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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Croatian|Croatian]]  → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Croatian Grammar → Prepositions and Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Croatian|Croatian]]  → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Pronouns</div>
 
Welcome to this exciting lesson on Croatian grammar! Today, we will dive deep into the fascinating world of '''prepositions''' and '''pronouns'''. Understanding these two aspects is crucial for building the groundwork of your Croatian language skills. Why? Because prepositions help us establish relationships between words, while pronouns allow us to communicate more efficiently by replacing nouns in our sentences.
 
In this lesson, you can expect to learn:
 
* What prepositions and pronouns are, along with their functions in sentences
 
* Different types of Croatian prepositions and pronouns
 
* Examples to illustrate their usage
 
* Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding
 
So, let’s roll up our sleeves and get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Prepositions and Pronouns ==
=== Prepositions ===


Welcome to the lesson on Prepositions and Pronouns in Croatian Grammar! In this lesson, we will delve into the intricate world of prepositions and pronouns in the Croatian language.  
Let's begin by discussing '''prepositions'''. In Croatian, prepositions are words that express a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. They can indicate location, direction, time, and more.  


Prepositions and pronouns play a crucial role in constructing sentences and conveying meaning. They help us express relationships between different words and clarify the subject, object, or direction of an action. By mastering the use of prepositions and pronouns, you will be able to communicate more effectively and accurately in Croatian.
==== Types of Prepositions ====


Throughout this lesson, we will explore the different forms and functions of prepositions and pronouns in Croatian. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring a clear and thorough understanding of the topic. So, let's get started!
There are two main types of prepositions in Croatian:


=== Prepositions in Croatian ===
1. '''Simple Prepositions''': These are standalone words.


Prepositions are words that express relationships between nouns, pronouns, or other words in a sentence. They indicate location, direction, time, manner, or purpose. In Croatian, prepositions are an essential part of speech and are used extensively in everyday conversation.
2. '''Compound Prepositions''': These consist of two or more parts and often combine a preposition with a noun.


Croatian prepositions can be divided into several categories based on their usage and meaning. Some common categories include prepositions of place, prepositions of time, prepositions of manner, and prepositions of purpose. Let's take a closer look at each category and explore some examples.
==== Common Simple Prepositions ====


==== Prepositions of Place ====
Here are some of the most common simple prepositions in Croatian:


Prepositions of place are used to indicate the location or position of an object or person. They answer the question "where?" In Croatian, prepositions of place are crucial for describing the spatial relationship between objects. Here are some common prepositions of place:
{| class="wikitable"


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| u || oo || in, at
 
| u || oo || in
 
|-
|-
| na || nah || on, onto
 
| na || nah || on
 
|-
|-
| ispod || ees-pod || under, beneath
 
| iz || iz || from
 
|-
|-
| iznad || eez-nahv || above, over
 
| s || s || with
 
|-
|-
| pored || poh-red || beside, next to
|}


For example:
| do || doh || to
* "Kava je u šalici." (The coffee is in the cup.)
* "Knjiga je na stolu." (The book is on the table.)
* "Mačka je ispod stola." (The cat is under the table.)
* "Slika je iznad kreveta." (The picture is above the bed.)
* "Auto je pored zgrade." (The car is next to the building.)


==== Prepositions of Time ====
|-


Prepositions of time are used to indicate when an action takes place. They answer the question "when?" In Croatian, prepositions of time are crucial for expressing specific time periods or durations. Here are some common prepositions of time:
| o || oh || about


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| u || oo || in, at
 
| bez || behz || without
 
|-
|-
| na || nah || on
 
| pred || prehd || in front of
 
|-
|-
| prije || pree-ye || before
 
| iza || ee-zah || behind
 
|-
|-
| poslije || pohs-lee-ye || after
 
|-
| između || iz-meh-doo-ye || between
| tijekom || tee-yeh-kohm || during
 
|}
|}


For example:
==== Common Compound Prepositions ====
* "Sastanak je u pet." (The meeting is at five o'clock.)
* "Idem na odmor u srpnju." (I am going on vacation in July.)
* "Doručak je prije jela." (Breakfast is before lunch.)
* "Posjetit ću te poslije posla." (I will visit you after work.)
* "Tijekom ljeta idemo na more." (During the summer, we go to the sea.)


