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{{Central-kurdish-Page-Top}}
{{Central-kurdish-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-kurdish|Central Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Descriptive Adjectives</div>
Welcome to the exciting world of Central Kurdish grammar! In this lesson, we will dive deep into the realm of '''descriptive adjectives'''. Understanding adjectives is an essential step in mastering any language, and they play a crucial role in making your communication vivid and engaging. Whether you want to describe a beautiful landscape, a bustling market, or a cherished friend, descriptive adjectives will be your best allies.


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-kurdish|Central Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Descriptive Adjectives</div>
Descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish are used to provide more information about nouns, enhancing your sentences and making them more expressive. In this lesson, we will explore the structure, usage, and nuances of these adjectives, paving the way for you to describe objects, people, and situations in Central Kurdish. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use adjectives effectively in your conversations.
 
Here's what we will cover:
 
1. '''Definition and Importance of Descriptive Adjectives'''
 
2. '''Common Descriptive Adjectives in Central Kurdish'''
 
3. '''Adjective Agreement'''
 
4. '''Placement of Adjectives'''
 
5. '''20 Examples of Descriptive Adjectives'''
 
6. '''Practice Exercises'''
 
7. '''Solutions and Explanations for Exercises'''


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h2>Introduction</h2>
=== Definition and Importance of Descriptive Adjectives ===
Descriptive adjectives are an essential part of any language, and in the Kurdish language, they play a vital role in describing objects, people, and situations. In this lesson, you will learn how to use descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to describe the world around you using Central Kurdish adjectives.
 
Descriptive adjectives are words that modify nouns to provide more detail, such as size, color, shape, age, and quality. In Central Kurdish, like in English, adjectives add richness to our speech and writing. They help the listener or reader visualize what we are talking about. For instance, instead of saying "the house," you can say "the big house" or "the old house," which gives a clearer picture of what you mean.
 
=== Common Descriptive Adjectives in Central Kurdish ===
 
In Central Kurdish, adjectives can be categorized based on their meanings. Here are some common descriptive adjectives:
 
* '''Size''':


<h2>Using Descriptive Adjectives in Central Kurdish</h2>
* Big (بەرهەم - berhem)
Descriptive adjectives are words that describe the properties of nouns. Central Kurdish adjectives come after the noun they describe, unlike in English, where adjectives come before the noun. Central Kurdish adjectives agree with the gender and number of the noun they describe.


For example, in English, we say "a big book," but in Central Kurdish, we say "kelek mezin." Here, "mezin" means big, and "kelek" means book. In Central Kurdish, the adjective comes after the noun.
* Small (کوچک - kucik)


<h3>Forming Descriptive Adjectives in Central Kurdish</h3>
* '''Age''':  
In Central Kurdish, most adjectives can be formed by adding "-ek" to the end of a noun. For example:


* Sipî - white becomes sîpî-ek - white-ish
* New (نوێ - nowe)
* Gul - rose becomes gulan - rose-colored


Note that for feminine words, an "-a" is added to the end of the adjective:
* Old (کەدیم - kedim)


* Kef - keyf becomes kefa - enjoyable
* '''Color''':
* Ronî - knowledge becomes ronîya - knowledgeable


Some adjectives cannot be formed by adding "-ek" to the end of a noun. In this case, you must use a different adjective to describe the property:
* Red (سور - sor)


* Biyanî - without becomes pêçan - void
* Blue (شین - shin)


<h3>Using Descriptive Adjectives in Context</h3>
* '''Quality''':  
Once you have formed an adjective, you can use it to describe nouns in Central Kurdish. Here are a few examples:


* Ceriba xweş - beautiful dress
* Good (خۆش - xosh)
* Gruyê sivik - green apple
* Bazirganî weş - antique market


<h2>Comparative and Superlative Adjectives in Central Kurdish</h2>
* Bad (نەخۆش - nakhosh)
Comparative and superlative adjectives are used to compare the properties of different nouns. In Central Kurdish, these are formed by adding specific suffixes to the base adjective.


