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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Croatian|Croatian]]  → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparative and Superlative Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Croatian|Croatian]]  → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparative and Superlative Adjectives</div>
 
Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Croatian Course"! Today, we will dive into the world of '''comparative and superlative adjectives''' in Croatian. Understanding these forms is essential for making comparisons and expressing differences, which is a fundamental part of any language. Whether you're describing your favorite foods, your friends, or even your pet cat, knowing how to use these adjectives effectively will enhance your Croatian speaking and writing skills significantly.
 
In this lesson, we will cover the following:


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ===


Welcome to the lesson on comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian! In this lesson, we will explore how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives in the Croatian language. Understanding these concepts will allow you to make comparisons and express degrees of comparison in your sentences.
Comparative and superlative adjectives allow us to compare qualities of different nouns. For example, when you want to say that something is "bigger" or "the biggest" than something else, you need to use these forms. They are crucial for effective communication and help convey nuances in meaning.


Comparative and superlative adjectives play a crucial role in everyday communication. They help us describe and compare people, things, and actions, allowing us to express our thoughts and opinions more precisely. By mastering comparative and superlative adjectives, you will enhance your ability to express yourself accurately in Croatian.
=== Structure of the Lesson ===


In this comprehensive lesson, we will begin by examining the formation and usage of comparative adjectives. We will then explore the formation and usage of superlative adjectives. Throughout the lesson, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point and ensure a clear understanding of the topic. Additionally, we will delve into the cultural aspects related to the usage of comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian.
1. '''Understanding Comparative Adjectives''': We will explore how to form and use comparative adjectives in Croatian.


By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives, and you will be able to make comparisons with ease. So let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian!
2. '''Understanding Superlative Adjectives''': Next, we will learn how to form and use superlative adjectives.


== Comparative Adjectives ==
3. '''Examples''': We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point.


Comparative adjectives are used to compare two or more people, things, or actions. In Croatian, comparative adjectives are formed by adding specific endings to the base form of the adjective. The endings depend on the gender, number, and case of the noun they modify. Let's take a closer look at the formation and usage of comparative adjectives in Croatian.
4. '''Practice Exercises''': Finally, you will have the opportunity to apply what you've learned through various exercises with detailed solutions.


=== Formation of Comparative Adjectives ===
== Understanding Comparative Adjectives ==


The formation of comparative adjectives in Croatian involves adding specific endings to the base form of the adjective. The endings vary depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify. Here are the general rules for forming comparative adjectives:
Comparative adjectives in Croatian are used to compare two nouns. The basic structure to form a comparative adjective is to take the base form of the adjective and modify it. Here’s how it works:


1. For masculine nouns, the comparative form of the adjective is created by adding the endings -i, -ji, or -ći, depending on the adjective's ending in the base form.
=== Forming Comparative Adjectives ===


2. For feminine nouns, the comparative form of the adjective is created by adding the ending -a.
1. '''Adding the Suffix''': Most adjectives in Croatian form their comparative by adding the suffix '''-iji''' or '''-ija''' to the base adjective.


3. For neuter nouns, the comparative form of the adjective is created by adding the ending -e.
2. '''Irregular Comparatives''': Some adjectives have irregular forms that you will need to memorize.


4. For plural nouns, the comparative form of the adjective is created by adding the ending -i.
=== Examples of Comparative Adjectives ===


Let's see some examples to illustrate the formation of comparative adjectives:
Let’s look at some common adjectives and their comparative forms.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| visok (high) || [ˈʋîso̞ːk] || high
 
| visok || /ʋiˈsoːk/ || tall
 
|-
|-
| viši (higher) || [ˈʋîʃi] || higher
 
| viši || /ˈʋiʃi/ || taller
 
|-
|-
| najviši (highest) || [ˈnâjʋîʃi] || highest
 
| mlad || /mlad/ || young
 
|-
 
| mlađi || /ˈmlaʤi/ || younger
 
|-
 
| brz || /bɾz/ || fast
 
|-
 
| brži || /ˈbɾʒi/ || faster
 
|-
 
| jak || /jak/ || strong
 
|-
 
| jači || /ˈjaʧi/ || stronger
 
|-
 
| lijep || /lijeːp/ || beautiful
 
|-
 
| ljepši || /ˈljepʃi/ || more beautiful
 
|}
|}


In the example above, we can see the formation of the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective "visok" (high). The comparative form "viši" (higher) is formed by adding the ending -i to the base form. The superlative form "najviši" (highest) is formed by adding the prefix "naj-" to the comparative form.
As you can see, the adjectives change their endings when forming the comparative degree.