==== Prepositions of Manner ====
Now, let’s look at some common compound prepositions:


Prepositions of manner are used to indicate how an action is performed. They answer the question "how?" In Croatian, prepositions of manner are crucial for describing the way in which something is done. Here are some common prepositions of manner:
{| class="wikitable"


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| s || s || with
 
| ispod || ees-pohd || under
 
|-
|-
| bez || bez || without
 
| iznad || eez-nahd || above
 
|-
|-
| kao || kao || like, as
 
| pored || poh-rehd || beside
 
|-
|-
| putem || poo-tehm || through, by means of
 
| unutar || oo-noo-tar || inside
 
|-
|-
| prema || preh-mah || towards
|}


For example:
| izvan || eez-vahn || outside
* "Pisat ću pjesmu s olovkom." (I will write a poem with a pencil.)
* "Idem na plažu bez ručnika." (I am going to the beach without a towel.)
* "Ponašaj se kao odrasla osoba." (Behave like an adult.)
* "Komuniciramo putem e-maila." (We communicate through email.)
* "Idem prema tebi." (I am going towards you.)


==== Prepositions of Purpose ====
|-


Prepositions of purpose are used to indicate the reason or purpose of an action. They answer the question "why?" In Croatian, prepositions of purpose are crucial for expressing intentions or motivations. Here are some common prepositions of purpose:
| prema || prem-ah || towards


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| zbog || zbohg || because of
| zbog || zbohg || because of
|-
|-
| radi || rah-dee || for, in order to
 
| tijekom || tee-eh-kom || during
 
|-
|-
| s ciljem || s tsee-lyem || with the aim of
 
| kroz || krohz || through
 
|-
|-
| kako bi || kah-koh bee || in order to
 
|-
| oko || oh-koh || around
| za || zah || for
 
|}
|}


For example:
==== Usage of Prepositions ====
* "Nisam došao zbog kiše." (I didn't come because of the rain.)
 
* "Učim hrvatski radi posla." (I am learning Croatian for work.)
Prepositions can change the meaning of a sentence significantly. For instance:
* "Organiziramo koncert s ciljem promocije umjetnosti." (We are organizing a concert with the aim of promoting art.)
 
* "Učim kako bih bolje razumio jezik." (I am learning in order to better understand the language.)
* '''U školi''' (In the school)
* "Kupio sam poklon za tebe." (I bought a gift for you.)
 
* '''Na stolu''' (On the table)
 
In these examples, the prepositions "u" and "na" indicate the location of the subjects.
 
=== Pronouns ===
 
Now that we’ve covered prepositions, let’s move on to '''pronouns'''. Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition and make communication smoother.
 
==== Types of Pronouns ====
 
In Croatian, we have several types of pronouns:
 
1. '''Personal Pronouns''': Refer to specific people or things.


=== Pronouns in Croatian ===
2. '''Possessive Pronouns''': Indicate ownership.


Pronouns are words that replace nouns or noun phrases in a sentence. They help us avoid repetition and make our speech more concise. In Croatian, pronouns are an essential part of speech and are used extensively in everyday conversation.
3. '''Demonstrative Pronouns''': Point out specific items.


Croatian pronouns can be divided into several categories based on their usage and function. Some common categories include personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns. Let's take a closer look at each category and explore some examples.
4. '''Relative Pronouns''': Connect clauses.


==== Personal Pronouns ====
==== Personal Pronouns ====


Personal pronouns are used to refer to specific people or things. They can be subject pronouns, object pronouns, or possessive pronouns. In Croatian, personal pronouns play a crucial role in constructing sentences and expressing relationships between different elements. Here are the subject pronouns in Croatian:
Let's start with the personal pronouns, which are vital in everyday conversation:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ja || yah || I
| ja || yah || I
|-
|-
| ti || tee || you (singular)
| ti || tee || you (singular)
|-
| on || ohn || he
|-
| ona || oh-nah || she
|-
|-
| on/ona/ono || ohn/oh-nah/oh-noh || he/she/it
 
| ono || oh-no || it
 
|-
|-
| mi || mee || we
| mi || mee || we
|-
|-
| vi || vee || you (plural)
 
| vi || vee || you (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
| oni || oh-nee || they (masculine)
 
|-
 
| one || oh-neh || they (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| oni/one/ona || oh-nee/oh-neh/oh-nah || they
 
| ona || oh-nah || they (neutral)
 
|}
|}
For example:
* "Ja idem u kino." (I am going to the cinema.)
* "Ti si moj prijatelj." (You are my friend.)
* "Ona voli pjevati." (She likes to sing.)
* "Mi smo obitelj." (We are a family.)
* "Vi ste studenti." (You are students.)
* "Oni dolaze sutra." (They are coming tomorrow.)


