Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|attributive adjective
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|predicative adjective
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|indifinite article
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|zero article
*** round brackets
|}
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
*** angle brackets
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|}
** bold
|-
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|preposition
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|postposition
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|circumposition
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
== Semantics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|collective noun
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|abstract noun
*** first person
|-
*** second person
|concrete noun
*** third person
|}
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|common noun
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** masculine
|-
*** feminine
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
*** neuter
|}
*** animate
{| class="wikitable"
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****indicative mood
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
****energenic mood
|}
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|
****potential mood
|-
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
 
|}
== Morphology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|argument clause
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|adjuctive clause
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|predicative clause
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|simple sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|compound sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|compound-complex sentence
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
**positive
|declaritive sentence
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
**superlative
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|-
**affirmation
|exclamatory sentence
**negation
|-
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|imperative sentence
**singular
|-
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|instructive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|major sentence
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|minor sentence
 
|}
== Syntax ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|-
** constituency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
** dependency-based parse tree
|
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|grammatical category
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|}
*** attributive adjective
{| class="wikitable"
*** predicative adjective
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
**** definite article
{| class="wikitable"
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|masculine
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|feminine
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|neuter
*** preposition
|}
*** postposition
{| class="wikitable"
*** circumposition
|animate
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|inanimate
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|}
*** collective noun
|}
*** abstract noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|-
**argument clause
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
**adjuctive clause
|-
**predicative clause
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
{| class="wikitable"
**simple sentence
|-
**compound sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
**complex sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound–complex sentence
|-
**declaritive sentence
|simple aspect
**interrogative sentence
|-
**exclamatory sentence
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
**imperative sentence
|-
**instructive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
**major sentence
|}
**minor sentence
|}
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
 
|-
== Rhetoric ==
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Linguistic typology ==
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|positive
== Historical Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|superlative
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
== Anthropological linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|affirmative
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
 
|negative
== Lexicostatistics ==
|}
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
==-- AUTHOR --==
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|singular
{{#seo:
|-
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|}
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|}
}}
|
 
|
{{other-lessons}}
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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