Difference between revisions of "Language/Romanian/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions"

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◀️ Describing Relationships — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Basic Conjunctions ▶️

Romanian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Prepositions

Welcome to the lesson on Basic Prepositions in Romanian! Prepositions are essential for forming meaningful sentences and establishing relationships between different elements in a sentence. Understanding prepositions will help you describe locations, directions, and relationships with clarity in Romanian.

In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions used in the Romanian language. We will cover in, on, under, and between, providing examples and exercises to help solidify your understanding.

The structure of our lesson will be as follows:

Introduction to Basic Prepositions

List of Common Basic Prepositions

Detailed Examples

Practice Exercises

Solutions and Explanations

Introduction to Basic Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They often indicate relationships in terms of time, place, and direction. In Romanian, prepositions are crucial for conveying meaning and ensuring that communication is clear and effective.

For instance, when you want to say where something is located, you will need to use prepositions. In English, we say, "The book is on the table." In Romanian, this would be "Cartea este pe masă." Here, "pe" is the preposition that connects "cartea" (the book) to "masă" (the table).

Now that we've established the importance of prepositions, let’s dive deeper into some of the basic ones you will encounter frequently in everyday conversations.

List of Common Basic Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here’s a list of the basic prepositions we will cover in this lesson:

în (in)

pe (on)

sub (under)

între (between)

Detailed Examples[edit | edit source]

Let's explore each preposition with clear examples to illustrate their usage in Romanian.

Preposition: în (in)[edit | edit source]

The preposition în is used to indicate that something is inside or within a certain space.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Cartea este în rucsac.	ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ɨn ˈruk.sak	The book is in the backpack.
Pisica este în casă.	piˈsi.ka ˈjes.te ɨn ˈka.sə	The cat is in the house.
Cumpăr pâine în supermarket.	ˈkum.pər ˈpɨ.ne ɨn su.perˈmar.ket	I buy bread in the supermarket.
Copiii joacă în parc.	koˈpi.i ˈʒo.a.kə ɨn ˈpark	The children are playing in the park.
Apa este în frigider.	ˈa.pa ˈjes.te ɨn fri.ʒiˈder	The water is in the fridge.

Preposition: pe (on)[edit | edit source]

The preposition pe indicates that something is on top of or in contact with a surface.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Cartea este pe birou.	ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te pe biˈrou	The book is on the desk.
Câinele stă pe iarbă.	ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə pe ˈjar.bə	The dog is lying on the grass.
Mărul este pe masă.	ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te pe ˈma.sə	The apple is on the table.
Ceaiul este pe raft.	ˈtʃai.ul ˈjes.te pe raft	The tea is on the shelf.
Laptopul este pe podea.	ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te pe poˈde.a	The laptop is on the floor.

Preposition: sub (under)[edit | edit source]

The preposition sub is used to describe something that is below or beneath another object.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Pisica se ascunde sub masă.	piˈsi.ka se asˈkun.de sub ˈma.sə	The cat is hiding under the table.
Câinele doarme sub pat.	ˈkɨ.i.ne.le ˈdoar.me sub pat	The dog sleeps under the bed.
Jucăria este sub canapea.	ʒu.kəˈri.a ˈjes.te sub ka.naˈpe.a	The toy is under the couch.
Mingeala este sub apă.	minˈʒe.a.lə ˈjes.te sub ˈa.pə	The ball is under the water.
Laptopul este sub birou.	ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te sub biˈrou	The laptop is under the desk.

Preposition: între (between)[edit | edit source]

The preposition între indicates a position that is in the middle of two or more objects.

Romanian	Pronunciation	English
Cartea este între cele două scaune.	ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.scau.ne	The book is between the two chairs.
Câinele stă între copaci.	ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə ˈɨn.tre koˈpa.tʃi	The dog is standing between the trees.
Mărul este între cele două mese.	ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.e ˈme.se	The apple is between the two tables.
Mașina este între blocuri.	maˈʃi.na ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈblok.uri	The car is between the buildings.
Cărțile sunt între rafturi.	ˈkɨr.t͡si.le sun ˈɨn.tre ˈraf.turi	The books are between the shelves.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned the basic prepositions and seen examples of their usage, it’s time to practice! Here are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences below with the correct preposition (în, pe, sub, între).