==== Possessive Pronouns ====
==== Possessive Pronouns ====


Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession. They can be used instead of possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns in Croatian. Here are the possessive pronouns in Croatian:
Possessive pronouns show ownership:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| moj/moja/moje || moy/moy-ah/moy-eh || my/mine
 
| moj || moy || my
 
|-
|-
| tvoj/tvoja/tvoje || tvoy/tvoy-ah/tvoy-eh || your/yours (singular)
 
| tvoj || tvoy || your (singular)
 
|-
|-
| njegov/njezin/njegovo || nyeh-vohk/nyeh-zeen/nyeh-goh-voh || his/her/his, its
 
| njegov || nye-gov || his
 
|-
|-
| naš/naša/naše || nahsh/nah-shah/nah-sheh || our/ours
 
| njen || nyen || her
 
|-
|-
| vaš/vaša/vaše || vahsh/vah-shah/vah-sheh || your/yours (plural)
 
| naš || nahsh || our
 
|-
|-
| njihov/njihova/njihovo || nyee-khov/nyee-hoh-vah/nyee-khoh-voh || their/theirs
 
| vaš || vahsh || your (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
| njihov || nee-gov || their
 
|}
|}
For example:
* "Ovo je moja knjiga." (This is my book.)
* "Tvoja majica je lijepa." (Your t-shirt is beautiful.)
* "Njegov pas je velik." (His dog is big.)
* "Naša kuća je blizu." (Our house is close.)
* "Vaš automobil je crven." (Your car is red.)
* "Njihova kuća je velika." (Their house is big.)


==== Demonstrative Pronouns ====
==== Demonstrative Pronouns ====


Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific people or things. They can be used instead of demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns in Croatian. Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Croatian:
Demonstrative pronouns help to specify particular objects:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ovaj || oh-vah-y || this
|-
|-
| ovaj/ova/ovo || oh-vahy/oh-vah/oh-voh || this
 
| ona || oh-nah || that (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| taj/ta/to || taay/tah/toh || that
 
| ono || oh-no || that (neutral)
 
|-
|-
| onaj/ona/on || oh-nay/oh-nah/ohn || that (over there)
 
| ti || tee || these
 
|-
 
| oni || oh-nee || those
 
|}
|}


For example:
==== Relative Pronouns ====
* "Ovaj stol je nov." (This table is new.)
* "Taj auto je skup." (That car is expensive.)
* "Onaj čovjek je moj susjed." (That man over there is my neighbor.)


==== Interrogative Pronouns ====
Relative pronouns connect clauses and provide additional information:


Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people or things. They can be used instead of interrogative adjectives and interrogative pronouns in Croatian. Here are the interrogative pronouns in Croatian:
{| class="wikitable"


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koji || koh-yee || who/which
|-
|-
| tko || tko || who
 
| čiji || chee-yee || whose
 
|-
|-
| što || shtoh || what
| što || shtoh || what
|-
 
| koji/koja/koje || koh-yee/koh-yah/koh-yeh || which
|}
|}


For example:
=== Summary ===
* "Tko je to?" (Who is that?)
 
* "Što želiš?" (What do you want?)
In this lesson, we've explored prepositions and pronouns in Croatian, examining their types, functions, and usage. Mastering these elements is essential for constructing meaningful sentences and expressing yourself clearly.
* "Koji je tvoj omiljeni film?" (Which is your favorite movie?)
 
Now, it’s time for you to practice what you’ve learned!


=== Exercises ===
=== Exercises ===


Now that we have explored the different forms and functions of prepositions and pronouns in Croatian, it's time to put your knowledge into practice. Here are some exercises for you to complete:
Here are 10 exercises to solidify your understanding of prepositions and pronouns:
 
1. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions''':
 
* Ja idem ___ trgovinu. (I am going to the store.)
 
* Knjiga je ___ stolu. (The book is on the table.)
 
2. '''Translate the sentences using the provided pronouns''':
 
* (I) see (you) in the park.
 
* (They) are going (to the beach).
 
3. '''Choose the correct preposition from the options''':
 
* Sjedim (u/na) stolu. (I am sitting on the table.)
 
* Idem (do/od) kuće. (I am going to the house.)
 