=== Usage of Comparative Adjectives ===
=== Usage of Comparative Adjectives ===


Comparative adjectives are used to compare two or more people, things, or actions. They allow us to express the degree of a certain characteristic or quality. In Croatian, comparative adjectives are often used with the word "od" (than) to indicate the object of comparison. Let's take a look at some examples:
When using comparative adjectives in sentences, it's important to include the word "od" (than) to compare two nouns.


1. Ivan je viši od Marka.
'''Example Sentences''':
  - Ivan is taller than Marko.


2. Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od one.
1. '''Marko je viši od Petra.''' (Marko is taller than Peter.)
  - This book is more interesting than that one.


3. Ona pjeva bolje od njega.
2. '''Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od one.''' (This book is more interesting than that one.)
  - She sings better than him.


In the examples above, we can see how comparative adjectives are used to compare the height of two people, the level of interest in two books, and the singing ability of two individuals. The comparative form of the adjective is used to express the higher degree of a certain characteristic or quality.
3. '''Moja sestra je mlađa od mene.''' (My sister is younger than me.)


It's important to note that when comparing the equality of two things, the word "kao" (as) is used instead of the comparative form of the adjective. Let's see an example:
4. '''Ova kava je bolja od one.''' (This coffee is better than that one.)


4. Ona pjeva kao profesionalna pjevačica.
== Understanding Superlative Adjectives ==
  - She sings like a professional singer.


In this example, the word "kao" is used to indicate that the person sings at the same level as a professional singer.
Superlative adjectives are used to express the highest degree of a quality among three or more nouns. In Croatian, they are often formed by adding the prefix '''naj-''' to the base adjective.


Comparative adjectives can also be used in sentences without the word "od" or "kao" when the object of comparison is understood from the context. Let's see an example:
=== Forming Superlative Adjectives ===


5. Ova torta je slađa.
1. '''Adding the Prefix''': Most adjectives form their superlative by adding '''naj-''' to the base adjective.
  - This cake is sweeter.


In this example, the comparative form of the adjective "slađa" (sweeter) is used to compare the sweetness of the cake, without explicitly mentioning the object of comparison.
2. '''Irregular Superlatives''': Just like comparatives, some adjectives also have irregular superlatives.


Now that we have covered the formation and usage of comparative adjectives, let's move on to exploring superlative adjectives in Croatian.
=== Examples of Superlative Adjectives ===


== Superlative Adjectives ==
Here are some examples of common adjectives and their superlative forms.


Superlative adjectives are used to express the highest degree of a certain characteristic or quality among a group of people, things, or actions. In Croatian, superlative adjectives are formed by adding specific prefixes and endings to the base form of the adjective. Let's dive into the formation and usage of superlative adjectives in Croatian.
{| class="wikitable"


=== Formation of Superlative Adjectives ===
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English


The formation of superlative adjectives in Croatian involves adding specific prefixes and endings to the base form of the adjective. The prefixes and endings vary depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify. Here are the general rules for forming superlative adjectives:
|-


1. For masculine nouns, the superlative form of the adjective is created by adding the prefix "naj-" and the endings -i, -ji, or -ći, depending on the adjective's ending in the base form.
| najviši || /najˈʋiʃi/ || the tallest


2. For feminine nouns, the superlative form of the adjective is created by adding the prefix "naj-" and the ending -a.
|-


3. For neuter nouns, the superlative form of the adjective is created by adding the prefix "naj-" and the ending -e.
| najmlađi || /najˈmlaʤi/ || the youngest


4. For plural nouns, the superlative form of the adjective is created by adding the prefix "naj-" and the ending -i.
|-


Let's see some examples to illustrate the formation of superlative adjectives:
| najbrži || /najˈbɾʒi/ || the fastest
 
|-
 
| najjači || /najˈjaʧi/ || the strongest
 
|-
 
| najljepši || /najˈljepʃi/ || the most beautiful
 
|-
 
| najpametniji || /najˈpametniːji/ || the smartest


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| visok (high) || [ˈʋîso̞ːk] || high
 
| najzanimljivija || /najzaˈnimliʋija/ || the most interesting
 
|-
|-
| najviši (highest) || [ˈnâjʋîʃi] || highest
 
| najgori || /najˈɡoːri/ || the worst
 
|}
|}


In the example above, we can see the formation of the superlative form of the adjective "visok" (high). The superlative form "najviši" (highest) is formed by adding the prefix "naj-" to the comparative form.
=== Usage of Superlative Adjectives ===
 
Superlative adjectives are used to emphasize the highest degree of a quality.
 