1. Cartea este ______ rucsac.

2. Câinele doarme ______ pat.

3. Mărul este ______ masă.

4. Pisica se ascunde ______ masă.

5. Ceaiul este ______ raft.

Exercise 2: Translate the sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Romanian, using the correct prepositions.

1. The book is in the backpack.

2. The dog is on the grass.

3. The toy is under the couch.

4. The apple is between the two tables.

5. The laptop is on the desk.

Exercise 3: Choose the correct preposition[edit | edit source]

Select the correct preposition to complete the sentences below.

1. Câinele stă ______ copaci. (între/sub)

2. Cartea este ______ frigider. (în/sub)

3. Mărul este ______ masă. (între/pe)

4. Laptopul este ______ birou. (pe/sub)

5. Copiii joacă ______ parc. (în/sub)

Exercise 4: Match the sentences[edit | edit source]

Match the Romanian sentences with their English translations.

1. Cartea este pe birou.

2. Pisica este în casă.

3. Câinele doarme sub pat.

4. Mărul este între cele două mese.

5. Apa este în frigider.

a. The cat is in the house.

b. The book is on the desk.

c. The apple is between the two tables.

d. The water is in the fridge.

e. The dog sleeps under the bed.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now let’s go through the solutions for each exercise to ensure you understand the material.

Solutions for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Cartea este în rucsac.

2. Câinele doarme sub pat.

3. Mărul este pe masă.

4. Pisica se ascunde sub masă.

5. Ceaiul este pe raft.

Solutions for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Cartea este în rucsac.

2. Câinele este pe iarbă.

3. Jucăria este sub canapea.

4. Mărul este între cele două mese.

5. Laptopul este pe birou.

Solutions for Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. Câinele stă între copaci.

2. Cartea este în frigider.

3. Mărul este pe masă.

4. Laptopul este pe birou.

5. Copiii joacă în parc.

Solutions for Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1 - b. The book is on the desk.

2 - a. The cat is in the house.

3 - e. The dog sleeps under the bed.

4 - c. The apple is between the two tables.

5 - d. The water is in the fridge.

Congratulations! You’ve made significant progress in understanding basic prepositions in Romanian. Remember to practice using these prepositions in your conversations, as they will help you express where things are located and how they relate to each other. Keep up the great work, and don't hesitate to review this lesson whenever you need!

Table of Contents - Romanian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verbs

Numbers and Time

Adjectives and Adverbs

Family and Friends

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Food and Drinks

Questions and Negations

Locations and Directions

Plurals and Articles

Hobbies and Activities

Romanian Culture and Traditions

Imperatives and Requests

Travel and Transportation

Romanian Geography and History

Videos[edit | edit source]

Basic Romanian Grammar Lesson 9: Morphology - The Preposition ...[edit | edit source]

Basic Romanian Grammar Lesson 1: Syntax - Building Sentences ...[edit | edit source]