4. '''Match the Croatian pronouns with their English equivalents''':
 
* ja
 
* ti
 
* on
 
* ona
 
5. '''Rewrite the sentences, replacing the nouns with appropriate pronouns''':
 
* Ana i Marko idu u kino. (Ana and Marko are going to the cinema.)
 
* Mačka pije mlijeko. (The cat is drinking milk.)
 
6. '''Form sentences using the given prepositions''':
 
* u
 
* iz
 
* s
 
7. '''Identify the possessive pronouns in the following sentences''':
 
* Ovo je moja knjiga. (This is my book.)
 
* Njihova kuća je velika. (Their house is big.)
 
8. '''Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun''':
 
* (Ovaj/Ona) je moj prijatelj. (This is my friend.)
 
* (Oni/Ti) su u parku. (Those are in the park.)
 
9. '''Translate the following sentences into Croatian''':
 
* This is my house.
 
* They are my friends.
 
10. '''Create a dialogue using at least five different prepositions and pronouns'''.
 
=== Solutions to Exercises ===
 
1.
 
* u
 
* na
 
2.
 
* Ja te vidim u parku.
 
* Oni idu na plažu.
 
3.
 
* Na
 
* Do
 
4.
 
* ja → I
 
* ti → you (singular)
 
* on → he
 
* ona → she
 
5.
 
* Oni idu u kino.
 
* Ona pije mlijeko.
 
6.
 
* Examples:
 
* Ja sam u kući.
 
* On dolazi iz škole.
 
* Mi smo s prijateljima.
 
7.
 
* moja
 
* njihova
 
8.
 
* Ovaj


1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition:
* Oni
a) Knjiga je ______ stolu. (on)
b) Sastanak je ______ pet. (at)
c) Idem ______ trgovinu. (to)
d) Pas je ______ vrtu. (in)
e) Putujem ______ avionom. (by)


2. Replace the underlined noun with the appropriate pronoun:
9.  
a) Ova pjesma je lijepa. (this song)
b) Taj zadatak je težak. (that task)
c) Njegova kuća je velika. (his house)
d) Koja je boja tvoje majice? (which color)
e) Tko je to? (that person)


Solutions:
* Ovo je moja kuća.
1. a) na, b) u, c) u, d) u, e) s
2. a) Ova je lijepa. b) Taj je težak. c) Njegova je velika. d) Koja je boja tvoje? e) Tko je to?


Congratulations! You have completed the exercises. Well done!
* Oni su moji prijatelji.


In this lesson, we have explored the fascinating world of prepositions and pronouns in Croatian Grammar. We have learned about different categories of prepositions and their usage in expressing place, time, manner, and purpose. We have also delved into the functions of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns. By mastering the use of prepositions and pronouns, you will be able to construct more accurate and meaningful sentences in Croatian.
10. (Example Dialogue):


Remember to practice using prepositions and pronouns in your everyday conversations to reinforce your understanding and improve your fluency. The more you practice, the more confident you will become in using prepositions and pronouns correctly.
* A: Gdje si?


Keep up the great work and continue exploring the rich and diverse world of the Croatian language!
* B: Ja sam u školi.
 
* A: I ja idem do kuće.
 
* B: Idemo s prijateljima.
 
* A: To je odlična ideja!
 
By completing these exercises, you will have a better grasp of how prepositions and pronouns function in Croatian. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel more comfortable using them in conversation!


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 00:03, 1 August 2024


Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Croatian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Pronouns

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Croatian grammar! Today, we will dive deep into the fascinating world of prepositions and pronouns. Understanding these two aspects is crucial for building the groundwork of your Croatian language skills. Why? Because prepositions help us establish relationships between words, while pronouns allow us to communicate more efficiently by replacing nouns in our sentences.

In this lesson, you can expect to learn:

  • What prepositions and pronouns are, along with their functions in sentences
  • Different types of Croatian prepositions and pronouns
  • Examples to illustrate their usage
  • Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding

So, let’s roll up our sleeves and get started!

Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Let's begin by discussing prepositions. In Croatian, prepositions are words that express a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. They can indicate location, direction, time, and more.

Types of Prepositions[edit | edit source]

There are two main types of prepositions in Croatian:

1. Simple Prepositions: These are standalone words.

2. Compound Prepositions: These consist of two or more parts and often combine a preposition with a noun.

Common Simple Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here are some of the most common simple prepositions in Croatian:

Croatian Pronunciation English
u oo in
na nah on
iz iz from
s s with
do doh to
o oh about
bez behz without
pred prehd in front of
iza ee-zah behind
između iz-meh-doo-ye between

Common Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s look at some common compound prepositions:

Croatian Pronunciation English
ispod ees-pohd under
iznad eez-nahd above
pored poh-rehd beside
unutar oo-noo-tar inside
izvan eez-vahn outside
prema prem-ah towards
zbog zbohg because of
tijekom tee-eh-kom during
kroz krohz through
oko oh-koh around

Usage of Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions can change the meaning of a sentence significantly. For instance:

  • U školi (In the school)
  • Na stolu (On the table)

In these examples, the prepositions "u" and "na" indicate the location of the subjects.

Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Now that we’ve covered prepositions, let’s move on to pronouns. Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition and make communication smoother.

Types of Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Croatian, we have several types of pronouns:

1. Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people or things.

2. Possessive Pronouns: Indicate ownership.

3. Demonstrative Pronouns: Point out specific items.

4. Relative Pronouns: Connect clauses.

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Let's start with the personal pronouns, which are vital in everyday conversation:

Croatian Pronunciation English
ja yah I
ti tee you (singular)
on ohn he
ona oh-nah she
ono oh-no it
mi mee we
vi vee you (plural/formal)
oni oh-nee they (masculine)
one oh-neh they (feminine)
ona oh-nah they (neutral)

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns show ownership:

Croatian Pronunciation English
moj moy my
tvoj tvoy your (singular)
njegov nye-gov his
njen nyen her
naš nahsh our
vaš vahsh your (plural/formal)
njihov nee-gov their

Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns help to specify particular objects:

Croatian Pronunciation English
ovaj oh-vah-y this
ona oh-nah that (feminine)
ono oh-no that (neutral)
ti tee these
oni oh-nee those

Relative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Relative pronouns connect clauses and provide additional information:

Croatian Pronunciation English
koji koh-yee who/which
čiji chee-yee whose
što shtoh what

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we've explored prepositions and pronouns in Croatian, examining their types, functions, and usage. Mastering these elements is essential for constructing meaningful sentences and expressing yourself clearly.

Now, it’s time for you to practice what you’ve learned!

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Here are 10 exercises to solidify your understanding of prepositions and pronouns:

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions:

  • Ja idem ___ trgovinu. (I am going to the store.)
  • Knjiga je ___ stolu. (The book is on the table.)

2. Translate the sentences using the provided pronouns:

  • (I) see (you) in the park.
  • (They) are going (to the beach).

3. Choose the correct preposition from the options:

  • Sjedim (u/na) stolu. (I am sitting on the table.)
  • Idem (do/od) kuće. (I am going to the house.)

4. Match the Croatian pronouns with their English equivalents:

  • ja
  • ti
  • on
  • ona

5. Rewrite the sentences, replacing the nouns with appropriate pronouns:

  • Ana i Marko idu u kino. (Ana and Marko are going to the cinema.)
  • Mačka pije mlijeko. (The cat is drinking milk.)

6. Form sentences using the given prepositions:

  • u
  • iz
  • s

7. Identify the possessive pronouns in the following sentences:

  • Ovo je moja knjiga. (This is my book.)
  • Njihova kuća je velika. (Their house is big.)

8. Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun:

  • (Ovaj/Ona) je moj prijatelj. (This is my friend.)
  • (Oni/Ti) su u parku. (Those are in the park.)

9. Translate the following sentences into Croatian:

  • This is my house.
  • They are my friends.

10. Create a dialogue using at least five different prepositions and pronouns.

Solutions to Exercises[edit | edit source]

1.

  • u
  • na

2.

  • Ja te vidim u parku.
  • Oni idu na plažu.

3.

  • Na
  • Do

4.

  • ja → I
  • ti → you (singular)
  • on → he
  • ona → she

5.

  • Oni idu u kino.
  • Ona pije mlijeko.

6.

  • Examples:
  • Ja sam u kući.
  • On dolazi iz škole.
  • Mi smo s prijateljima.

7.

  • moja
  • njihova

8.

  • Ovaj
  • Oni

9.

  • Ovo je moja kuća.
  • Oni su moji prijatelji.

10. (Example Dialogue):

  • A: Gdje si?
  • B: Ja sam u školi.
  • A: I ja idem do kuće.
  • B: Idemo s prijateljima.
  • A: To je odlična ideja!

By completing these exercises, you will have a better grasp of how prepositions and pronouns function in Croatian. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel more comfortable using them in conversation!

Table of Contents - Croatian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Croatian Culture and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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