Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|singular
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|article
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|pronoun
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|adposition
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|conjunction
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|auxillary verb
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|interjection
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|particle
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|expletive
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|pro-sentence
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|-
*** round brackets
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
*** angle brackets
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
{| class="wikitable"
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|indifinite article
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|zero article
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
 
|-
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|preposition
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|postposition
*** first person
|-
*** second person
|circumposition
*** third person
|}
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** masculine
|common noun
*** feminine
|-
*** neuter
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
*** animate
|}
*** inanimate
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|}
***simple aspect
|}
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|-
****indicative mood
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
****energenic mood
|-
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
****potential mood
|}
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
 
|-
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|argument clause
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|adjuctive clause
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|predicative clause
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|simple sentence
**positive
|-
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|compound sentence
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|complex sentence
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|compound-complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|}
**singular
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|declaritive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|exclamatory sentence
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|-
 
|imperative sentence
== Syntax ==
|-
 
|instructive sentence
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
{| class="wikitable"
** constituency-based parse tree
|major sentence
** dependency-based parse tree
|-
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|minor sentence
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** attributive adjective
|-
*** predicative adjective
|masculine
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|feminine
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|neuter
**** definite article
|}
**** indifinite article
{| class="wikitable"
**** zero article
|animate
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|inanimate
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|
*** preposition
|
*** postposition
|
*** circumposition
|-
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|}
*** tritransitive verb
|
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|
**argument clause
|-
**adjuctive clause
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
**predicative clause
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|simple aspect
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|-
**simple sentence
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
**compound sentence
|-
**complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
**compound–complex sentence
|}
**declaritive sentence
|
**interrogative sentence
|
**exclamatory sentence
|
**imperative sentence
|-
**instructive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
**major sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**minor sentence
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
== Rhetoric ==
|}
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
== Linguistic typology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
 
|
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
== Lexicostatistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|
 
|-
==-- AUTHOR --==
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|
 
|
{{#seo:
|
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|-
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|
}}
|
 
|
{{other-lessons}}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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