Difference between revisions of "Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Participle-spelling"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(16 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[File:d1d66-cebcceb5cf84cebfcf87ceadcf82.png]]
<div class="pg_page_title">The Spelling of the Participle in Modern Greek</div>


<div style="font-size:300%;">The spelling of the participle Greek - Ορθογραφία μετοχών - l'orthographe du participe</div>
[[File:d1d66-cebcceb5cf84cebfcf87ceadcf82.png|thumb]]
Introduction: The Greek language is known for its complex grammar and extensive conjugation patterns. In this lesson, we will focus on the spelling of the participle in modern Greek, which is an essential part of the language's verb system. We will explore the different types of participles, their formation, and their uses in context.
__TOC__
Once you've made sense of this lesson, you may be interested in exploring these associated areas: [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-To-Be|Verb To Be]], [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-predicate|The predicate]], [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Particularities-of:-Πώς,-πως,-πού,-που,-ή,-η|Particularities of: Πώς, πως, πού, που, ή, η]] & [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verbes-elliptiques,-impersonnels-et-irréguliers|Verbes elliptiques, impersonnels et irréguliers]].
==Types of Participles: The modern Greek language has three types of participles:==


{| class="wikitable"
# The present participle of the active voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-οντας" (-ontas) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. For example, the verb "λέγω-λέω" (leo) means "I say". The present participle of this verb is "λέγοντας" (legontas), which means "saying".
!
# The present participle of the passive voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-όμενος" (-omenos) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. For example, the verb "γράφω" (graffo) means "I write". The present participle of this verb is "γραφόμενος, -η, -ο" (grafomenos), participle present of the passive voice, which means "being written".
=== '''English''' ===
# The perfect present participle of the passive voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-μένος" (-menos) to the stem of the verb in the perfect tense. For example, the verb "ακούω" (akouo) means "I hear". The perfect present participle in passive voice of this verb is "ακουσμένος,-η,-ο" (akousmenos), which means "having been heard"
!
=== '''Français''' ===
|-
|The Modern Greek language has three participles, viz: The participles in the present tense of the active voice, in the present tense of the passive voice and in the perfect present tense of the passive voice. There are verbs that don't have a passive voice, but even so form a participle in the perfect present tense of the passive voice. The participle (μετοχή) is a verbal adjective, in part a verb, in part an adjective, has voice and tense. As an adjective it is declined, and agrees with a noun or pronoun, attributively, with or without the article,  as a predicate, belonging to either subject or object. 
|La langue grecque moderne a trois participes, à savoir: le participe présent de la voix active et ce du présent à la voix passive aussi du présent parfait de la voix passive. Il y a des verbes qui n'ont pas de voix passive, mais ils forment quand même un participe au présent parfait de la voix passive. Le participe (μετοχή) est un adjectif verbal, il fait partie du verbe et partie comme un adjectif. Il a voix et du temps. En tant qu'adjectif, il est décliné et il s'accorde avec le  nom ou du pronom, de manière attributive, avec ou sans l'article, en tant que prédicat, appartenant à un sujet ou à un objet.
|}
Present active participle in: -'''οντας''' and -'''ώντα'''ς. This participle is written with '''«ο»''' when no accent occurs on the penultimate syllable


and with '''«ώ»''' when the accent is on the penultimate syllable. e.g. :
==Formation and Spelling of Participles: ==
The formation of participles depends on the tense and voice of the verb. The present participle of the active voice is formed by adding the ending "-οντας" (-ontas) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. The present participle of the passive voice is formed by adding the ending "-όμενος" (-omenos) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. The perfect present participle of the passive voice is formed by adding the ending "-μένος" (-menos) to the stem of the verb in the perfect tense.


{| class="wikitable"
In terms of spelling, it's important to note that some verbs have irregular spelling in their participles. For example, the verb "παίρνω" (perno) means "I take". The present participle of this verb is "παίρνοντας" (pernontas), which has an irregular spelling. Another example is the verb "φέρνω" (ferno) means "I bring". The present participle of this verb is "φέροντας" (ferontas), which also has an irregular spelling.
|In -'''ο''' :  Η Βαρβάρα ήρθε κλαίγ'''ο'''ντας : while Barbara arrives crying.
|-
|In -'''ώ'''- : Ο Γεώργιος ήρθε γελ'''ώ'''ντας : George arrives laughing
|-
|Δίν'''ο'''ντας χρήματα, αρχίζουν τα προβλήματα : By giving money, the problems begin
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''1)''' The verbs which are stressed on the antepenultimate form the participle with endings in -'''όμενος, -όμενη, -όμενο'''.
εργάζομαι – εργαζ'''ό'''μενος : work - worker


λέγω - λέγομαι – λεγ'''ό'''μενος : say - self-styled
Uses of Participles: The participle (μετοχή) is a verbal adjective, in part a verb, in part an adjective, and has both voice and tense. As an adjective, it is declined and agrees with a noun or pronoun, attributively, with or without the article, as a predicate, belonging to either subject or object.
 
