Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Punctuation-of-many-languages"
Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
!colon | !colon | ||
!semicolon | !semicolon | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Adlam | |||
|<big>⹁</big> | |||
|<big>.</big> | |||
|<big>𞥟 … ؟</big> | |||
|<big>! … 𞥞</big> | |||
|<big>(…)</big> | |||
|<big>:</big> | |||
|<big>⁏</big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Arabic | *Arabic | ||
| | |<big>،</big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big>⹁</big> | |||
''Sindhi'' | ''Sindhi'' | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big>۔</big> | |||
''Urdu'' | ''Urdu'' | ||
| | |<big>؟</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>؛</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Armenian | *Armenian | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>։</big> | ||
| | |<big>՞</big> | ||
| | |<big>՜</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>․</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Bamum | *Bamum | ||
| | |<big>꛵</big> | ||
| | |<big>꛳</big> | ||
| | |<big>꛷</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>꛴</big> | ||
| | |<big>꛶</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 73: | Line 83: | ||
*Kannada | *Kannada | ||
*Oriya | *Oriya | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>।</big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big>.</big> | |||
''alternative'' | ''alternative'' | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 90: | Line 100: | ||
*Georgian | *Georgian | ||
*Hebrew | *Hebrew | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Devanagari | *Devanagari | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>।</big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big>.</big> | |||
''Marathi'' | ''Marathi'' | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Greek | *Greek | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>‧</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Ge'ez | *Ge'ez | ||
| | |<big>፣</big> | ||
| | |<big>።</big> | ||
| | |<big>፧</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>፥</big> | ||
| | |<big>፤</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Han | *Han | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>。</big> | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Japanese | *Japanese | ||
| | |<big>、</big> | ||
''vertical; horizontal Jichishō standard'' | ''vertical; horizontal Jichishō standard'' | ||
<big>,</big> | |||
''horizontal Monbushō standard'' | ''horizontal Monbushō standard'' | ||
| | |<big>。</big> | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Korean | *Korean | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
''horizontal'' | ''horizontal'' | ||
<big>、</big> | |||
''vertical'' | ''vertical'' | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Latin | *Latin | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big>¿…?</big> | |||
''Spanish, Catalan'' | ''Spanish, Catalan'' | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big>¡…!</big> | |||
''Spanish, Catalan'' | ''Spanish, Catalan'' | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Sinhala | *Sinhala | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
''new'' | ''new'' | ||
<big>෴</big> | |||
''old'' | ''old'' | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 213: | Line 223: | ||
|''(none)'' | |''(none)'' | ||
|''(space)'' | |''(space)'' | ||
| | |<big>?</big> | ||
| | |<big>!</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
*Vai | *Vai | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
''new'' | ''new'' | ||
<big>꘍</big> | |||
''old'' | ''old'' | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
''new'' | ''new'' | ||
<big>꘎</big> | |||
''old'' | ''old'' | ||
| | |<big>꘏</big> | ||
| | |<big>꘎꘎</big> | ||
| | |<big>(…)</big> | ||
| | |<big>:</big> | ||
| | |<big>;</big> | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Note:''' | '''Note:''' | ||
Line 256: | Line 266: | ||
* Scottish Gaelic | * Scottish Gaelic | ||
* Welsh | * Welsh | ||
| | |<big>‘…’</big> | ||
| | |<big>“…”</big> | ||
|English: 1–2 pt | |English: 1–2 pt | ||
Welsh: 1–2 pt | Welsh: 1–2 pt | ||
Line 281: | Line 291: | ||
* Turkish | * Turkish | ||
* Urdu | * Urdu | ||
| | |<big>“…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>‘…’</big> | ||
|English: 1–2 pt | |English: 1–2 pt | ||
Chinese: fullwidth | Chinese: fullwidth | ||
Line 291: | Line 301: | ||
* Lao | * Lao | ||
* Vietnamese | * Vietnamese | ||
| | |<big>“…”</big> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 297: | Line 307: | ||
| | | | ||
* Latvian | * Latvian | ||
| | |<big>“…”</big> | ||
<big>„…”</big> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 306: | Line 316: | ||
* Finnish | * Finnish | ||
* Swedish | * Swedish | ||
| | |<big>”…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>’…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Bosnian | * Bosnian | ||
| | |<big>”…”</big> | ||
<big>„…”</big> | |||
| | |<big>’…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Hebrew | * Hebrew | ||
| | |<big>„…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>‚…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Serbian | * Serbian | ||
| | |<big>„…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>’…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Croatian | * Croatian | ||
| | |<big>„…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>‘…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Romanian | * Romanian | ||
| | |<big>„…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>«…»</big> | ||
|none | |none | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Polish | * Polish | ||
| | |<big>„…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>»…«</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Hungarian | * Hungarian | ||
| | |<big>„…”</big> | ||