<h3>Comparative Adjectives</h3>
=== Adjective Agreement ===
To form a comparative adjective in Central Kurdish, you add "-tar" to the end of the base adjective. For example:


* Girîn - big becomes girîn-tar - bigger
In Central Kurdish, adjectives typically agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. This means that if you are describing a feminine noun, you will use the feminine form of the adjective, and the same applies to plural nouns.
* Kêm - few becomes kêm-tar - fewer


<h3>Superlative Adjectives</h3>
=== Placement of Adjectives ===
To form a superlative adjective in Central Kurdish, you add "-terîn" to the end of the base adjective. For example:


* Girîn - big becomes girîn-terîn - biggest
Adjectives in Central Kurdish usually come before the noun. For example, "the big house" would be "بەرهەمی ماڵ" (berhemi mal). Understanding this structure will help you create clear and grammatically correct sentences.
* Kêm - few becomes kêm-terîn - fewest


<h2>Examples of Descriptive Adjectives in Central Kurdish</h2>
== Examples of Descriptive Adjectives ==
Here are some examples of descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish:


<table class="wikitable">
Let's take a closer look at descriptive adjectives in action. Below, you will find a table with 20 examples of descriptive adjectives used in Central Kurdish sentences:
<tr>
<th>Central Kurdish</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>filmî nû</td>
<td>feel-mee noo</td>
<td>new film</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nîvî goranê</td>
<td>nee-vee gor-ah-nay</td>
<td>half tune</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>birçî sîpî</td>
<td>beer-chee see-pee</td>
<td>white bird</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kilê sepî</td>
<td>kee-lay se-pee</td>
<td>dry sheepskin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>spîdokî çirûsk</td>
<td>spee-doh-kee cheer-oosk</td>
<td>red spider</td>
</tr>
</table>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
{| class="wikitable"
In this lesson, you have learned how to use descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish. You now know how to describe objects, people, and situations using Central Kurdish adjectives. Use this knowledge to build your vocabulary and make conversation in Kurdish more interesting and descriptive.


{{Central-kurdish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ماڵی گەورە || mali gewre || The big house
 
|-
 
| کچەکی نوێ || kçeke nowe || The new girl
 
|-
 
| پیاوی کەدیم || piyawi kedim || The old man
 
|-
 
| کەرەستە سور || karasta sor || The red apple
 
|-
 
| زەوی شین || zawi shin || The blue sky
 
|-
 
| کەسە خۆش || kesa xosh || The good person
 
|-
 
| کەسە نەخۆش || kesa nakhosh || The bad person
 
|-
 
| پەنجەری گەورە || penjari gewre || The big window
 
|-
 
| کتێبی نوێ || ktebi nowe || The new book
 
|-
 
| قوربانی کەدیم || qurbani kedim || The old sacrifice
 
|-
 
| فەرشی سوز || ferşî suz || The hot carpet
 
|-
 
| زانیاری گەورە || zaniyari gewre || The big information
 
|-
 
| سەرکەوتنە خۆش || serkevtina xosh || The good success
 
|-
 
| مانگی نوێ || mangi nowe || The new month
 
|-
 
| وەرزی کەدیم || warzi kedim || The old season
 
|-
 
| کەوەری گەورە || kewari gewre || The large container
 
|-
 
| شەوەی شین || shewi shin || The blue night
 
|-
 
| چەند کچەکی نوێ || çend kçeke nowe || Some new girls
 
|-
 
| کەسەکانەی خۆش || kesakanê xosh || The good people
 
|-
 
| دەرەوەی کەدیم || derawa kedim || The old curtain
 
|}
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that you're familiar with descriptive adjectives, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises to test your understanding and application of the concepts learned in this lesson.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct descriptive adjective from the word bank.
 
* Word Bank: گەورە (big), نوێ (new), سور (red), کەدیم (old)
 
1. ماڵی ______ (The ______ house).
 
2. کچەکی ______ (The ______ girl).
 
3. پیاوی ______ (The ______ man).
 
4. کەرەستە ______ (The ______ apple).
 
=== Exercise 2: Matching ===
 
Match the Central Kurdish descriptive adjectives to their English meanings.
 
1. خۆش
 
2. سور
 
3. شین
 
4. کەدیم
 
A. Blue 
 
B. Good 
 
C. Red 
 
D. Old 
 
=== Exercise 3: Sentence Creation ===
 
Create sentences using the following adjectives. Make sure to use the correct noun.
 
