Difference between revisions of "Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Greetings"
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[[Category: Japanese/Vocabulary]] | [[Category: Japanese/Vocabulary]] | ||
[[Category:Greetings]] | [[Category:Greetings]] | ||
==Related Lessons== | ==Related Lessons== | ||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Weather|Weather]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Family|Family]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/The-Shapes|The Shapes]] | * [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/The-Shapes|The Shapes]] | ||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/ | * [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Colors-色|Colors 色]] | ||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/ | * [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Nature|Nature]] | ||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Metals|Metals]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/How-to-Write-a-Good-CV|How to Write a Good CV]] | * [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/How-to-Write-a-Good-CV|How to Write a Good CV]] | ||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/ | * [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]] | ||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]] | * [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]] |
Revision as of 17:20, 26 February 2023
TO SAY HELLO AND INDICATE THE MOMENT OF THE DAY
Japanese cut the day in three parts and each has a manner to say.
おはようございます | 御早うございます。 | Ohayougozaimasu |
This expression is made by
御 (お) | o | honorific prefix |
早く | hayaku | early |
ございます | gozaimasu | polite suffix |
The change of 早く is a ウ音便 ("u" sound shift).
This is used the morning, to say hello, from 5 A.M to 12 A.M
Then, from 12 A.M use :
- こんにちは (konnichiwa) : commonly written with hiragana. The form in kanji 今日は is more employed to say “today ...”, and pronounced as “きょうは”.
At night, from about 6 PM you can say:
- こんばんは (konbanwa)
As for こんばんは, there is a form in kanji 今晩は for “tonight ...”, but contrary to こんにちは, it reads こんばんは. Take a look to the kanji.
- 今 : This kanji read alone is いま (ima). It means “now".
- 日 : This one is にち (nichi). The meaning of this is “day”
- 晩 : The last is ばん (ban). The kanji for “evening/night”.
- お休みなさい おやすみなさい oyasuminasai: Have a good night.
お honorific prefix
- 休み やすみ : holiday / resting
- 為さい なさい : a verbal form of saying "to do"
- おひさしぶり お久し振り ohisashiburi: Long time no see.
- 久さしい ひさしい hisashii: indicate a long period of time.
- 振り ふり furi is a time mark.
In fact, this expression is really turning around a time reference!!
GREETING WITHOUT TIME INFLUENCE
- さよなら sayonara: Simply means bye.
- バイバイ Bai-Bai Bye-Bye: The english-like form.
- またね matane: mata means « again », ne is a particle to sustain your idea. So, we can say it is : See you again.
When you welcome someone who is not from the place you are, you should use
- ようこそ youkoso.: It means WELCOME! For example if your friends is coming from another country to yours (Japanese friend to France)
- フランスへようこそ。furansu e yokoso.
へ reads “e” as location particle.
GREETING TO WISH SOMETHING TO SOMEONE
- 宜しくお願いします よろしくおねがいします yoroshiku onegaishimasu。: Pleased to meet you.
- 宜しく よろしく yoroshiku : Best regards
- お願い おねがい onegai: A useful sentence to express a wish
- します shimasu: Polite and affirmative form of the verb
- する suru: TO DO, commonly used.
- ヤッホー Yahoo/オオイ Ooi: HEY! Particularly employed by teenagers.
- 元気ですか げんきですか Genki desu ka : How are you doing?
- 元 げん gen: origin
- 気 き ki: spirit
- です desu: (to be)
- か ka: particle for question.
- 頑張って がんばって ganbatte : It is a greeting to give some force, some courage to someone. The way to persevere.
- 頑 がん gan approximately means to extend
- 張 ば ba could be translate as hustle
- って tte : This is a kind of imperative form.
It comes from the verb 頑張る がんばる ganbaru.
- おめでとう(ございます) Omedetou(gozaimasu): Congratulations!
- ありとう(ございます) Arigatou(gozaimasu): Thank you(very much)
In Japan, we use some expressions that have no equal in french and probably not in any other else language in the world.
- お疲れ様 おつかれさま otsukaresama: It is employed when people ends a hard working day. It means something like : thank you for doing your best at work.
- 疲れる つかれる tsukareru: the verb to express the sensation of tiredness.
- 様 さま sama: An honorific suffix
The Japanese use honorific prefixes and suffixes according to the social status, the age and the gender very often.
- 只今 ただいま tadaima Litt. “I’m home”. You will use this one, when you open the door and there is someone inside.
- お帰りなさいおかえり(なさい) okaeri(nasai) This one works with the previous. The people inside will answer Okaeri to Tadaima.
- 帰 is the kanji of the verb 帰る かえる kaeru which indicated that you are coming back.
- 行ってらっしゃい いってらっしゃい itterasshai: "Have a good day", particulary when you are going to move (for example to work) and somebody support you.
- 行って いって itte is the imperative form of the verb 行く いく iku: TO GO
- らっしゃい rasshai : Is a mark of moving comes from honorific language.
- 気を付けて きをつけて Ki o tsukete: Take care of you (When you are going somewhere). This includes that you have to move
- 付ける つける Tsukeru in its て form which really includes the notion of concern/care by the people who say it.
So, if you are going to work and your wife / husband is going staying at home, he/she can say :
- 行ってらっしゃい、気を付けて。お仕事頑張って下さい。 Itterasshai, ki wo tsukete. Oshigoto ganbatte kudasai.
TWO MORE WORDS
ございます gozaimasu and ください kudasai. As you can read before some words or sentence use ございます gozaimasu, like:
おはようございます Ohayougozaimasu, ありとうございます Arigatougozaimasu, おめでとうございます Omedetougowazaimasu.
ございます gozaimasu simply means “There is” when it’s combined with a greeting.
You can also consider it means “to exist”. For example “ありとうございます”; “it exist some thanks”. It is not very correct translation but it is the idea.
Some other are built with ください kudasai.
ください kudasai is a form of the verb くださる kudasaru which means “to confer”
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