| | |<big>»…«</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 361: | Line 371: | ||
* Slovenian | * Slovenian | ||
* Sorbian | * Sorbian | ||
| | |<big>„…“</big> | ||
| | |<big>‚…‘</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Bulgarian | * Bulgarian | ||
| | |<big>„…“</big> | ||
| | |<big>’…’</big> | ||
<big>‘…’</big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Macedonian | * Macedonian | ||
| | |<big>„…“</big> | ||
| | |<big>’…‘</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Albanian | * Albanian | ||
| | |<big>„…“</big> | ||
| | |<big>‘…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 387: | Line 397: | ||
* Estonian | * Estonian | ||
* Georgian | * Georgian | ||
| | |<big>„…“</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|Georgian: none | |Georgian: none | ||
Line 398: | Line 408: | ||
* Romansh | * Romansh | ||
* Uighur | * Uighur | ||
| | |<big>«…» </big> | ||
| | |<big>‹…› </big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* French, France | * French, France | ||
| | |<big>«…» </big> | ||
| | |<big>“…”</big> | ||
<big>«…»</big> | |||
|¼ em | |¼ em | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 418: | Line 428: | ||
* Portuguese, Portugal | * Portuguese, Portugal | ||
* Spanish, Spain | * Spanish, Spain | ||
| | |<big>«…» </big> | ||
| | |<big>“…”</big> | ||
|Catalan: none | |Catalan: none | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 428: | Line 438: | ||
* Russian | * Russian | ||
* Uzbek | * Uzbek | ||
| | |<big>«…» </big> | ||
| | |<big>„…“</big> | ||
|Russian: none | |Russian: none | ||
Ukranian: none | Ukranian: none | ||
Line 435: | Line 445: | ||
| | | | ||
* Ukrainian | * Ukrainian | ||
| | |<big>«…»</big> | ||
| | |<big>“…”</big> | ||
<big>‘…’</big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Ido | * Ido | ||
| | |<big>«…» </big> | ||
| | |<big>‘…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Norwegian | * Norwegian | ||
| | |<big>«…» </big> | ||
| | |<big>’…’</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 462: | Line 472: | ||
* Tigrinya | * Tigrinya | ||
* Uyghur | * Uyghur | ||
| | |<big>«…»</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|Arabic: optional | |Arabic: optional | ||
Line 468: | Line 478: | ||
| | | | ||
* Mongolian (Mongolian) | * Mongolian (Mongolian) | ||
|<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;" | |<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big>《…》</big></p> | ||
|<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;" | |<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big>〈…〉</big></p> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Danish | * Danish | ||
| | |<big>»…«</big> | ||
<big>"…"</big> | |||
| | |<big>›…‹</big> | ||
<big>‚…‘</big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 484: | Line 494: | ||
* Chinese, Republic of China | * Chinese, Republic of China | ||
* Japanese | * Japanese | ||
| | |<big>「…」<br></big> | ||
<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;" | <p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big>「…」</big></p> | ||
| | |<big>『…』<br></big> | ||
<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;" | <p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big>『…』</big></p> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 495: | Line 505: | ||
* Tai Le | * Tai Le | ||
* Tibetan | * Tibetan | ||
| | |<big>《…》</big> | ||
| | |<big>〈…〉</big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Lojban | * Lojban | ||
| | |<big>lu … li'u</big> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 510: | Line 520: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!punctuation | !punctuation | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
| | |<big>·</big> | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>٫</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!country or region | !country or region | ||
Line 739: | Line 749: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!punctuation | !punctuation | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>٫</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!constructed language | !constructed language | ||
Line 758: | Line 768: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!punctuation | !punctuation | ||
| | |<big>,</big> | ||
| | |<big>.</big> | ||
| | |<big>'</big> | ||
| | |<big>''(space)''</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!country or region | !country or region |
Revision as of 21:10, 25 May 2023
Welcome to our lesson on "Punctuation of many languages"! 🌍
In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of punctuation across various languages.
Punctuation: it's more than just dots and lines. It's a tool that gives our words shape, adds rhythm to our sentences, and subtly conveys meaning beyond the words themselves. Yet, punctuation isn't the same in every language. It varies, reflecting the unique structures and styles of different languages.
This page is designed to provide you with references and offer comparisons of punctuation usage in various languages.
- Other related lessons: As you dive into this topic, you may also find it helpful to explore other related pages, such as TeKaMoLo in multiple languages, which can provide you with a deeper understanding of grammar rules in different languages. Additionally, you might be interested in learning about Multiple-languages Culture - Techniques for learning languages to enhance your language learning journey. And don't forget to check out Various word orders in various languages to further expand your knowledge of grammar structures across languages. Enjoy your exploration, and happy language learning! 😊
Symbol
The most common
Note: the followings are scripts instead of languages.
script | comma | full stop / period | question mark | exclamation mark | parentheses | colon | semicolon |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
⹁ | . | 𞥟 … ؟ | ! … 𞥞 | (…) | : | ⁏ |
|
،
common ⹁ Sindhi |
.