Basic Romanian Grammar Lesson 6: Morphology - The Pronoun (1 ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Describing Relationships — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Basic Conjunctions ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Romanian/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|◀️ Describing Relationships — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Basic-Conjunctions|Next Lesson — Basic Conjunctions ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Romanian-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Romanian|Romanian]]  → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Prepositions</div>
+Welcome to the lesson on '''Basic Prepositions''' in Romanian! Prepositions are essential for forming meaningful sentences and establishing relationships between different elements in a sentence. Understanding prepositions will help you describe locations, directions, and relationships with clarity in Romanian.
+In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions used in the Romanian language. We will cover '''in''', '''on''', '''under''', and '''between''', providing examples and exercises to help solidify your understanding.
+The structure of our lesson will be as follows:
+* Introduction to Basic Prepositions
+* List of Common Basic Prepositions
+* Detailed Examples
+* Practice Exercises
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Romanian|Romanian]]  → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Basic Prepositions</div>
+* Solutions and Explanations
 __TOC__
-As a Romanian language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I understand the importance of learning prepositions in any language. Prepositions are essential in forming meaningful sentences, conveying location and movement, and describing the relationships between objects, people, and ideas. In this lesson, we will focus on some of the most basic prepositions in Romanian and how to use them in various contexts.
+=== Introduction to Basic Prepositions ===
+Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They often indicate relationships in terms of time, place, and direction. In Romanian, prepositions are crucial for conveying meaning and ensuring that communication is clear and effective.
+For instance, when you want to say where something is located, you will need to use prepositions. In English, we say, "The book is on the table." In Romanian, this would be "Cartea este pe masă." Here, "pe" is the preposition that connects "cartea" (the book) to "masă" (the table).
+Now that we've established the importance of prepositions, let’s dive deeper into some of the basic ones you will encounter frequently in everyday conversations.
+=== List of Common Basic Prepositions ===
+Here’s a list of the basic prepositions we will cover in this lesson:
+* '''în''' (in)
+* '''pe''' (on)
-<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Forming-Questions|Forming Questions]] & [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Polite-Requests|Polite Requests]].</span>
+* '''sub''' (under)
-== What are Prepositions? ==
-Prepositions are words used to connect nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a sentence. They are used to indicate direction, location, separation or attachment, time, and various other concepts. Prepositions typically come before a noun or pronoun and cannot stand alone in a sentence.
+* '''între''' (between)
-There are many prepositions in Romanian, but we will start with the most basic ones which are essential for beginners to learn.
+=== Detailed Examples ===
-== Basic Prepositions in Romanian ==
+Let's explore each preposition with clear examples to illustrate their usage in Romanian.
-Below are some of the most common prepositions used in Romanian:
+==== Preposition: în (in) ====
+The preposition '''în''' is used to indicate that something is inside or within a certain space.
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Cartea este în rucsac. || ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ɨn ˈruk.sak || The book is in the backpack.
+|-
+| Pisica este în casă. || piˈsi.ka ˈjes.te ɨn ˈka.sə || The cat is in the house.
 |-
-| în || [ɨn] || in / inside
+| Cumpăr pâine în supermarket. || ˈkum.pər ˈpɨ.ne ɨn su.perˈmar.ket || I buy bread in the supermarket.
 |-
-| pe || [pe] || on / over / upon
+| Copiii joacă în parc. || koˈpi.i ˈʒo.a.kə ɨn ˈpark || The children are playing in the park.
 |-
-| sub || [sub] || under / below
+| Apa este în frigider. || ˈa.pa ˈjes.te ɨn fri.ʒiˈder || The water is in the fridge.
+|}
+==== Preposition: pe (on) ====
+The preposition '''pe''' indicates that something is on top of or in contact with a surface.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| peste || [pest̪e] || across / beyond
+| Cartea este pe birou. || ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te pe biˈrou || The book is on the desk.
+|-
+| Câinele stă pe iarbă. || ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə pe ˈjar.bə || The dog is lying on the grass.
+|-
+| Mărul este pe masă. || ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te pe ˈma.sə || The apple is on the table.