1. گەورە (big)
 
2. نوێ (new)
 
3. سور (red)
 
4. کەدیم (old)
 
=== Exercise 4: Identify the Adjective ===
 
Read the sentences and underline the descriptive adjectives.
 
1. ماڵی کەدیم زۆر خۆشە.
 
2. کتێبی نوێ زۆر پەیوەندیدارە.
 
=== Exercise 5: Adjective Agreement ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences, ensuring the adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns.
 
1. کچەکی سور (the red girl) → کچەکانەی سور (the red girls)
 
2. ماڵی نوێ (the new house) → ماڵە نوێکان (the new houses)
 
=== Exercise 6: Translation ===
 
Translate the following sentences from English to Central Kurdish.
 
1. The big dog is outside.
 
2. I have a new book.
 
3. The red flower is beautiful.
 
4. They are good friends.
 
=== Exercise 7: Correct the Mistakes ===
 
Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. کەسەکانەی کەدیم خۆشە. (The old people are good)
 
2. ماڵی شین زۆر قوربانە. (The blue house is very sacrificial)
 
=== Exercise 8: Create a Dialogue ===
 
Write a short dialogue between two friends discussing their favorite descriptive adjectives.
 
=== Exercise 9: Adjective Placement ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences, placing the adjectives correctly.
 
1. زەوی شین
 
2. فەرشی گەورە
 
=== Exercise 10: Write a Paragraph ===
 
Write a short paragraph describing a scene using at least five descriptive adjectives.
 
== Solutions and Explanations for Exercises ==
 
Now it’s time to check your answers and see how you did!
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
1. ماڵی گەورە (The big house).
 
2. کچەکی نوێ (The new girl).
 
3. پیاوی کەدیم (The old man).
 
4. کەرەستە سور (The red apple).
 
=== Exercise 2: Matching ===
 
1 - B (خۆش - Good) 
 
2 - C (سور - Red) 
 
3 - A (شین - Blue) 
 
4 - D (کەدیم - Old) 
 
=== Exercise 3: Sentence Creation ===
 
1. ماڵی گەورە زۆر خۆشە. (The big house is very nice.)
 
2. کچەکی نوێ زۆر شادە. (The new girl is very happy.)
 
3. پیاوی کەدیم زۆر پەیوەندیدارە. (The old man is very friendly.)
 
4. کەرەستە سور زۆر جوانە. (The red apple is very beautiful.)
 
=== Exercise 4: Identify the Adjective ===
 
1. ماڵی کەدیم زۆر خۆشە. (The old house is very nice.)
 
2. کتێبی نوێ زۆر پەیوەندیدارە. (The new book is very friendly.)
 
=== Exercise 5: Adjective Agreement ===
 
1. کچەکانەی سور (the red girls)
 
2. ماڵە نوێکان (the new houses)
 
=== Exercise 6: Translation ===
 
1. سەگە گەورە لە دەرەوە.
 
2. من کتێبی نوێ هەیە.
 
3. گلە سور جوانە.
 
4. ئەوان هەندێ خۆشە.
 
=== Exercise 7: Correct the Mistakes ===
 
1. کەسەکانەی کەدیم سەروە. (The old people are good)
 
2. ماڵی شین زۆر جوانە. (The blue house is very beautiful)
 
=== Exercise 8: Create a Dialogue ===
 
''Friend 1'': من کەسە خۆش دەبینم. (I see a good person.)
 
''Friend 2'': من کەسە سەرکەوتو دەبینم. (I see a successful person.)
 
=== Exercise 9: Adjective Placement ===
 
1. شین زەوی
 
2. گەورە فەرشی
 
=== Exercise 10: Write a Paragraph ===
 
In a beautiful park, there is a big tree with red flowers. The sky is blue, and the sun is shining brightly. Children are playing under the shade of the old tree, laughing and enjoying their day.
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish! By incorporating these adjectives into your vocabulary, you will enrich your ability to communicate effectively in the language. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to express your thoughts and feelings with even greater clarity and color.
 
{{#seo:
 
|title=Central Kurdish Grammar: Descriptive Adjectives
 
|keywords=Central Kurdish, descriptive adjectives, Kurdish grammar, language learning, beginner Kurdish
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish, including their usage, placement, and practice exercises to enhance your understanding.
 
