Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|-
== Lexicology ==
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|
 
|
== Orthography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|
 
|
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
 
|
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|attributive adjective
*** round brackets
|-
*** curly brackets
|predicative adjective
*** square brackets
|-
*** angle brackets
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
{| class="wikitable"
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|indifinite article
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|zero article
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
 
|-
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|preposition
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|postposition
*** first person
|-
*** second person
|circumposition
*** third person
|}
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** masculine
|collective noun
*** feminine
|}
*** neuter
{| class="wikitable"
*** animate
|abstract noun
*** inanimate
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|concrete noun
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|common noun
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
***simple aspect
|-
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|}
****indicative mood
|-
****energenic mood
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****potential mood
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|argument clause
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|-
**positive
|adjuctive clause
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
**superlative
|predicative clause
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|}
**affirmation
{| class="wikitable"
**negation
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|-
**singular
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Syntax ==
|simple sentence
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|compound sentence
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|-
** constituency-based parse tree
|complex sentence
** dependency-based parse tree
|-
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|compound-complex sentence
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|declaritive sentence
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|interrogative sentence
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|exclamatory sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|imperative sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|instructive sentence
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|}
*** attributive adjective
{| class="wikitable"
*** predicative adjective
|major sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|minor sentence
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|
**** definite article
|
**** indifinite article
|
**** zero article
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|
*** preposition
|-
*** postposition
|grammatical category
*** circumposition
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|first person
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|second person
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|third person
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|}
*** tritransitive verb
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|masculine
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|feminine
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|neuter
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|animate
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|inanimate
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|}
**argument clause
|}
**adjuctive clause
{| class="wikitable"
**predicative clause
|-
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
**simple sentence
|-
**compound sentence
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
**complex sentence
|-
**compound–complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
**declaritive sentence
|-
**interrogative sentence
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
**exclamatory sentence
|-
**imperative sentence
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
**instructive sentence
|-
**major sentence
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
 
|}
== Rhetoric ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
== Linguistic typology ==
|simple aspect
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
== Historical Linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|indicative mood
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|energenic mood
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
== Anthropological linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
== Lexicostatistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
 
|-
{{#seo:
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|-
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|potential mood
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|-
}}
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
 
|}
{{other-lessons}}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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