type of conditional based on what you want to express.

Key Points to Remember:

  • Real conditionals are straightforward and used for possible situations.
  • Unreal conditionals involve hypothetical scenarios.
  • Mixed conditionals connect different time frames, making them more complex.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the theory, let's jump into some exercises to solidify your understanding of conditional sentences!

1. Translate the following sentences into Malay:

  • If I study, I will pass.
  • If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
  • If she was here, she would help us.
  • If they had known, they would have come earlier.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form:

  • Jika dia (pergi), kita (menunggu).
  • Sekiranya saya (belajar) lebih awal, saya (lulus).
  • Jika kamu (mempunyai) lebih banyak masa, kamu (bantu) lebih banyak orang.

3. Fill in the blanks with "jika" or "sekiranya":

  • _______ saya tahu, saya akan datang.
  • _______ hujan, kita tidak dapat bermain.

4. Transform the sentences from real to unreal conditionals:

  • Jika saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah.
  • Jika dia boleh, dia akan datang.

5. Identify which type of conditional sentence is being used:

  • Jika kita berusaha, kita akan berjaya.
  • Sekiranya dia tahu, dia tidak akan marah.

Solutions and Explanations:

1. Translations:

  • Jika saya belajar, saya akan lulus.
  • Jika hujan, kita akan membatalkan piknik.
  • Sekiranya dia di sini, dia akan membantu kami.
  • Sekiranya mereka tahu, mereka akan datang lebih awal.

2. Complete the Sentences:

  • Jika dia pergi, kita akan menunggu.
  • Sekiranya saya belajar lebih awal, saya akan lulus.
  • Jika kamu mempunyai lebih banyak masa, kamu akan bantu lebih banyak orang.

3. Fill in the Blanks:

  • Jika saya tahu, saya akan datang.
  • Jika hujan, kita tidak dapat bermain.

4. Transforming Sentences:

  • Sekiranya saya pergi ke pasar, saya akan membeli buah.
  • Sekiranya dia boleh, dia akan datang.

5. Identifying Conditional Types:

  • Real Conditional
  • Unreal Conditional

By practicing these exercises, you will gain a solid understanding of how to use conditional sentences in Malay. Remember to incorporate them into your conversations to express conditions and possibilities!

Congratulations on completing this lesson on conditional sentences! Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to use them effortlessly in your conversations.

Table of Contents - Malay (individual language) Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction


Basic Vocabulary


Malay Culture and Tradition


Intermediate Structures


Advanced Vocabulary


Modern Malaysia


A1 Exam Preparation


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Passive Voice — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Causative Verbs ▶️

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