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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bashkir|Bashkir]]  → [[Language/Bashkir/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bashkir/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verb To Be</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bashkir|Bashkir]]  → [[Language/Bashkir/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bashkir/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Pronouns and Verb To Be → Verb To Be</div>
Welcome to the lesson on the verb "to be" in Bashkir! Understanding this fundamental verb is crucial for building simple sentences and expressing existence, identity, and states. The verb "to be" serves as a cornerstone in any language, and Bashkir is no exception. In this lesson, we'll explore how to conjugate the verb "to be" in Bashkir, dive into its various forms, and learn how to create simple sentences using this essential verb.
 
This lesson is tailored for complete beginners and is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Bashkir Course." By the end of this lesson, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to use the verb "to be" in everyday conversations. Let's get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of the Verb "To Be" in Bashkir ===
 
In Bashkir, just as in English, the verb "to be" plays a vital role in forming sentences. It links the subject to a complement, providing essential information about the state or identity of the subject. Mastering this verb allows you to express basic ideas, describe yourself and others, and state facts.
 
The verb "to be" in Bashkir can be translated as "булырға" (bulırğa). However, its forms change according to the tense and the subject. In this lesson, we’ll focus on the present tense, as it is the most commonly used form for beginners.


Welcome to the Bashkir Grammar lesson on Pronouns and Verb To Be. In this lesson, we will learn how to conjugate the verb to be in Bashkir and how to form simple sentences. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Bashkir Course."
=== Structure of This Lesson ===


Personal pronouns are essential to all languages, and Bashkir is no exception. Knowing how to conjugate the verb to be and use personal pronouns will enable you to create simple sentences and introduce yourself in Bashkir.
1. '''Conjugation of the Verb "To Be" in the Present Tense'''


This lesson is designed for complete beginners and will take you through the basics of personal pronouns and the verb to be in Bashkir. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to form simple sentences and introduce yourself in Bashkir.
2. '''Examples of Usage'''


Let's get started!
3. '''Forming Simple Sentences'''  


== Personal Pronouns ==
4. '''Exercises and Practice Scenarios'''


Pronouns are an essential part of language and are used in place of nouns that have already been mentioned or are implied. They can be singular or plural and have different forms in different cases. Below are the personal pronouns in Bashkir:
== Conjugation of the Verb "To Be" in the Present Tense ==
 
In Bashkir, the present tense of the verb "to be" is expressed in a straightforward way. Below is the conjugation of the verb "to be" in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Bashkir !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Person !! Bashkir !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| минә || minä || I
 
| 1st Singular || мин бар (мин бармын) || min bar (min barmın) || I am
 
|-
|-
| сез || sez || you (formal or plural)
 
| 2nd Singular || һин бар (һин барһың) || hin bar (hin barhıŋ) || You are
 
|-
|-
| син || sin || you (informal and singular)
 
| 3rd Singular || ул бар || ul bar || He/She/It is
 
|-
|-
| ул || ul || he, she, it
 
|-
| 1st Plural || без бар (беҙ барбыҙ) || beź bar (beź barbıź) || We are
| беҙ || beð || we
 
|-
|-
| алар || alar || they
|}


Note that Bashkir personal pronouns have different forms depending on the case in which they are used. The nominative case is the most common case and is the form used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. We will focus on the nominative case in this lesson.
| 2nd Plural || һеҙ бар (һеҙ барһығыҙ) || heź bar (heź barhığıź) || You (plural/formal) are


Example:
|-
* Минә теләфон ноҫатында идем. (Minä telefon noqatında idem.) - I am at the phone booth.


In the example above, "Минә" (Minä) is the subject and the personal pronoun that replaces any noun referring to the person speaking.
| 3rd Plural || улар бар || ular bar || They are


== Verb To Be ==
|}


The verb to be is an essential verb in any language. In Bashkir, the verb "булыу" (buliu) means "to be" in English.  
As you can see, the verb "to be" changes based on the subject. It's essential to remember these forms as you begin to construct your sentences.