έρχομαι – ερχ'''ό'''μενος : come - next, following
|-
|'''2''') The verbs ending in '''-ώνω''' form the participle with endings in -'''ωμένος, -ωμένη, -ωμένο.'''
διορθώνω – διορθ'''ω'''μένος : correct - '''corrected'''


λέγω - λέγομαι – ειπ'''ω'''μένος : '''say - said'''
In terms of its use in context, the participle is often used to create complex sentences and provide additional information about the action or state described by the main verb. For example, "Ο γιατρός διαβάζοντας το φάκελο, έδωσε τη συνταγή." (O giatros diavazontas to fakelo, edose ti syntagi), which means "The doctor, while reading the folder, gave the prescription". In this sentence, "διαβάζοντας" (diavazontas) is the present participle of the verb "διαβάζω" (diavazo), which means "I read". The participle "διαβάζοντας" (diavazontas) provides additional information about the action of the doctor, who was reading the folder while giving the prescription.
|-
|'''Εξαίρεση''': Μερικές μετοχές που προέρχονται από λόγια ρήματα της β' συζυγίας δεν ακολουθούν
τον κανόνα και γράφονται με '''ώ''', π.χ.
* Exception:
Some shares derived from verbs of the second conjugation do not follow the rule and are written with '''"ώ"''' e.g.
* τιμ'''ώ''' – τιμ'''ώ'''μενος : honor - honoured


* προσδοκ'''ώ''' – προσδοκ'''ώ'''μενος : expect - '''expected'''
Participles can also be used in combination with auxiliary verbs to form compound tenses, such as the present perfect tense, the past perfect tense, and the future perfect tense. For example, "Έχω διαβάσει το βιβλίο" (Eho diavasei to vivlio), which means "I have read the book". In this sentence, "διαβάσει" (diavasei) is the perfect present participle of the verb "διαβάζω" (diavazo), used in combination with the auxiliary verb "έχω" (eho), which means "I have".
|-
|The verbs with a root ending in the letters '''π, β, φ, πτ,''' form the participle with endings in -'''μμένος''', -'''μμένη''', -'''μμένο'''. (Notice the double –'''μμ'''-)
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Verbs that show character '''“π”'''
|+
|
|The participle is written with '''«ο»''' when no accent occurs on the penultimate syllable and with '''«ώ»''' when the accent is on the penultimate syllable.e.g. «λέγ'''ο'''ντας», «τρ'''ώ'''γοντας» and «μιλ'''ώ'''ντας», «τραγουδ'''ώ'''ντας».
|-
|εγκαταλεί'''π'''ω : abandon
 
επιτρέπω :        allow
|εγκαταλε'''ιμ'''μένος : abandoned
 
επιτετρα'''μμ'''ένος : allowed ( literary )
|-
|character '''« β »'''
|
|-
|Ανά'''β'''ω : turn on
 
Θά'''β'''ω : bury
 
Κλέ'''β'''ω :  steal 
|Ανα'''μμ'''ένος : running
 
Θα'''μμ'''ένος : buried
 
Κλε'''μμ'''ένος : stolen 
|-
|character '''« φ »'''
|
|-
|αλείφ(β)ω : smear
 
βά'''φ'''ω : paint
 
γράφω : write
 
γλεί'''φ'''ω : lick
|Αλει'''μμ'''ένος : smeared
 
βα'''μμ'''ένος : painted
 
γρα'''μμ'''ένος : written
 
γλει'''μμ'''ένος : licked
|-
|character '''« πτ »'''
|
|-
|Απορρί'''πτ'''ω : '''reject'''
 
Αποκό'''πτ'''ω : elide,  cut off
 
βλάπτω : damage, hurt
 
καλύ'''πτ'''ω : cover
 
συνά'''πτ'''ω : append
|απορρι'''μμ'''ένος : rejected (απορρίμματα : garbage, waste)
 
αποκο'''μμ'''ένος : cut off
 
βλα'''μμ'''ένος :
 