common ۔ Urdu |
؟ | ! | (…) | : | ؛ |
|
, | ։ | ՞ | ՜ | (…) | ․ | ; |
|
꛵ | ꛳ | ꛷ | ! | (…) | ꛴ | ꛶ |
|
, | ।
common . alternative |
? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
, | . | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
, | ।
common . Marathi |
? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
, | . | ; | ! | (…) | : | ‧ |
|
፣ | ። | ፧ | ! | (…) | ፥ | ፤ |
|
, | 。 | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
、
vertical; horizontal Jichishō standard , horizontal Monbushō standard |
。 | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
,
horizontal 、 vertical |
. | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
, | . | ?
common ¿…? Spanish, Catalan |
!
common ¡…! Spanish, Catalan |
(…) | : | ; |
|
, | .
new ෴ old |
? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
(none) | (space) | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
,
new ꘍ old |
.
new ꘎ old |
꘏ | ꘎꘎ | (…) | : | ; |
Note:
- Punctuation in Han and Japanese are full-width
- Some symbols look the same, but they have different Unicode codes.
Quotation marks
language | primary | secondary | spacing |
---|---|---|---|
|
‘…’ | “…” | English: 1–2 pt
Welsh: 1–2 pt |
|
“…” | ‘…’ | English: 1–2 pt
Chinese: fullwidth Irish: 1–2 pt |
|
“…” | ||
|
“…”
„…” |
||
|
”…” | ’…’ | |
|
”…”
„…” |
’…’ | |
|
„…” | ‚…’ | |
|
„…” | ’…’ | |
|
„…” | ‘…’ | |
|
„…” | «…» | none |
|
„…” | »…« | |
|
„…” | »…« | |
|
„…“ | ‚…‘ | |
|
„…“ | ’…’
‘…’ |
|
|
„…“ | ’…‘ | |
|
„…“ | ‘…’ | |
|
„…“ | Georgian: none | |
|
«…» | ‹…› | |
|
«…» | “…”
«…» |
¼ em |
|
«…» | “…” | Catalan: none |
|
«…» | „…“ | Russian: none
Ukranian: none |
|
«…» | “…”
‘…’ |
|
|
«…» | ‘…’ | |
|
«…» | ’…’ | |
|
«…» | Arabic: optional | |
|
《…》 |
〈…〉 |
|
|
»…«
"…" |
›…‹
‚…‘ |
|
|
「…」 「…」 |
『…』 『…』 |
|
|
《…》 | 〈…〉 | |
|
lu … li'u |
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark
Decimal separator
punctuation | . | · | , | ٫ |
---|---|---|---|---|
country or region |
|
|
|
|
punctuation | . | , | ٫ |
---|---|---|---|
constructed language |
|
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator
Digit group delimiter
punctuation | , | . | ' | (space) |
---|---|---|---|---|
country or region |
|
|
|
|
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator
Usage
Space
to separate words | to separate sentences | to separate syllables | |
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ||
|
■ | ||
|
■ | ||
|
Comma
to separate a series of words, phrases or clauses | to form a compound sentence | to introduce a quote | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | |
Enumeration comma
to separate words in a list | |||
---|---|---|---|
|
|||
Period
Question mark
to indicate a direct question | |
---|---|
|
■ |
|
□ |
Exclamation mark
to indicate an exclamation | to indicate a command | to be used with imperative mood | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||
|
■ | ■ | ||
Quotation marks
to indicate direct speech | to indicate special meaning | |
---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ |
Colon
to indicate a series of words | to indicate description | to indicate explanation | to indicate definition | |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
Semicolon
to separate two series of words or phrases | to separate two closely related independent clauses | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||
Hyphen
to form a compound word | to connect letters in spelling | to connect groups of digit in a nominal number | to form an interrupted word | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | |
En dash
to indicate a range of number | to separate two scores in a game | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||
Em dash
to further explain a word, phrase or clause | to express an opinion in a sentence | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | |
Wave dash
to indicate a range of number | |||
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ||
Ellipse
to indicate omission of quote | to indicate omission of a series of word | to indicate intermittent speech | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | ||
Round brackets
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Square brackets
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Curly brackets
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Angle brackets
to indicate a title | |||
---|---|---|---|
|
|||
Lenticular brackets
|
||
---|---|---|
Hex brackets
to indicate the serial number of an official document | to indicate the nationality or dynasty of the author | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | |
Slash
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Apostrophe
to indicate omission of letters | to indicate possessive case | to separate morphemes | to indicate elision | to indicate a glottal stop | to indicate palatalisation or non-palatalisation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||||||
Interpunct
to separate syllables in confusion | to distinguish specific graphemes | to separate words of foreign proper names | to separate a series of words | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ||||
|
■ | ||||
|
■ | ■ | |||
|
■ | ||||
Musical note
to indicate singing | ||
---|---|---|
|
■ | |
Other Lessons
- Exhaustive Inflection
- Use an Adposition or Affix
- Various word orders in various languages
- Common Mistakes
- Order of Adjectives
- Disjunctive questions
- TeKaMoLo in multiple languages