The Bashkir language does not have a verb for "have". Instead, it uses constructions like "I have a house" in which the verb "have" is replaced by the verb "to be" as in "Минәҙҙе хайым бар" (Minäððe hayaım bar) which literally means "At me there is a house."
=== Examples of Usage ===


In the present tense, we conjugate the verb to be in Bashkir as follows:
Let's look at some examples to illustrate how the verb "to be" is used in Bashkir. Below, you'll find various sentences demonstrating the use of "to be" in different contexts:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Bashkir !! Pronunciation !! English
! Bashkir !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Минә булым || Minä bulım || I am
 
| Мин уҡыусымын. || Min uqıwsımın. || I am a student.
 
|-
|-
| Сез булығыз || Sez bulığız || You are (formal or plural)
 
| Һин табипһың (һин врачһың). || hin tabiphıŋ (hin vračhıŋ). || You are a doctor.
 
|-
|-
| Син булығыҙ || Sin bulığıð || You are (informal and singular)
 
| Һеҙ башҡортһығыҙ. || heź başqorthığıź. || You (plural) are Bashkirs.
 
|-
|-
| Ул булыр || Ul bulyr || He, She, It is
 
| Беҙ дуҫтар. || Bez duśtar. || We are friends.
 
|-
|-
| Беҙ булығыҙ || Beð bulığıð || We are
 
| Һеҙ ата-әсә. || heź ata-äsä. || You (plural) are parents.
 
|-
|-
| Алар булырлар || Alar bulyrlar || They are
|}


Example:
| Улар уҡытыусылар. || Ular uqıtıwsılar. || They are teachers.
* Минә булым. (Minä bulım.) - I am.


In the example above, "Минә" (Minä) is the personal pronoun, and "булым" (bulım) is the first-person singular form of the verb to be in Bashkir.
|-


The past tense of the verb to be is formed as follows:
| Мин бындамын. || Min bındamın. || I am here.


{| class="wikitable"
! Bashkir !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Минәм булдым || Minäm buldım || I was
 
| Ул өйҙә. || Ul öydä. || She is at home.
 
|-
|-
| Сезҙең булдығыҙ || Sezðen buldığıð || You were (formal or plural)
 
| Беҙ мәктәптәбеҙ. || Bez mäktäptäbeź. || We are at school.
 
|-
|-
| Син булдығыҙ || Sin buldıð || You were (informal and singular)
 
|-
| Һин яҡшыһың. || hin yaqşıhıŋ. || You are good.
| Ул булды || Ul buldı || He, She, It was
 
|-
| Беҙләр булдыҡ || Beðlär buldıq || We were
|-
| Алар булды || Alar buldı || They were
|}
|}


Example:
These sentences provide a glimpse into how versatile the verb "to be" is in forming simple statements about identity and location.
* Минә булдым. (Minäm buldım.) - I was.
 
== Forming Simple Sentences ==
 
Now that we understand the conjugation and have seen examples, let's look at how to form simple sentences using the verb "to be." The basic structure is straightforward:
 
'''Subject + Verb "to be" + Complement.'''
 
For example:
 
* '''Мин уҡыусы.''' (I am a student.)
 
* '''Ул хәҙер бында.''' (He is now here.)
 
Here are some additional examples to further illustrate forming simple sentences:
 
1. '''Мин балаларыма ярҙам итәм.''' (I help my children.)
 
2. '''Син йондоҙ.''' (You are a star.)
 
3. '''Ул кесе.''' (She is small.)
 
4. '''Без байрамда.''' (We are at the celebration.)
 
5. '''Сез бәхетле.''' (You (plural) are happy.)
 
6. '''Улар хәҙер мәктәптә.''' (They are now at school.)
 
As you practice, remember that the subject can be a noun or a pronoun, and the complement can be an adjective, noun, or location.
 
== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ==
 
Now that you have a solid understanding of the verb "to be" in Bashkir, it's time to put your skills to the test! Here are 10 exercises designed to help you practice what you've learned.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb "to be."
 
1. Мин ____ (I) уҡыусы.
 
2. Син ____ (You) дус.
 
3. Ул ____ (He) врачы.
 
4. Без ____ (We) бәхетле.
 
5. Улар ____ (They) спортсылар.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. Мин барым (I am a student.)
 
2. Син барһың (You are a friend.)
 
3. Ул бар (He is a doctor.)
 
4. Без барбыҙ (We are happy.)
 
5. Улар бар (They are athletes.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ===
 
Translate the following sentences from English to Bashkir.
 
1. I am happy.
 
2. You are here.
 
3. She is a teacher.
 
4. We are friends.
 
5. They are at home.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. Мин бәхетле.
 
2. Син бында.
 
3. Ул уҡытыусы.
 
4. Без дуслар.
 
5. Улар өйҙә.
 
=== Exercise 3: Identify the Subject ===
 
Identify the subject in each of the following sentences:
 
1. Ул студент.
 
2. Мин бында.
 
3. Улар кесе.
 
4. Син яҙмыш.
 
