Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Prepositions-and-Conjunctions

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Malay (individual language) Grammar → Prepositions and Conjunctions

Welcome to the lesson on Prepositions and Conjunctions! This part of our course is crucial as it helps you connect ideas and describe relationships in the Malay language. Understanding how to use these grammatical tools will enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Malay.

In this lesson, we will explore:

• What prepositions and conjunctions are

• The importance of these in sentence structure

• A variety of examples to illustrate their use

• Practical exercises to reinforce your learning

So, let’s dive into the world of Malay prepositions and conjunctions!

Introduction to Prepositions

Prepositions are words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns, or phrases in a sentence. They help to provide context, such as location, direction, time, and manner. In Malay, prepositions are essential for forming meaningful sentences.

Common Malay Prepositions

Below is a list of some of the most common prepositions in Malay:

• di - at/in/on

• ke - to

• dari - from

• untuk - for

• dengan - with

• tanpa - without

• antara - between/among

• sebelum - before

• selepas - after

• di luar - outside

• di dalam - inside

Examples Table

To illustrate the use of these prepositions, here are some examples:

Malay (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Saya tinggal di Kuala Lumpur.	saɪ̯ə tɪŋɡal di kuɑlɑ lʊmpʊr	I live in Kuala Lumpur.
Dia pergi ke sekolah.	diɑ pərɡi kə sɪkɔlɑh	He goes to school.
Buku ini dari perpustakaan.	buːku ini dɑri pərpustəkaˈɑn	This book is from the library.
Hadiah ini untuk kamu.	hɑdiɑh ini untʊrk kɑmu	This gift is for you.
Saya makan dengan nasi.	saɪ̯ə mɑkɑn dɛŋan nɑsi	I eat with rice.
Dia pergi tanpa saya.	diɑ pərɡi tɑnpɑ sɑjɑ	He goes without me.
Buku itu ada di atas meja.	buːku itu ɑdɑ di ɑtɑs mɛdʒɑ	The book is on the table.
Dia duduk di dalam kereta.	diɑ dudʊk di dɑlɑm kəˈrɛtɑ	He sits inside the car.
Kami bertemu antara dua pokok.	kɑmi bərtəmʊ ɑntɑrə duɑ pɔkɔk	We meet between two trees.
Saya akan datang sebelum hujan.	saɪ̯ə ɑkɑn dɑtɑŋ sɪbɛlʊm huʤɑn	I will come before the rain.

Introduction to Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that join clauses, sentences, or words together. They are vital for creating more complex sentences and expressing relationships between ideas.

Common Malay Conjunctions

Here are some frequently used conjunctions in Malay:

• dan - and

• atau - or

• tetapi - but

• kerana - because

• jika - if

• walaupun - although

• sementara - while

• sebab - since

• apabila - when

• sebelum - before

Examples Table

Let’s look at some examples of how conjunctions are used:

Malay (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Saya suka kopi dan teh.	saɪ̯ə suːkɑ kɔpi dɑn tɛh	I like coffee and tea.
Anda mahu nasi atau roti?	ɑndɑ mɑhu nɑsi ɑtɑu rɔti	Do you want rice or bread?
Dia datang tetapi hujan.	diɑ dɑtɑŋ tɛtɑpi huʤɑn	He comes but it rains.
Saya pergi ke pasar kerana perlu membeli barang.	saɪ̯ə pərɡi kə pɑsɑr kɛrɑnɑ pəʊr.lu məm.bɛ.li bɑrɑŋ	I go to the market because I need to buy things.
Jika hujan, kita akan tinggal di rumah.	dʒɪkɑ huʤɑn, ki.tɑ ɑkɑn tɪŋɡɑl di rʊmɑh	If it rains, we will stay at home.
Walaupun letih, dia tetap pergi.	wɑlɑʊ̯pʊn lɛtɪh, diɑ tɛtɑp pərɡi	Although tired, he still goes.
Saya membaca buku sementara menunggu.	saɪ̯ə məm.bɑʧɑ buːku səmɛntɑrɑ mɛnʊnɡʊ	I read a book while waiting.
Dia tidak datang sebab sakit.	diɑ tɪdɑk dɑtɑŋ səbʌb sɑkɪt	She didn’t come because she was sick.
Apabila saya tiba, kita makan.	ɑpɑbɪlɑ saɪ̯ə tɪbɑ, ki.tɑ mɑkɑn	When I arrive, we eat.
Dia suka bermain tetapi tidak pandai.	diɑ suːkɑ bərmɑɪn tɛtɑpi tɪdɑk pɑndɑɪ	She likes to play but is not good at it.

Practice Exercises

Now that we’ve covered the basics, it’s time to put what you’ve learned into practice! Below are some exercises to help you apply your knowledge of prepositions and conjunctions.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition or conjunction from the options provided.

1. Saya tinggal ___ Kuala Lumpur. (di, ke, dari)

2. Dia suka nasi ___ ayam. (dan, atau, tetapi)

3. Kami pergi ___ pasar ___ membeli sayur. (ke, untuk, dan)

4. ___ hujan, kami tidak keluar. (Tetapi, Jika, Dan)

5. Dia belajar ___ dia lulus. (supaya, kerana, tetapi)

Exercise 2: Sentence Creation

Create sentences using the following words.

1. (di) + (teman) + (bekerja)

2. (tetapi) + (suka) + (tidak)

3. (antara) + (dua) + (pilihan)

4. (jika) + (dia) + (datang)

5. (sementara) + (menunggu) + (makan)

Exercise 3: Translation Exercise

Translate the following sentences into Malay.

1. I live in Malaysia but my friend lives in Singapore.

2. He goes to school with his sister.

3. They will stay at home because it is raining.

4. You can have tea or coffee.

5. Before the meeting, I will prepare the materials.

Exercise 4: Matching Exercise

Match the Malay sentences with their English translations.

1. Dia pergi ke kedai.

2. Kami suka bermain bola.

3. Saya membaca buku di rumah.

4. Dia datang sebelum saya.

5. Kita pergi tanpa dia.

A. We like to play ball.

B. I read a book at home.

C. He comes before me.

D. He goes to the store.

E. We go without him.

Exercise 5: Correct the Mistakes

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Saya pergi dan pasar.

2. Dia tinggal dari rumah.

3. Kita makan tanpa nasi dan roti.

4. Dia datang tetapi hujan.

5. Saya suka kopi tetapi teh.

Solutions and Explanations

Here are the solutions to the exercises:

Exercise 1 Solutions

1. di

2. dan

3. ke, untuk

4. Jika

5. supaya

Exercise 2 Example Solutions

1. Saya bekerja di teman. (I work with a friend.)

2. Dia suka tetapi tidak pandai. (She likes but is not good.)

3. Pilihan antara dua. (Choice between two.)

4. Jika dia datang, kita makan. (If he comes, we eat.)

5. Sementara menunggu, saya makan. (While waiting, I eat.)

Exercise 3 Solutions

1. Saya tinggal di Malaysia tetapi kawan saya tinggal di Singapura.

2. Dia pergi ke sekolah dengan adiknya.

3. Mereka akan tinggal di rumah kerana hujan.

4. Anda boleh minum teh atau kopi.

5. Sebelum mesyuarat, saya akan menyediakan bahan-bahan.

Exercise 4 Solutions

1 - D

2 - A

3 - B

4 - C

5 - E

Exercise 5 Solutions

1. Saya pergi ke pasar. (I go to the market.)

2. Dia tinggal di rumah. (He lives at home.)

3. Kita makan nasi dan roti. (We eat rice and bread.)

4. Dia datang tetapi tidak hujan. (He comes but it does not rain.)

5. Saya suka kopi dan teh. (I like coffee and tea.)

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing this lesson on Prepositions and Conjunctions in Malay! You have taken an important step towards mastering the foundational elements of sentence structure in this beautiful language. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel more confident in your ability to express yourself in Malay. In the next lesson, we will tackle questions and interrogatives, which will further enhance your conversational skills.

Thank you for your commitment, and happy learning!

Table of Contents - Malay (individual language) Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction

• Alphabet and Pronunciation
• Nouns and Pronouns
• Verbs and Tenses
• Adjectives and Adverbs
• Prepositions and Conjunctions
• Questions and Interrogatives

  ---

Basic Vocabulary

• Food and Drinks
• Numbers and Counting
• Colors and Shapes
• Everyday Objects
• Family and Relationships
• Travel and Transportation
• Jobs and Professions

  ---

Malay Culture and Tradition

• Religion and Festivals
• Malay Customs and Traditions
• Art and Music
• Malay Cuisine

  ---

Intermediate Structures

• Relative Clauses
• Passive Voice
• Conditional Sentences
• Causative Verbs

  ---

Advanced Vocabulary

• Politics and Government
• Science and Technology
• Literature and Poetry
• Business and Finance

  ---

Modern Malaysia

• Malay Society Today
• Pop Culture and Entertainment

  ---

A1 Exam Preparation

• A1 Exam Overview
• Exam Strategies
• Practice Exams

Other Lessons

• Exam Strategies
• Relative Clauses
• Adjectives
• Conditional Sentences
• Passive Voice
• 0 to A1 Course
• Practice Exams
• Verbs and Tenses
• How to Use Be
• Adjectives and Adverbs

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