+|-
+| Ceaiul este pe raft. || ˈtʃai.ul ˈjes.te pe raft || The tea is on the shelf.
+|-
+| Laptopul este pe podea. || ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te pe poˈde.a || The laptop is on the floor.
+|}
+==== Preposition: sub (under) ====
+The preposition '''sub''' is used to describe something that is below or beneath another object.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Pisica se ascunde sub masă. || piˈsi.ka se asˈkun.de sub ˈma.sə || The cat is hiding under the table.
+|-
+| Câinele doarme sub pat. || ˈkɨ.i.ne.le ˈdoar.me sub pat || The dog sleeps under the bed.
+|-
+| Jucăria este sub canapea. || ʒu.kəˈri.a ˈjes.te sub ka.naˈpe.a || The toy is under the couch.
+|-
+| Mingeala este sub apă. || minˈʒe.a.lə ˈjes.te sub ˈa.pə || The ball is under the water.
+|-
+| Laptopul este sub birou. || ˈlap.to.pul ˈjes.te sub biˈrou || The laptop is under the desk.
+|}
+==== Preposition: între (between) ====
+The preposition '''între''' indicates a position that is in the middle of two or more objects.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Romanian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| deasupra || [deasu'pra] || above / up
+| Cartea este între cele două scaune. || ˈkar.te.a ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.scau.ne || The book is between the two chairs.
 |-
-| în fața || [ɨn 'fats̪a] || in front of
+| Câinele stă între copaci. || ˈkɨ.i.ne.le stə ˈɨn.tre koˈpa.tʃi || The dog is standing between the trees.
 |-
-| în spate || [ɨn 'spate] || behind
+| Mărul este între cele două mese. || ˈmɨ.rul ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈtʃe.le ˈdwo.e ˈme.se || The apple is between the two tables.
 |-
-| lângă || ['laŋgə] || near / beside
+| Mașina este între blocuri. || maˈʃi.na ˈjes.te ˈɨn.tre ˈblok.uri || The car is between the buildings.
 |-
-| printre || ['printre] || among / between
+| Cărțile sunt între rafturi. || ˈkɨr.t͡si.le sun ˈɨn.tre ˈraf.turi || The books are between the shelves.
 |}
-Note that Romanian prepositions can change their form depending on the gender, number, and case of the noun they are used with. However, in this lesson, we will only focus on the basic form of each preposition.
+=== Practice Exercises ===
+Now that you have learned the basic prepositions and seen examples of their usage, it’s time to practice! Here are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding.
+==== Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks ====
+Complete the sentences below with the correct preposition (în, pe, sub, între).
+. Cartea este ______ rucsac.
+. Câinele doarme ______ pat.
+. Mărul este ______ masă.
+. Pisica se ascunde ______ masă.
+. Ceaiul este ______ raft.
+==== Exercise 2: Translate the sentences ====
+Translate the following sentences from English to Romanian, using the correct prepositions.
+. The book is in the backpack.
+. The dog is on the grass.
+. The toy is under the couch.
+. The apple is between the two tables.
+. The laptop is on the desk.
+==== Exercise 3: Choose the correct preposition ====
+Select the correct preposition to complete the sentences below.
+. Câinele stă ______ copaci. (între/sub)
+. Cartea este ______ frigider. (în/sub)
+. Mărul este ______ masă. (între/pe)
+. Laptopul este ______ birou. (pe/sub)
+. Copiii joacă ______ parc. (în/sub)
+==== Exercise 4: Match the sentences ====
+Match the Romanian sentences with their English translations.
-== Using Prepositions in Romanian Sentences ==
+. Cartea este pe birou.
-Prepositions can be used in various ways in a sentence, depending on the context and intention of the speaker. Below are some examples of how to use the basic prepositions we learned above:
+. Pisica este în casă.
-=== Using "în" ===
+. Câinele doarme sub pat.
-* Eu sunt în clasă. (I am in class.)
-* Cartea este în rucsacul meu. (The book is in my backpack.)
-* Mergeți în parc? (Are you going to the park?)
-=== Using "pe" ===
+. Mărul este între cele două mese.
-* O carte e pe masă. (A book is on the table.)
-* El merge pe strada principală. (He walks on the main street.)
-* Mătasea este pe scaun. (The silk is on the chair.)
-=== Using "sub" ===
+. Apa este în frigider.
-* Telefonul meu este sub pernă. (My phone is under the pillow.)
-* Paharul este sub masă. (The glass is under the table.)
-* Umbrela este sub scaun. (The umbrella is under the chair.)
-=== Using "peste" ===
+a. The cat is in the house.
-* Am mers peste pod. (We went across the bridge.)
-* Vedem muntele peste ape. (We see the mountain beyond the waters.)
-* Campusul este peste drum. (The campus is across the street.)
-=== Using "deasupra" ===
+b. The book is on the desk.
-* Soarele este deasupra norilor. (The sun is above the clouds.)
-* Păsările zboară deasupra copacilor. (The birds fly above the trees.)
-* Aproape deasupra țării noastre este mai mult cer. (Almost above our country, there's more sky.)
-=== Using "în fața" ===
+c. The apple is between the two tables.
-* Eu stau în fața casei tale. (I'm standing in front of your house.)
-* El este în fața noastră. (He is in front of us.)