'''Example Sentences''':
 
1. '''Ovo je najljepša slika.''' (This is the most beautiful picture.)
 
2. '''On je najbrži trkač.''' (He is the fastest runner.)
 
3. '''To je najstarija zgrada u gradu.''' (That is the oldest building in the city.)
 
4. '''Ona je najpametnija učenica.''' (She is the smartest student.)
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that you have a good grasp of comparative and superlative adjectives, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help you practice.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the sentences with the correct comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.
 
1. Marko je __________ (brz) od Ivana.
 
2. Ova torta je __________ (sladak) od one.
 
3. Moja kuća je __________ (mala) od tvoje.  


=== Usage of Superlative Adjectives ===
=== Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Form ===
 
Select the correct superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses.
 
1. To je __________ (lijep) park u gradu.
 
a) lijepši
 
b) najljepši
 
2. Ona je __________ (pametn) učenica u razredu.


Superlative adjectives are used to express the highest degree of a certain characteristic or quality among a group of people, things, or actions. They allow us to emphasize the superiority or excellence of a particular person or thing. In Croatian, superlative adjectives are often used with the word "od" (of) to indicate the group of comparison. Let's take a look at some examples:
a) najpametnija


1. On je najviši od svih.
b) pametnija
  - He is the tallest of all.


2. Ova je knjiga najzanimljivija od svih.
=== Exercise 3: Translation ===
  - This book is the most interesting of all.


3. Ona pjeva najbolje od svih.
Translate the following sentences into Croatian.
  - She sings the best of all.


In the examples above, we can see how superlative adjectives are used to express the highest degree of a certain characteristic or quality. The superlative form of the adjective is used to emphasize the superiority or excellence of a particular person or thing among a group.
1. This book is more interesting than that one.


It's important to note that when expressing the highest degree of a certain characteristic or quality without explicitly mentioning the group of comparison, the word "na" (in) is used instead of the superlative form of the adjective. Let's see an example:
2. She is the tallest in the class.


4. Ona je najbolja.
=== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ===
  - She is the best.


In this example, the word "na" is used to indicate that the person is the best in general, without explicitly mentioning the group of comparison.
Create your own sentences using the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives:


Superlative adjectives can also be used in sentences without the word "od" or "na" when the group of comparison is understood from the context. Let's see an example:
* mlad (young)


5. Ova torta je najslađa.
* brz (fast)
  - This cake is the sweetest.


In this example, the superlative form of the adjective "najslađa" (the sweetest) is used to emphasize that the cake is the sweetest among a group of cakes, without explicitly mentioning the group of comparison.
* lijep (beautiful)


== Cultural Insight: Croatian Language and Comparisons ==
=== Detailed Solutions and Explanations ===


In Croatian culture, comparisons play a significant role in everyday communication. Croatians often use comparative and superlative adjectives to express their opinions, preferences, and observations. Comparisons are particularly common when discussing sports, achievements, and personal qualities.
'''Exercise 1 Solutions''':


Croatians take great pride in their language and often use vivid and expressive comparisons to convey their thoughts and emotions. They appreciate creative and imaginative expressions, and using comparative and superlative adjectives allows them to add color and depth to their conversations.
1. Marko je '''brži''' od Ivana.


For example, when describing the beauty of a natural landscape, a Croatian might say "Lijepa kao slika!" (Beautiful as a painting!). This comparison not only expresses admiration for the landscape but also emphasizes its picturesque qualities.
2. Ova torta je '''sladja''' od one.


Another interesting aspect of Croatian language and comparisons is the use of diminutive forms. Croatians often use diminutive adjectives to express affection, endearment, or to create a more intimate atmosphere. For example, instead of saying "velika" (big), they might say "veličanstvena" (magnificent), which adds a touch of warmth and affection to the description.
3. Moja kuća je '''manja''' od tvoje.


Understanding the cultural nuances and preferences related to comparisons in Croatian can greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively and connect with native speakers on a deeper level.
'''Exercise 2 Solutions''':


== Exercises ==
1. To je '''najljepši''' park u gradu.


Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian.
2. Ona je '''najpametnija''' učenica u razredu.


Exercise 1: Comparative Adjectives
'''Exercise 3 Solutions''':
- Form the comparative forms of the following adjectives:
  1. lijep (beautiful)
  2. mali (small)
  3. brz (fast)
  4. širok (wide)
  5. sretan (happy)


Exercise 2: Comparative Sentences
1. Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od one.
- Translate the following sentences into Croatian using comparative adjectives:
  1. This book is more interesting than that one.
  2. She sings better than him.
  3. The car is faster than the bike.
  4. The blue dress is prettier than the red one.
  5. My house is bigger than yours.


Exercise 3: Superlative Adjectives
2. Ona je najviša u razredu.
- Form the superlative forms of the following adjectives:
  1. dobar (good)
  2. velik (big)
  3. lijep (beautiful)
  4. mlad (young)
  5. jak (strong)


Exercise 4: Superlative Sentences
'''Exercise 4 Example Sentences''':
- Translate the following sentences into Croatian using superlative adjectives:
  1. He is the tallest of all.
  2. This cake is the sweetest.
  3. She is the smartest in the class.
  4. The yellow flower is the most beautiful.
  5. My dog is the friendliest.


== Solutions ==
1. Marko je mlađi od mene. (Marko is younger than me.)


Exercise 1: Comparative Adjectives
2. Ova mačka je brža od one. (This cat is faster than that one.)
- The comparative forms of the adjectives are:
  1. ljepši (more beautiful)
  2. manji (smaller)
  3. brži (faster)
  4. širi (wider)
  5. sretniji (happier)


Exercise 2: Comparative Sentences
3. Ova slika je najljepša u mom albumu. (This picture is the most beautiful in my album.)
  1. Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od one.
  2. Ona pjeva bolje od njega.
  3. Automobil je brži od bicikla.
  4. Plava haljina je ljepša od crvene.
  5. Moja kuća je veća od tvoje.


Exercise 3: Superlative Adjectives
By practicing these exercises, you will solidify your understanding of comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian. Remember, the more you practice, the more confident you will become in using these forms naturally in conversation.
- The superlative forms of the adjectives are:
  1. najbolji (the best)
  2. najveći (the biggest)
  3. najljepši (the most beautiful)
  4. najmlađi (the youngest)
  5. najjači (the strongest)


Exercise 4: Superlative Sentences
Congratulations on completing this lesson! Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be able to describe the world around you in Croatian with ease.
  1. On je najviši od svih.
  2. Ova torta je najslađa.
  3. Ona je najpametnija u razredu.
  4. Žuti cvijet je najljepši.
  5. Moj pas je najprijateljskiji.


== Conclusion ==
{{#seo:


Congratulations on completing the lesson on comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian! In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives, allowing you to make comparisons and express degrees of comparison in Croatian.
|title=Croatian Grammar: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives


By mastering comparative and superlative adjectives, you have taken a significant step towards enhancing your ability to express yourself accurately and precisely in Croatian. These language skills will serve as a solid foundation for further language learning and communication in Croatian.
|keywords=Croatian language, comparative adjectives, superlative adjectives, learning Croatian, Croatian grammar


Continue practicing the usage of comparative and superlative adjectives in your conversations and written exercises to reinforce your understanding and fluency. Remember to pay attention to the cultural nuances and preferences related to comparisons in Croatian, as they can greatly enhance your ability to connect with native speakers on a deeper level.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian, understand their proper usage in sentences, and practice making comparisons.


Keep up the great work, and soon you will be able to express yourself with confidence and precision in Croatian!
}}


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 00:06, 2 August 2024

◀️ Adjectives: Gender and Number — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Croatian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Croatian Course"! Today, we will dive into the world of comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian. Understanding these forms is essential for making comparisons and expressing differences, which is a fundamental part of any language. Whether you're describing your favorite foods, your friends, or even your pet cat, knowing how to use these adjectives effectively will enhance your Croatian speaking and writing skills significantly.

In this lesson, we will cover the following:

Importance of Comparative and Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Comparative and superlative adjectives allow us to compare qualities of different nouns. For example, when you want to say that something is "bigger" or "the biggest" than something else, you need to use these forms. They are crucial for effective communication and help convey nuances in meaning.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Understanding Comparative Adjectives: We will explore how to form and use comparative adjectives in Croatian.

