Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|-
== Lexicology ==
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|
 
|
== Orthography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|
 
|
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
 
|
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|-
== Typography ==
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|attributive adjective
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|predicative adjective
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|-
*** round brackets
|indifinite article
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|zero article
*** angle brackets
|}
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** bold
|-
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|preposition
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|postposition
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|circumposition
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|}
 
|-
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|collective noun
*** first person
|}
*** second person
{| class="wikitable"
*** third person
|abstract noun
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|concrete noun
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|common noun
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|}
*** masculine
|-
*** feminine
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
*** neuter
{| class="wikitable"
*** animate
|-
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|-
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****indicative mood
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
****energenic mood
|}
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|}
****potential mood
|
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
== Morphology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|argument clause
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|adjuctive clause
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|predicative clause
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|simple sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|compound sentence
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|-
**positive
|compound-complex sentence
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|}
**superlative
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|declaritive sentence
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|-
**singular
|exclamatory sentence
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|imperative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|instructive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|major sentence
== Syntax ==
|-
 
|minor sentence
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|
** constituency-based parse tree
|
** dependency-based parse tree
|
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|grammatical category
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
*** attributive adjective
|-
*** predicative adjective
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|}
**** definite article
{| class="wikitable"
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|masculine
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|-
*** preposition
|feminine
*** postposition
|-
*** circumposition
|neuter
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|animate
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|inanimate
*** concrete noun
|}
*** common noun
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
*** tritransitive verb
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
**argument clause
|-
**adjuctive clause
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
**predicative clause
|-
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
**simple sentence
|}
**compound sentence
|}
**complex sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound–complex sentence
|-
**declaritive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
**interrogative sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**exclamatory sentence
|-
**imperative sentence
|simple aspect
**instructive sentence
|-
**major sentence
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
== Rhetoric ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|energenic mood
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood][[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|subjunctive mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|[wikipedia:Imperative_mood][[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|imperative mood]]
 
|-
== Linguistic typology ==
|[wikipedia:Interrogative][[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|interrogative mood]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|potential mood
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
 
|}
== Historical Linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|}
 
|-
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
 
|-
== Lexicostatistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
{{#seo:
|positive
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|-
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|-
}}
|superlative
 
|}
{{other-lessons}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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