-* Fata ta în fața teatrului așteaptă un taxi. (Your daughter is waiting for a taxi in front of the theater.)
-=== Using "în spate" ===
+d. The water is in the fridge.
-* Eu merg în spatele tău. (I'm walking behind you.)
-* Cartea este în spatele laptopului meu. (The book is behind my laptop.)
-* Fetițele mele se joacă în spatele casei. (My little girls are playing behind the house.)
-=== Using "lângă" ===
+e. The dog sleeps under the bed.
-* Eu am parcat lângă castel. (I parked near the castle.)
-* Restaurantul este lângă stadionul orașului. (The restaurant is next to the city's stadium.)
-* M-am cumpărat haine lângă tine la magazin. (I bought clothes next to you in the store.)
-=== Using "printre" ===
+=== Solutions and Explanations ===
-* Printre nori se poate vedea soarele. (The sun can be seen among the clouds.)
-* Văd un pupic printre sânii tăi. (I see a mole among your breasts.)
-* Am găsit mere bune printre acelea stricate. (I found good apples among the rotten ones.)
-== Conclusion ==
+Now let’s go through the solutions for each exercise to ensure you understand the material.
-Prepositions are essential in any language and Romanian is no exception. In this lesson, we learned some of the most basic prepositions in Romanian and how to use them in various contexts. By practicing their usage, you can improve your ability to form meaningful sentences and convey your intended meaning more accurately.
+==== Solutions for Exercise 1 ====
-Don't hesitate to practice using these prepositions in your Romanian conversations, and try to add more complex ones to your vocabulary over time. With dedication and consistency, you can build a strong foundation in Romanian grammar and become proficient in no time.
+. Cartea este '''în''' rucsac.
+. Câinele doarme '''sub''' pat.
+. Mărul este '''pe''' masă.
+. Pisica se ascunde '''sub''' masă.
+. Ceaiul este '''pe''' raft.
+==== Solutions for Exercise 2 ====
+. Cartea este '''în''' rucsac.
+. Câinele este '''pe''' iarbă.
+. Jucăria este '''sub''' canapea.
+. Mărul este '''între''' cele două mese.
+. Laptopul este '''pe''' birou.
+==== Solutions for Exercise 3 ====
+. Câinele stă '''între''' copaci.
+. Cartea este '''în''' frigider.
+. Mărul este '''pe''' masă.
+. Laptopul este '''pe''' birou.
+. Copiii joacă '''în''' parc.
+==== Solutions for Exercise 4 ====
+- b. The book is on the desk.
+- a. The cat is in the house.
+- e. The dog sleeps under the bed.
+- c. The apple is between the two tables.
+- d. The water is in the fridge.
+Congratulations! You’ve made significant progress in understanding basic prepositions in Romanian. Remember to practice using these prepositions in your conversations, as they will help you express where things are located and how they relate to each other. Keep up the great work, and don't hesitate to review this lesson whenever you need!
-<span link>Upon wrapping up this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Gender-of-Nouns|Gender of Nouns]] & [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Romanian Grammar: Prepositions and Conjunctions - Basic Prepositions
-|keywords=Romanian grammar, basic prepositions, Romanian vocabulary
+|title=Learn Basic Prepositions in Romanian
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn some of the most basic prepositions in Romanian, such as in, on, under, and between. Practice how to use them to express different concepts in meaningful sentences, and become proficient in Romanian grammar.
+|keywords=Romanian prepositions, Romanian grammar, basic Romanian, Romanian language, learn Romanian, language learning
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basic prepositions in Romanian, including examples and practice exercises to help you master their use.
 }}
-{{Romanian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Romanian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 113: / Line 313: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Romanian-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 125: / Line 325: @@
 ===Basic Romanian Grammar Lesson 6: Morphology - The Pronoun (1 ...===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7eIrbw0xbY</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_grammar Romanian grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [http://mylanguages.org/romanian_prepositions.php Romanian Prepositions]
+* [http://learn101.org/romanian_grammar.php Romanian Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
 ==Other Lessons==
@@ Line 137: / Line 346: @@
 * [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_grammar Romanian grammar - Wikipedia]
-* [http://mylanguages.org/romanian_prepositions.php Romanian Prepositions]
-* [http://learn101.org/romanian_grammar.php Romanian Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
 {{Romanian-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Romanian/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|◀️ Describing Relationships — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Basic-Conjunctions|Next Lesson — Basic Conjunctions ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>