5. Без китап.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. Ул (He)
 
2. Мин (I)
 
3. Улар (They)
 
4. Син (You)
 
5. Без (We)
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ===
 
Using the structure "Subject + Verb 'to be' + Complement," create your own sentences in Bashkir. Provide the English translation as well.
 
'''Example:'''
 
* Мин матур. (I am beautiful.)
 
=== Exercise 5: Match the Pairs ===
 
Match the Bashkir sentences with their English translations.
 
| Bashkir Sentence | English Translation |
 
| --------------- | ------------------- |
 
| 1. Син дус. | A. You are a teacher. |
 
| 2. Ул врач. | B. He is a friend. |
 
| 3. Мин уҡытыусы. | C. I am a doctor. |
 
| 4. Ул дус. | D. She is a friend. |
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1-D, 2-C, 3-A
 
=== Exercise 6: True or False ===
 
Determine if the statements are true or false.
 
1. "Ул бар" means "They are."
 
2. "Без барбыҙ" means "We are."
 
3. "Син барһың" means "You (pl) are."
 
4. "Мин барым" means "I am."
 
5. "Улар бар" means "He is."
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. False
 
2. True
 
3. False
 
4. True


In the example above, "Минә" (Minä) is the personal pronoun, and "булдым" (buldım) is the first-person singular past tense form of the verb to be in Bashkir.
5. False


The future tense of the verb to be is formed using the auxiliary verb "өзөнөн" (özönon):
=== Exercise 7: Sentence Transformation ===


{| class="wikitable"
Transform the sentences from singular to plural.
! Bashkir !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
1. Син матур. (You are beautiful.)
| Минә өзөнөн булам || Minä özönon bulam || I will be
 
|-
2. Ул уҡыусы. (He is a student.)
| Сез өзөнөң буласыз || Sez özöneñ bulasız || You will be (formal or plural)
 
|-
'''Answers:'''
| Син өзөнөң буласыһыҙ || Sin özöneñ bulasıðız || You will be (informal and singular)
 
|-
1. Сез матурһығыҙ. (You (pl) are beautiful.)
| Ул өзөнөн булачак || Ul özönon bulacaq || He, She, It will be
 
|-
2. Улар уҡыусылар. (They are students.)
| Беҙ өзөнөң буласыҡ || Beð özöneñ bulasıq || We will be
 
|-
=== Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Form ===
| Алар өзөнөн булачаклар || Alar özönon bulaçaqlar || They will be
 
|}
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "to be."
 
1. Син ____ (You) бында.
 
2. Ул ____ (He) бәхетле.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. Син барһың (You are here.)
 
2. Ул бар (He is happy.)
 
=== Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences ===


Example:
Rewrite the sentences in the negative form.
* Минә өзөнөн булам. (Minä özönon bulam.) - I will be.


In the example above, "Минә" (Minä) is the personal pronoun, and "өзөнөн булам" (özönon bulam) is the first-person singular future tense form of the verb to be in Bashkir.
1. Мин бәхетле. (I am happy.)


== Forming Simple Sentences ==
2. Ул студент. (He is a student.)


Now that we know how to conjugate the verb to be and use personal pronouns in Bashkir, we can form simple sentences. Let's take an example:
'''Answers:'''


"I am a student."
1. Мин бәхетле түгел. (I am not happy.)


In Bashkir, this sentence would be:
2. Ул студент түгел. (He is not a student.)
* Минә тәләбәм. (Minä täläbäm.)


In this sentence, "Минә" (Minä) is the personal pronoun for "I," and "тәләбәм" (täläbäm) is the noun for "student." "Булым" (bulım) is omitted here because personal pronouns are conjugated to show the "to be" verb.
=== Exercise 10: Create a Dialogue ===


Let's look at another example:
Write a short dialogue between two people using the verb "to be."


"You are a teacher."
'''Example:'''


In Bashkir, this sentence would be:
* A: Син кем? (Who are you?)
* Сез мугыйәсәрсеңез. (Sez muğiyeserseñez.)


In this sentence, "Сез" (Sez) is the formal pronoun for "you," and "мугыйәсәр" (muğiyeser) is the noun for "teacher." "Булығыз" (bulığız) is omitted here because personal pronouns are conjugated to show the "to be" verb.
* B: Мин уҡыусы. (I am a student.)


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==


Congratulations! You have learned how to conjugate the verb to be in Bashkir and how to use personal pronouns to form simple sentences. In this lesson, we focused on the present, past, and future tenses of the verb to be.
Congratulations! You've made significant strides in your understanding of the verb "to be" in Bashkir. Remember that mastering this verb is essential for forming basic sentences and expressing your thoughts. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to use the exercises provided to reinforce what you've learned. In the next lesson, we will explore numbers and time, which will further enhance your conversational skills in Bashkir. Happy learning!


Remember to practice using personal pronouns and the verb to be as much as possible to enhance your understanding and fluency in the Bashkir language.
{{#seo:


In the next lesson, we will learn about Bashkir numbers and how to tell time in Bashkir.
|title=Bashkir Grammar: Verb To Be


{{#seo:
|keywords=Bashkir, verb to be, language learning, Bashkir grammar, beginner Bashkir, Bashkir course
|title=Bashkir Grammar: Pronouns and Verb to Be - Learn Bashkir Online
 
|keywords=Bashkir Grammar, Bashkir Pronouns, Bashkir Verb To Be, Bashkir Translation, Learn Bashkir
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate the verb to be in Bashkir and how to form simple sentences. Perfect for beginners in the Bashkir language.
|description=Learn how to conjugate the verb to be in Bashkir and use personal pronouns to form simple sentences. Bashkir Grammar Lesson: Pronouns and Verb to Be.}}


}}


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==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Bashkir/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have Bashkir Grammar - How to Use "Have"]
* [https://journal.fi/store/article/view/69685/35123 THE QUOTATIVE IN BASHKIR]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Bashkir/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course Complete 0 to A1 Bashkir Course]




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==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Bashkir/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have Bashkir Grammar - How to Use "Have"]
* [https://journal.fi/store/article/view/69685/35123 THE QUOTATIVE IN BASHKIR]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Bashkir/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course Complete 0 to A1 Bashkir Course]


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Latest revision as of 19:31, 20 August 2024

◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️

Bashkir-flag-polyglotclub.png
BashkirGrammar0 to A1 Course → Verb To Be

Welcome to the lesson on the verb "to be" in Bashkir! Understanding this fundamental verb is crucial for building simple sentences and expressing existence, identity, and states. The verb "to be" serves as a cornerstone in any language, and Bashkir is no exception. In this lesson, we'll explore how to conjugate the verb "to be" in Bashkir, dive into its various forms, and learn how to create simple sentences using this essential verb.

This lesson is tailored for complete beginners and is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Bashkir Course." By the end of this lesson, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to use the verb "to be" in everyday conversations. Let's get started!

Importance of the Verb "To Be" in Bashkir[edit | edit source]

In Bashkir, just as in English, the verb "to be" plays a vital role in forming sentences. It links the subject to a complement, providing essential information about the state or identity of the subject. Mastering this verb allows you to express basic ideas, describe yourself and others, and state facts.

The verb "to be" in Bashkir can be translated as "булырға" (bulırğa). However, its forms change according to the tense and the subject. In this lesson, we’ll focus on the present tense, as it is the most commonly used form for beginners.

Structure of This Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Conjugation of the Verb "To Be" in the Present Tense

2. Examples of Usage

3. Forming Simple Sentences

4. Exercises and Practice Scenarios

Conjugation of the Verb "To Be" in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

In Bashkir, the present tense of the verb "to be" is expressed in a straightforward way. Below is the conjugation of the verb "to be" in the present tense:

Person Bashkir Pronunciation English
1st Singular мин бар (мин бармын) min bar (min barmın) I am
2nd Singular һин бар (һин барһың) hin bar (hin barhıŋ) You are
3rd Singular ул бар ul bar He/She/It is
1st Plural без бар (беҙ барбыҙ) beź bar (beź barbıź) We are
2nd Plural һеҙ бар (һеҙ барһығыҙ) heź bar (heź barhığıź) You (plural/formal) are
3rd Plural улар бар ular bar They are

As you can see, the verb "to be" changes based on the subject. It's essential to remember these forms as you begin to construct your sentences.

Examples of Usage[edit | edit source]

Let's look at some examples to illustrate how the verb "to be" is used in Bashkir. Below, you'll find various sentences demonstrating the use of "to be" in different contexts:

Bashkir Pronunciation English
Мин уҡыусымын. Min uqıwsımın. I am a student.
Һин табипһың (һин врачһың). hin tabiphıŋ (hin vračhıŋ). You are a doctor.
Һеҙ башҡортһығыҙ. heź başqorthığıź. You (plural) are Bashkirs.
Беҙ дуҫтар. Bez duśtar. We are friends.
Һеҙ ата-әсә. heź ata-äsä. You (plural) are parents.
Улар уҡытыусылар. Ular uqıtıwsılar. They are teachers.
Мин бындамын. Min bındamın. I am here.
Ул өйҙә. Ul öydä. She is at home.
Беҙ мәктәптәбеҙ. Bez mäktäptäbeź. We are at school.
Һин яҡшыһың. hin yaqşıhıŋ. You are good.