καλυ'''μμ'''ένος : covered
 
συνη'''μμ'''ένος : '''attached'''
|}
|}
|}
== Special cases of the forms ==


== Verb spelling - present endings ==
== Verb spelling - present endings ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Verbs eding in :  
{| class="wikitable"
!are written with
|Verbs eding in :  
!Examples
|are written with
!Exceptions
|Examples
|Exceptions
|-
|-
|'''-'''άβο '''/ -αύω'''  
|'''-'''άβο '''/ -αύω'''  
Line 190: Line 100:
|-
|-
|'''-ιάζο / -ιάζω'''
|'''-ιάζο / -ιάζω'''
|ι
|'''ι'''
|Αγκαλ'''ιά'''ζω : '''embrace'''
|Αγκαλ'''ιά'''ζω : '''embrace'''


Line 306: Line 216:
|
|
|}
|}
|}
* Ευγενική χορηγία που στοχεύει να βοηθήσει μαθητές ή μη, απανταχού της Γης, που επιδίδονται στην εκμάθηση της ελληνικής γλώσσας!!!


* Contribution bénévole visant à aider les personnes, partout dans le monde, qui sont engagées dans l'apprentissage de la langue grecque !!!
{{Marianthi-Signature}}


* Voluntary contribution aimed at helping people, all over the world, who are committed to learning the Greek language !!!  
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-degrees-of-the-adjective|The degrees of the adjective]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verbes-elliptiques,-impersonnels-et-irréguliers|Verbes elliptiques, impersonnels et irréguliers]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-combinations-«αυ»-and-«ευ»|The combinations «αυ» and «ευ»]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Les-numéraux-ordinaux--cardinaux|Les numéraux ordinaux cardinaux]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Negative-Sentence|Negative Sentence]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Contract-Verbs|Contract Verbs]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Irregular-Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Word-Accentuation|Word Accentuation]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 14:02, 2 June 2023

The Spelling of the Participle in Modern Greek
D1d66-cebcceb5cf84cebfcf87ceadcf82.png

Introduction: The Greek language is known for its complex grammar and extensive conjugation patterns. In this lesson, we will focus on the spelling of the participle in modern Greek, which is an essential part of the language's verb system. We will explore the different types of participles, their formation, and their uses in context.

Once you've made sense of this lesson, you may be interested in exploring these associated areas: Verb To Be, The predicate, Particularities of: Πώς, πως, πού, που, ή, η & Verbes elliptiques, impersonnels et irréguliers.

Types of Participles: The modern Greek language has three types of participles:[edit | edit source]

  1. The present participle of the active voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-οντας" (-ontas) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. For example, the verb "λέγω-λέω" (leo) means "I say". The present participle of this verb is "λέγοντας" (legontas), which means "saying".
  2. The present participle of the passive voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-όμενος" (-omenos) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. For example, the verb "γράφω" (graffo) means "I write". The present participle of this verb is "γραφόμενος, -η, -ο" (grafomenos), participle present of the passive voice, which means "being written".
  3. The perfect present participle of the passive voice: This participle is formed by adding the ending "-μένος" (-menos) to the stem of the verb in the perfect tense. For example, the verb "ακούω" (akouo) means "I hear". The perfect present participle in passive voice of this verb is "ακουσμένος,-η,-ο" (akousmenos), which means "having been heard"

Formation and Spelling of Participles:[edit | edit source]

The formation of participles depends on the tense and voice of the verb. The present participle of the active voice is formed by adding the ending "-οντας" (-ontas) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. The present participle of the passive voice is formed by adding the ending "-όμενος" (-omenos) to the stem of the verb in the present tense. The perfect present participle of the passive voice is formed by adding the ending "-μένος" (-menos) to the stem of the verb in the perfect tense.

In terms of spelling, it's important to note that some verbs have irregular spelling in their participles. For example, the verb "παίρνω" (perno) means "I take". The present participle of this verb is "παίρνοντας" (pernontas), which has an irregular spelling. Another example is the verb "φέρνω" (ferno) means "I bring". The present participle of this verb is "φέροντας" (ferontas), which also has an irregular spelling.

Uses of Participles: The participle (μετοχή) is a verbal adjective, in part a verb, in part an adjective, and has both voice and tense. As an adjective, it is declined and agrees with a noun or pronoun, attributively, with or without the article, as a predicate, belonging to either subject or object.

