Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|discriptive linguistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|[[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|[[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
 
|-
== Lexicology ==
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociallinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|[[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|[[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
 
|}
== Historical Linguistics ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
 
|-
== Interlinguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|[[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
== Orthography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|}
 
|
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|-
== Typography ==
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|
*** round brackets
|
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
*** angle brackets
|
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
** bold
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
== Semantics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
*** first person
|}
*** second person
|
*** third person
|
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
*** masculine
|
*** feminine
|
*** neuter
|
*** animate
|-
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|-
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|-
****indicative mood
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
****energenic mood
|-
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|attributive adjective
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|predicative adjective
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
****potential mood
|}
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|definite article
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|indifinite article
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|zero article
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|}
 
|-
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|preposition
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|postposition
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|circumposition
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|collective noun
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|abstract noun
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|concrete noun
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|common noun
**positive
|-
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
**superlative
|}
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|-
**affirmation
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
**negation
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|-
**singular
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Syntax ==
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
** constituency-based parse tree
{| class="wikitable"
** dependency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|tritransitive verb
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** attributive adjective
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
*** predicative adjective
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** definite article
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*** preposition
|-
*** postposition
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
*** circumposition
|}
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|
*** collective noun
|
*** abstract noun
|
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|}
*** tritransitive verb
|
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|argument clause
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|adjuctive clause
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|predicative clause
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
**argument clause
|}
**adjuctive clause
|
**predicative clause
|
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
**simple sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound sentence
|simple sentence
**complex sentence
|-
**compound–complex sentence
|compound sentence
**declaritive sentence
|-
**interrogative sentence
|complex sentence
**exclamatory sentence
|-
**imperative sentence
|compound-complex sentence
**instructive sentence
|}
**major sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**minor sentence
|declaritive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|exclamatory sentence
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|imperative sentence
== Rhetoric ==
|-
 
|instructive sentence
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|major sentence
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|minor sentence
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|-
 
|grammatical category
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|first person
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|second person
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|third person
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
 
|}
== Historical Linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
 
|}
== Anthropological linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Lexicostatistics ==
|-
 
|masculine
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|-
 
|feminine
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|neuter
 
|}
{{#seo:
{| class="wikitable"
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|animate
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|-
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|inanimate
}}
|}
 
|}
{{other-lessons}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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