These sentences provide a glimpse into how versatile the verb "to be" is in forming simple statements about identity and location.

Forming Simple Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we understand the conjugation and have seen examples, let's look at how to form simple sentences using the verb "to be." The basic structure is straightforward:

Subject + Verb "to be" + Complement.

For example:

  • Мин уҡыусы. (I am a student.)
  • Ул хәҙер бында. (He is now here.)

Here are some additional examples to further illustrate forming simple sentences:

1. Мин балаларыма ярҙам итәм. (I help my children.)

2. Син йондоҙ. (You are a star.)

3. Ул кесе. (She is small.)

4. Без байрамда. (We are at the celebration.)

5. Сез бәхетле. (You (plural) are happy.)

6. Улар хәҙер мәктәптә. (They are now at school.)

As you practice, remember that the subject can be a noun or a pronoun, and the complement can be an adjective, noun, or location.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a solid understanding of the verb "to be" in Bashkir, it's time to put your skills to the test! Here are 10 exercises designed to help you practice what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb "to be."

1. Мин ____ (I) уҡыусы.

2. Син ____ (You) дус.

3. Ул ____ (He) врачы.

4. Без ____ (We) бәхетле.

5. Улар ____ (They) спортсылар.

Answers:

1. Мин барым (I am a student.)

2. Син барһың (You are a friend.)

3. Ул бар (He is a doctor.)

4. Без барбыҙ (We are happy.)

5. Улар бар (They are athletes.)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Bashkir.

1. I am happy.

2. You are here.

3. She is a teacher.

4. We are friends.

5. They are at home.

Answers:

1. Мин бәхетле.

2. Син бында.

3. Ул уҡытыусы.

4. Без дуслар.

5. Улар өйҙә.

Exercise 3: Identify the Subject[edit | edit source]

Identify the subject in each of the following sentences:

1. Ул студент.

2. Мин бында.

3. Улар кесе.

4. Син яҙмыш.

5. Без китап.

Answers:

1. Ул (He)

2. Мин (I)

3. Улар (They)

4. Син (You)

5. Без (We)

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the structure "Subject + Verb 'to be' + Complement," create your own sentences in Bashkir. Provide the English translation as well.

Example:

  • Мин матур. (I am beautiful.)

Exercise 5: Match the Pairs[edit | edit source]

Match the Bashkir sentences with their English translations.

| Bashkir Sentence | English Translation |

| --------------- | ------------------- |

| 1. Син дус. | A. You are a teacher. |

| 2. Ул врач. | B. He is a friend. |

| 3. Мин уҡытыусы. | C. I am a doctor. |

| 4. Ул дус. | D. She is a friend. |

Answers:

1-D, 2-C, 3-A

Exercise 6: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine if the statements are true or false.

1. "Ул бар" means "They are."

2. "Без барбыҙ" means "We are."

3. "Син барһың" means "You (pl) are."

4. "Мин барым" means "I am."

5. "Улар бар" means "He is."

Answers:

1. False

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. False

Exercise 7: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the sentences from singular to plural.

1. Син матур. (You are beautiful.)

2. Ул уҡыусы. (He is a student.)

Answers:

1. Сез матурһығыҙ. (You (pl) are beautiful.)

2. Улар уҡыусылар. (They are students.)

Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "to be."

1. Син ____ (You) бында.

2. Ул ____ (He) бәхетле.

Answers:

1. Син барһың (You are here.)

2. Ул бар (He is happy.)

Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the sentences in the negative form.

1. Мин бәхетле. (I am happy.)

2. Ул студент. (He is a student.)

Answers:

1. Мин бәхетле түгел. (I am not happy.)

2. Ул студент түгел. (He is not a student.)

Exercise 10: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Write a short dialogue between two people using the verb "to be."

Example:

  • A: Син кем? (Who are you?)
  • B: Мин уҡыусы. (I am a student.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You've made significant strides in your understanding of the verb "to be" in Bashkir. Remember that mastering this verb is essential for forming basic sentences and expressing your thoughts. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to use the exercises provided to reinforce what you've learned. In the next lesson, we will explore numbers and time, which will further enhance your conversational skills in Bashkir. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Bashkir Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verb To Be


Numbers and Time


Plurals and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Eating


Regular Verbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Bashkir Customs and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️