In terms of its use in context, the participle is often used to create complex sentences and provide additional information about the action or state described by the main verb. For example, "Ο γιατρός διαβάζοντας το φάκελο, έδωσε τη συνταγή." (O giatros diavazontas to fakelo, edose ti syntagi), which means "The doctor, while reading the folder, gave the prescription". In this sentence, "διαβάζοντας" (diavazontas) is the present participle of the verb "διαβάζω" (diavazo), which means "I read". The participle "διαβάζοντας" (diavazontas) provides additional information about the action of the doctor, who was reading the folder while giving the prescription.

Participles can also be used in combination with auxiliary verbs to form compound tenses, such as the present perfect tense, the past perfect tense, and the future perfect tense. For example, "Έχω διαβάσει το βιβλίο" (Eho diavasei to vivlio), which means "I have read the book". In this sentence, "διαβάσει" (diavasei) is the perfect present participle of the verb "διαβάζω" (diavazo), used in combination with the auxiliary verb "έχω" (eho), which means "I have".

The participle is written with «ο» when no accent occurs on the penultimate syllable and with «ώ» when the accent is on the penultimate syllable.e.g. «λέγοντας», «τρώγοντας» and «μιλώντας», «τραγουδώντας».

Verb spelling - present endings[edit | edit source]

Verbs eding in :   are written with Examples Exceptions
-άβο / -αύω β Ανάβω : ignite, turn on

θάβω : bury

Ράβω : sew

Παύω : cease

Ψαύω : finger (ψηλαφώ, αγγίζω)

-έβο /-εύω ευ Κινδυνεύω: be in danger

παλεύω : struggle, wrestle

Κλέβω : steal

Σέβομαι : respect

-έο /-έω αι Κλαίω : cry 

Φταίω : wrong

Καίω : burn

Αναπνέω : respire 

Λέω : tell

Πλέω : float

Ρέω :flow

-ένο /-αίνω αι μπαίνω :enter

βγαίνω : exit

ανεβαίνω : ascend

Δένω : tie

Πλένω : wash

μένω :I remain

-έρνο / -έρνω ε Γδέρνω : flay

Φέρνω : bring

Παίρνω : take
-έρο  /-αίρω αι Χαίρω : nice

Συγχαίρω : congratulation

Εξαίρω : glorify

Ξέρω : know

Φέρω : bring, fetch 

-ιάζο / -ιάζω ι Αγκαλιάζω : embrace

Νευριάζω : nervous

Βιάζομαι : hurry

Μοιάζω : resemble

Αδειάζω : evacuate 

Χρειάζομαι : need

νοιάζομαι : care

The verbs ending in -ίζω form the participle

 with endings in -ισμένος, -ισμένη, -ισμένο.

-ίζο / -ίζω

ι ποτίζω : water, irrigate

γεμίζω : fill

δακρύζω : shed tears

γογγύζω : grouch, growl

δανείζω:  lend, αθροίζω

αθροίζω : sum up

πήζω :  congeal, set, etc

-λο / -λλω λλ ανατέλλω : rise, as for the sun

αναβάλλω : postpone

Θέλω : want

Οφείλω : owe      etc 

(with a single –λ– in simple past

and in all the tenses which are

formed based on simple past’s root)

-λό / -λώ

λ Αμελώ : let slide

Γελώ : laugh

Καλώ : called

Κολλώ : adhere
The verbs ending in -ώνω form the participle with

endings in -ωμένος, -ωμένη, -ωμένο.

-όνο / -ώνω

-ω σιδερώνω (iron) –> σιδερωμένος

τελειώνω : finish

λερώνω : sully

θυμώνω : get angry

-σο /-σσω σσ  

Παρατάσσω : array, deploy

Αρέσω : be liked
-το / -ττω ττ Εισπράττω : collect

διαπράττω : perpetrate

Θέτω : pose 

Κείτομαι : repose

-ίνο  

-ίνω

-ήνω

-ύνω

 

 

Δίνω:, give,   κλίνω :

Αφήνω : let go

αμβλύνω : dull

απομακρύνω : remove 

-είνω  

Κλείνω : close

Τείνω : tend

Author[edit source]

➡ Marianthi

  • Ευγενική χορηγία που στοχεύει να βοηθήσει μαθητές ή μη, απανταχού της Γης, που επιδίδονται στην εκμάθηση της ελληνικής γλώσσας!
  • Contribution bénévole visant à aider les personnes, partout dans le monde, qui sont engagées dans l'apprentissage de la langue grecque !
  • Voluntary contribution aimed at helping people, all over the world, who are committed to learning the Greek language! 

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Participle-spelling&oldid=267771"