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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bosnian|Bosnian]]  → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjective Agreement</div>
Welcome to today's lesson on '''Adjective Agreement''' in Bosnian! As you embark on this exciting journey of learning the Bosnian language, understanding how adjectives work will be crucial for expressing yourself clearly and accurately. Adjectives add color and detail to our sentences, and they must agree with the nouns they describe in terms of gender, number, and case. This lesson will guide you through the essential aspects of adjective agreement, providing you with the tools you need to master this important topic.
In this lesson, you'll learn:


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bosnian|Bosnian]]  → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjective Agreement</div>
* The fundamental rules of adjective agreement in Bosnian.
 
* How to identify noun genders and their corresponding adjectives.
 
* How to form sentences using adjectives correctly.
 
* Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
Before we dive in, let’s establish a clear framework. Here’s an outline of what you can expect:


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Introduction</h1>
=== Understanding Adjective Agreement ===


In this lesson, you will learn how to use adjectives in Bosnian and how they agree with the nouns they describe. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. They provide extra information about the people, animals, objects, and concepts that we talk about. In Bosnian, adjectives have to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they describe.
Before you start using adjectives, it's essential to grasp the concept of adjective agreement. In Bosnian, adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in:


The agreement with gender means that the ending of the adjectives change according to the gender of the noun. In Bosnian, there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The agreement with number means that the ending of the adjectives change according to whether the noun is singular or plural. The agreement with case means that the ending of the adjectives change according to the grammatical case of the noun in the sentence.
* '''Gender''': masculine, feminine, and neuter.


In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:
* '''Number''': singular and plural.


<ul>
* '''Case''': nominative, genitive, accusative, etc.
<li>Gender and number of adjectives</li>
<li>Case of adjectives</li>
<li>Practice exercises</li>
</ul>


<h2>Gender and number of adjectives</h2>
For instance, if you have a masculine noun, the adjective describing it must also take the masculine form. This agreement is vital for making your sentences grammatically correct and natural-sounding.


In Bosnian, the gender of a noun can usually be identified by its ending. Masculine nouns typically end in consonants, while feminine nouns typically end in -a and neuter nouns typically end in -o or -e. However, there are many exceptions, and the gender of some nouns has to be memorized. In order to use adjectives correctly, you must know the gender of the noun.
=== Noun Genders in Bosnian ===


The endings of adjectives change according to the gender and number of the noun they describe. In the following table, you can see how adjectives change:
Bosnian nouns are categorized into three genders:
 
1. '''Masculine''': Typically end in consonants (e.g., "muškarac" - man).
 
2. '''Feminine''': Typically end in -a (e.g., "žena" - woman).
 
3. '''Neuter''': Typically end in -o or -e (e.g., "dijete" - child).
 
Here’s a quick reference table for noun genders:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Gender !! Singular !! Plural
 
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Masculine || -i || -i
 
| muškarac  || muʃˈkaɾats || man
 
|-
|-
| Feminine || -a || -e
 
| žena  || ˈʒena || woman
 
|-
|-
| Neuter || -o || -a
 
| dijete  || ˈdijete || child
 
|}
|}


Here are some examples:
=== Adjective Forms ===
 
Adjectives in Bosnian modify their endings based on the gender and number of the noun they describe. Let’s break this down:


<ul>
1. '''Masculine''': Typically end in a consonant.
<li>Crveni automobil (Masculine singular, "Red car")</li>
<li>Crvena torba (Feminine singular, "Red bag")</li>
<li>Crveno voće (Neuter singular, "Red fruit")</li>
<li>Crveni automobili (Masculine plural, "Red cars")</li>
<li>Crvene torbe (Feminine plural, "Red bags")</li>
<li>Crvena voća (Neuter plural, "Red fruits")</li>
</ul>


Notice how the endings of the adjectives change according to the gender and number of the noun.
2. '''Feminine''': Typically end in -a.


<h2>Case of adjectives</h2>
3. '''Neuter''': Typically end in -o or -e.


In Bosnian, the endings of adjectives also change according to the case of the noun in the sentence. There are seven grammatical cases in Bosnian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.
Here’s how the adjectives change based on the noun they are describing:


The nominative case is the case used for the subject of the sentence. The genitive case is used to indicate possession or to show that something is being talked about in a certain way. The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence, often answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom?". The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. The vocative case is used to indicate who the speaker is addressing. The locative case is used to indicate where something is located. The instrumental case is used to indicate a means, instrument, or cause.
{| class="wikitable"


Let's see how adjectives change according to the case:
! Noun Gender !! Example Adjective (good) !! Masculine !! Feminine !! Neuter
 
|-
 
| Masculine || dobar || dobar || dobra || dobro
 
|-
 
| Feminine || dobra || dobar || dobra || dobro
 
|-
 
| Neuter || dobro || dobar || dobra || dobro
 
|}
 
=== Examples of Adjective Agreement ===
 
Let’s illustrate adjective agreement with some examples. Below, you’ll find sentences that showcase how adjectives agree with the nouns they modify.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Case !! Masculine !! Feminine !! Neuter
 
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Nominative || -i || -a || -o
 
| Dobar muškarac. || ˈdobar muʃˈkaɾats || A good man.
 