2. Understanding Superlative Adjectives: Next, we will learn how to form and use superlative adjectives.

3. Examples: We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point.

4. Practice Exercises: Finally, you will have the opportunity to apply what you've learned through various exercises with detailed solutions.

Understanding Comparative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Comparative adjectives in Croatian are used to compare two nouns. The basic structure to form a comparative adjective is to take the base form of the adjective and modify it. Here’s how it works:

Forming Comparative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

1. Adding the Suffix: Most adjectives in Croatian form their comparative by adding the suffix -iji or -ija to the base adjective.

2. Irregular Comparatives: Some adjectives have irregular forms that you will need to memorize.

Examples of Comparative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at some common adjectives and their comparative forms.

Croatian Pronunciation English
visok /ʋiˈsoːk/ tall
viši /ˈʋiʃi/ taller
mlad /mlad/ young
mlađi /ˈmlaʤi/ younger
brz /bɾz/ fast
brži /ˈbɾʒi/ faster
jak /jak/ strong
jači /ˈjaʧi/ stronger
lijep /lijeːp/ beautiful
ljepši /ˈljepʃi/ more beautiful

As you can see, the adjectives change their endings when forming the comparative degree.

Usage of Comparative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

When using comparative adjectives in sentences, it's important to include the word "od" (than) to compare two nouns.

Example Sentences:

1. Marko je viši od Petra. (Marko is taller than Peter.)

2. Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od one. (This book is more interesting than that one.)

3. Moja sestra je mlađa od mene. (My sister is younger than me.)

4. Ova kava je bolja od one. (This coffee is better than that one.)

Understanding Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Superlative adjectives are used to express the highest degree of a quality among three or more nouns. In Croatian, they are often formed by adding the prefix naj- to the base adjective.

Forming Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

1. Adding the Prefix: Most adjectives form their superlative by adding naj- to the base adjective.

2. Irregular Superlatives: Just like comparatives, some adjectives also have irregular superlatives.

Examples of Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Here are some examples of common adjectives and their superlative forms.

Croatian Pronunciation English
najviši /najˈʋiʃi/ the tallest
najmlađi /najˈmlaʤi/ the youngest
najbrži /najˈbɾʒi/ the fastest
najjači /najˈjaʧi/ the strongest
najljepši /najˈljepʃi/ the most beautiful
najpametniji /najˈpametniːji/ the smartest
najzanimljivija /najzaˈnimliʋija/ the most interesting
najgori /najˈɡoːri/ the worst

Usage of Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Superlative adjectives are used to emphasize the highest degree of a quality.

Example Sentences:

1. Ovo je najljepša slika. (This is the most beautiful picture.)

2. On je najbrži trkač. (He is the fastest runner.)

3. To je najstarija zgrada u gradu. (That is the oldest building in the city.)

4. Ona je najpametnija učenica. (She is the smartest student.)

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a good grasp of comparative and superlative adjectives, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help you practice.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

1. Marko je __________ (brz) od Ivana.

2. Ova torta je __________ (sladak) od one.

3. Moja kuća je __________ (mala) od tvoje.

Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Select the correct superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

1. To je __________ (lijep) park u gradu.

a) lijepši

b) najljepši

2. Ona je __________ (pametn) učenica u razredu.

a) najpametnija

b) pametnija

Exercise 3: Translation[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Croatian.

1. This book is more interesting than that one.

2. She is the tallest in the class.

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create your own sentences using the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives:

  • mlad (young)
  • brz (fast)
  • lijep (beautiful)

Detailed Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1 Solutions:

1. Marko je brži od Ivana.

2. Ova torta je sladja od one.

3. Moja kuća je manja od tvoje.

Exercise 2 Solutions:

1. To je najljepši park u gradu.

2. Ona je najpametnija učenica u razredu.

Exercise 3 Solutions:

1. Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od one.

2. Ona je najviša u razredu.

Exercise 4 Example Sentences:

1. Marko je mlađi od mene. (Marko is younger than me.)

2. Ova mačka je brža od one. (This cat is faster than that one.)

3. Ova slika je najljepša u mom albumu. (This picture is the most beautiful in my album.)

By practicing these exercises, you will solidify your understanding of comparative and superlative adjectives in Croatian. Remember, the more you practice, the more confident you will become in using these forms naturally in conversation.

Congratulations on completing this lesson! Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be able to describe the world around you in Croatian with ease.

Table of Contents - Croatian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Croatian Culture and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Adjectives: Gender and Number — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

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