Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|article
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|pronoun
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|adposition
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|-
 
|conjunction
== Typography ==
|-
 
|auxillary verb
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|interjection
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|particle
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|expletive
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|pro-sentence
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|-
*** round brackets
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
*** curly brackets
{| class="wikitable"
*** square brackets
|attributive adjective
*** angle brackets
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|predicative adjective
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|}
** bold
|-
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|indifinite article
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|zero article
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
== Semantics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** first person
|preposition
*** second person
|-
*** third person
|postposition
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|circumposition
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|-
*** masculine
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
*** feminine
|}
*** neuter
{| class="wikitable"
*** animate
|common noun
*** inanimate
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
***simple aspect
|}
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
****indicative mood
|-
****energenic mood
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|}
****potential mood
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|argument clause
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|adjuctive clause
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|predicative clause
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
**positive
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|simple sentence
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|compound sentence
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|-
**singular
|compound-complex sentence
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|declaritive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|-
 
|exclamatory sentence
== Syntax ==
|-
 
|imperative sentence
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|instructive sentence
** constituency-based parse tree
|}
** dependency-based parse tree
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|major sentence
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|minor sentence
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|-
*** attributive adjective
|grammatical category
*** predicative adjective
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|-
**** definite article
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|}
*** preposition
{| class="wikitable"
*** postposition
|-
*** circumposition
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|masculine
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|feminine
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|neuter
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|animate
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|inanimate
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** tritransitive verb
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|-
**argument clause
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
**adjuctive clause
|}
**predicative clause
|}
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
**simple sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound sentence
|-
**complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
**compound–complex sentence
|-
**declaritive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
**interrogative sentence
|-
**exclamatory sentence
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
**imperative sentence
|}
**instructive sentence
|}
**major sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|simple aspect
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
== Rhetoric ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Linguistic typology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|positive
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
 
|-
== Lexicostatistics ==
|superlative
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
{{#seo:
|affirmative
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|-
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|negative
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|}
}}
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
{{other-lessons}}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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