|-
|-
| Genitive || -og || -e || -og
 
| Dobra žena. || ˈdobra ˈʒena || A good woman.
 
|-
|-
| Dative || -om || -oj || -om
 
| Dobro dijete. || ˈdobɾo ˈdijete || A good child.
 
|-
|-
| Accusative || -og || -u || -o
 
| Velik pas. || ˈvelik pas || A big dog.
 
|-
|-
| Vocative || -i || -o || -o
 
| Velika mačka. || ˈvelika ˈmačka || A big cat.
 
|-
|-
| Locative || -om || -oj || -om
 
| Veliko voće. || ˈveliko ˈʋoʧe || A big fruit.
 
|-
|-
| Instrumental || -im || -om || -im
 
| Crven auto. || ˈtʃɾʋen ˈaʊto || A red car.
 
|-
 
| Crvena kuća. || ˈtʃɾʋena ˈkuʦa || A red house.
 
|-
 
| Crveno vino. || ˈtʃɾʋeno ˈʋino || A red wine.
 
|-
 
| Ljubazan čovjek. || ˈljubazan ˈtʃoʋjek || A kind man.
 
|-
 
| Ljubazna žena. || ˈljubazna ˈʒena || A kind woman.
 
|-
 
| Ljubazno dijete. || ˈljubazno ˈdijete || A kind child.
 
|}
|}


Here are some examples:
As you can see from the examples, the adjectives change their endings to match the gender of the nouns. This alignment is crucial for maintaining grammatical accuracy.


<ul>
=== Practice Exercises ===
<li>Crveni automobil (Masculine singular nominative, "Red car")</li>
<li>Crvenog automobila (Masculine singular genitive, "Of the red car")</li>
<li>Crvenoj torbi (Feminine singular dative, "To the red bag")</li>
<li>Crvenu torbu (Feminine singular accusative, "Red bag")</li>
</ul>


Notice how the endings of the adjectives change according to the grammatical case of the noun.
Now that you have a solid understanding of how adjectives agree with nouns, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce your learning.


<h2>Practice exercises</h2>
1. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective''':


Now it's time to practice what you have learned! Try to form sentences using adjectives with different genders, numbers, and cases. Here are some example exercises:
* (dobar) __________ pas. (A good dog)


<ol>
* (lijep) __________ žena. (A beautiful woman)
<li>Translate the following sentence into Bosnian: "The yellow pencil".</li>
<li>Translate the following sentence into Bosnian: "The black cats".</li>
<li>Translate the following sentence into Bosnian: "The white dog is running in the park."</li>
<li>Translate the following sentence into Bosnian: "I am eating a juicy orange".</li>
</ol>


Answers:
* (mali) __________ dijete. (A small child)


<ol>
2. '''Translate the sentences into Bosnian''':
<li>Žuti olovka.</li>
<li>Crne mačke.</li>
<li>Bijeli pas trči u parku.</li>
<li>Jedem sočnu naranču.</li>
</ol>


* A big house.
* A kind man.
* A red apple.
3. '''Identify the adjective and noun gender''':
* Velika knjiga. (What is the gender of "knjiga"?)
* Crveni cvijet. (What is the gender of "cvijet"?)
4. '''Match the nouns with the correct adjectives''':
* Auto: (crven, crvena, crveno)
* Mačka: (mali, mala, malo)
* Dijete: (sretan, sretna, sretno)
5. '''Create sentences using the following words''':
* (sretan) + (dijete)
* (plava) + (kuća)
* (novi) + (auto)
6. '''Change the adjective in the following sentences to match the noun''':
* Dobar pas. → __________ mačka.
* Crveno voće. → __________ voće.
* Lijep čovjek. → __________ žena.
7. '''Identify and correct the errors''':
* Dobar žena.
* Crvena voće.
* Velika dijete.
8. '''Translate the following adjectives into Bosnian''':
* Beautiful
* Small
* Happy
9. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct adjective form''':
* (dobar) __________ auto. (A good car)
* (mali) __________ kuća. (A small house)
* (plava) __________ nebo. (A blue sky)
10. '''Write a short paragraph describing your family using adjectives''':
* Example: My father is a kind man. My mother is a beautiful woman. My sister is a smart girl.
=== Exercise Solutions ===
1.
* Dobar pas.
* Lijepa žena.
* Malo dijete.
2.
* Velika kuća.
* Ljubazan čovjek.
* Crveno jabuka.
3.
* "knjiga" is feminine.
* "cvijet" is masculine.
4.
* Auto: crven
* Mačka: mala
* Dijete: sretno
5.
* Sretno dijete.
* Plava kuća.
* Novi auto.
6.
* Dobra mačka.
* Crveno voće.
* Lijepa žena.
7.
* Dobra žena.
* Crveno voće.
* Veliko dijete.
8.
* Lijep
* Mali
* Sretan
9.
* Dobro auto.
* Mala kuća.
* Plavo nebo.
10.
* My father is a kind man. My mother is a beautiful woman. My sister is a smart girl.
As you can see, the exercises provide you with a comprehensive understanding of how adjectives operate in Bosnian. