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<div style="font-size:300%;">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


Remember: you don't have to memorise them all in a single time.
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
== Branches of Linguistics ==


To know a relatively clear categorization of linguistics, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|discriptive linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
== Lexicology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociallinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|[[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
== Historical Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|}
 
|}
== Interlinguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
 
|-
== Orthography ==
|[[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|[[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
 
|-
== Sociolinguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|Linguistics and its best-known branches.
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
Semiotics is not a part of linguistics, but it is closely related to linguistics.
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|Language and its similar words in definition.
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|non–pulmonic consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|[[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial–velar_consonant|labial–velar consonant]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial–coronal_consonant|labial–coronal consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Bidental_consonant|bidental consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|[[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti–alveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|[[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
 
|-
== Typography ==
|[[wikipedia:Coronal–velar_consonant|coronal–velar consonant]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|[[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato–alveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|[[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolar–palatal consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|[[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|[[wikipedia:Labio-palatalization|labial–palatal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Uvular–epiglottal_consonant|uvular–epiglottal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|[[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal cconsonant]]
*** round brackets
|}
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Peripheral_consonant|peripheral consonant]]
*** angle brackets
|}
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|[[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|[[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
** bold
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|[[wikipedia:Stop_consonant|stop consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|[[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|[[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]*
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|approximant consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|[[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
*** first person
{| class="wikitable"
*** second person
|[[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
*** third person
|-
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|[[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
*** masculine
|}
*** feminine
|}
*** neuter
|}
*** animate
{| class="wikitable"
*** inanimate
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|[[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|-
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
****indicative mood
|}
****energenic mood
|-
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
****potential mood
|[[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
== Morphology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|constituency-based parse tree
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|-
**positive
|dependency-based parse tree
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|}
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|
**affirmation
{| class="wikitable"
**negation
|-
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
**singular
|-
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
 
|-
== Syntax ==
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|-
** constituency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** dependency-based parse tree
|-
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|[[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|[[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
*** attributive adjective
|-
*** predicative adjective
|[[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|-
**** definite article
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
**** indifinite article
{| class="wikitable"
**** zero article
|attributive adjective
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|predicative adjective
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
*** preposition
|}
*** postposition
|-
*** circumposition
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** collective noun
|definite article
*** abstract noun
|-
*** concrete noun
|indifinite article
*** common noun
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|zero article
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
*** tritransitive verb
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|preposition
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|postposition
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|circumposition
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|collective noun
**argument clause
|}
**adjuctive clause
{| class="wikitable"
**predicative clause
|abstract noun
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|concrete noun
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|}
**simple sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound sentence
|common noun
**complex sentence
|-
**compound–complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
**declaritive sentence
|}
**interrogative sentence
|-
**exclamatory sentence
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
**imperative sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**instructive sentence
|-
**major sentence
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
**minor sentence
|}
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Rhetoric ==
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|[[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|tritransitive verb
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
 
|}
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
== Historical Linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|}
 
|}
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|-
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
== Lexicostatistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
 
|-
==-- AUTHOR --==
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
{{#seo:
|-
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|-
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
}}
|}
 
|-
{{other-lessons}}
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
|argument clause
|-
|adjuctive clause
|-
|predicative clause
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
{| class="wikitable"
|simple sentence
|-
|compound sentence
|-
|complex sentence
|-
|compound–complex sentence
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|declaritive sentence
|-
|interrogative sentence
|-
|exclamatory sentence
|-
|imperative sentence
|-
|instructive sentence
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|major sentence
|-
|minor sentence
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemets]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
{| class="wikitable"
|round brackets
|-
|curly brackets
|-
|square brackets
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
{| class="wikitable"
|first person
|-
|second person
|-
|third person
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|masculine
|-
|feminine
|-
|neuter
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|animate
|-
|inanimate
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmation
|-
|negation
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|}
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
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|-
|
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|-
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>sonorant also includes the vowel.

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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