}}
 
{{Template:Central-kurdish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative|Comparative and Superlative]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Subject-Pronouns|Subject Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Common-Conjunctions|Common Conjunctions]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Possessive Pronouns]]
 




{{Central-kurdish-Page-Bottom}}
{{Central-kurdish-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Central-kurdish/Vocabulary/Dining-and-Ordering|◀️ Dining and Ordering — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative|Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 06:10, 2 August 2024

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33B48169-1935-43CC-8104-4BB1790F7171.png
Central KurdishGrammar0 to A1 Course → Descriptive Adjectives

Welcome to the exciting world of Central Kurdish grammar! In this lesson, we will dive deep into the realm of descriptive adjectives. Understanding adjectives is an essential step in mastering any language, and they play a crucial role in making your communication vivid and engaging. Whether you want to describe a beautiful landscape, a bustling market, or a cherished friend, descriptive adjectives will be your best allies.

Descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish are used to provide more information about nouns, enhancing your sentences and making them more expressive. In this lesson, we will explore the structure, usage, and nuances of these adjectives, paving the way for you to describe objects, people, and situations in Central Kurdish. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use adjectives effectively in your conversations.

Here's what we will cover:

1. Definition and Importance of Descriptive Adjectives

2. Common Descriptive Adjectives in Central Kurdish

3. Adjective Agreement

4. Placement of Adjectives

5. 20 Examples of Descriptive Adjectives

6. Practice Exercises

7. Solutions and Explanations for Exercises

Definition and Importance of Descriptive Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Descriptive adjectives are words that modify nouns to provide more detail, such as size, color, shape, age, and quality. In Central Kurdish, like in English, adjectives add richness to our speech and writing. They help the listener or reader visualize what we are talking about. For instance, instead of saying "the house," you can say "the big house" or "the old house," which gives a clearer picture of what you mean.

Common Descriptive Adjectives in Central Kurdish[edit | edit source]

In Central Kurdish, adjectives can be categorized based on their meanings. Here are some common descriptive adjectives:

  • Size:
  • Big (بەرهەم - berhem)
  • Small (کوچک - kucik)
  • Age:
  • New (نوێ - nowe)
  • Old (کەدیم - kedim)
  • Color:
  • Red (سور - sor)
  • Blue (شین - shin)
  • Quality:
  • Good (خۆش - xosh)
  • Bad (نەخۆش - nakhosh)

Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Central Kurdish, adjectives typically agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. This means that if you are describing a feminine noun, you will use the feminine form of the adjective, and the same applies to plural nouns.

Placement of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Adjectives in Central Kurdish usually come before the noun. For example, "the big house" would be "بەرهەمی ماڵ" (berhemi mal). Understanding this structure will help you create clear and grammatically correct sentences.

Examples of Descriptive Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Let's take a closer look at descriptive adjectives in action. Below, you will find a table with 20 examples of descriptive adjectives used in Central Kurdish sentences:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
ماڵی گەورە mali gewre The big house
کچەکی نوێ kçeke nowe The new girl
پیاوی کەدیم piyawi kedim The old man
کەرەستە سور karasta sor The red apple
زەوی شین zawi shin The blue sky
کەسە خۆش kesa xosh The good person
کەسە نەخۆش kesa nakhosh The bad person
پەنجەری گەورە penjari gewre The big window
کتێبی نوێ ktebi nowe The new book
قوربانی کەدیم qurbani kedim The old sacrifice
فەرشی سوز ferşî suz The hot carpet
زانیاری گەورە zaniyari gewre The big information
سەرکەوتنە خۆش serkevtina xosh The good success
مانگی نوێ mangi nowe The new month
وەرزی کەدیم warzi kedim The old season
کەوەری گەورە kewari gewre The large container
شەوەی شین shewi shin The blue night
چەند کچەکی نوێ çend kçeke nowe Some new girls
کەسەکانەی خۆش kesakanê xosh The good people
دەرەوەی کەدیم derawa kedim The old curtain

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you're familiar with descriptive adjectives, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises to test your understanding and application of the concepts learned in this lesson.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct descriptive adjective from the word bank.

  • Word Bank: گەورە (big), نوێ (new), سور (red), کەدیم (old)

1. ماڵی ______ (The ______ house).

2. کچەکی ______ (The ______ girl).

3. پیاوی ______ (The ______ man).

4. کەرەستە ______ (The ______ apple).

Exercise 2: Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the Central Kurdish descriptive adjectives to their English meanings.

1. خۆش

2. سور

3. شین

4. کەدیم

A. Blue

B. Good

C. Red

D. Old

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following adjectives. Make sure to use the correct noun.

1. گەورە (big)

2. نوێ (new)

3. سور (red)

4. کەدیم (old)

Exercise 4: Identify the Adjective[edit | edit source]

Read the sentences and underline the descriptive adjectives.

1. ماڵی کەدیم زۆر خۆشە.

2. کتێبی نوێ زۆر پەیوەندیدارە.

Exercise 5: Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences, ensuring the adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns.

1. کچەکی سور (the red girl) → کچەکانەی سور (the red girls)

2. ماڵی نوێ (the new house) → ماڵە نوێکان (the new houses)

Exercise 6: Translation[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Central Kurdish.

1. The big dog is outside.

2. I have a new book.

3. The red flower is beautiful.

4. They are good friends.

Exercise 7: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. کەسەکانەی کەدیم خۆشە. (The old people are good)

2. ماڵی شین زۆر قوربانە. (The blue house is very sacrificial)

Exercise 8: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Write a short dialogue between two friends discussing their favorite descriptive adjectives.

Exercise 9: Adjective Placement[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences, placing the adjectives correctly.

1. زەوی شین

2. فەرشی گەورە

Exercise 10: Write a Paragraph[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph describing a scene using at least five descriptive adjectives.

Solutions and Explanations for Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s time to check your answers and see how you did!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. ماڵی گەورە (The big house).

2. کچەکی نوێ (The new girl).

3. پیاوی کەدیم (The old man).

4. کەرەستە سور (The red apple).

Exercise 2: Matching[edit | edit source]

1 - B (خۆش - Good)

2 - C (سور - Red)

3 - A (شین - Blue)

4 - D (کەدیم - Old)

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

1. ماڵی گەورە زۆر خۆشە. (The big house is very nice.)

2. کچەکی نوێ زۆر شادە. (The new girl is very happy.)

3. پیاوی کەدیم زۆر پەیوەندیدارە. (The old man is very friendly.)

4. کەرەستە سور زۆر جوانە. (The red apple is very beautiful.)

Exercise 4: Identify the Adjective[edit | edit source]

1. ماڵی کەدیم زۆر خۆشە. (The old house is very nice.)

2. کتێبی نوێ زۆر پەیوەندیدارە. (The new book is very friendly.)

Exercise 5: Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

1. کچەکانەی سور (the red girls)

2. ماڵە نوێکان (the new houses)

Exercise 6: Translation[edit | edit source]

1. سەگە گەورە لە دەرەوە.

2. من کتێبی نوێ هەیە.

3. گلە سور جوانە.

4. ئەوان هەندێ خۆشە.

Exercise 7: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

1. کەسەکانەی کەدیم سەروە. (The old people are good)

2. ماڵی شین زۆر جوانە. (The blue house is very beautiful)

Exercise 8: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Friend 1: من کەسە خۆش دەبینم. (I see a good person.)

Friend 2: من کەسە سەرکەوتو دەبینم. (I see a successful person.)

Exercise 9: Adjective Placement[edit | edit source]

1. شین زەوی

2. گەورە فەرشی

Exercise 10: Write a Paragraph[edit | edit source]

In a beautiful park, there is a big tree with red flowers. The sky is blue, and the sun is shining brightly. Children are playing under the shade of the old tree, laughing and enjoying their day.

Congratulations on completing this lesson on descriptive adjectives in Central Kurdish! By incorporating these adjectives into your vocabulary, you will enrich your ability to communicate effectively in the language. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to express your thoughts and feelings with even greater clarity and color.

Table of Contents - Central Kurdish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Basic Greetings


Pronouns and Nouns


Numbers and Counting


Basic Sentence Structure


Time and Dates


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Housing and Accommodations


Central Kurdish Culture and Society


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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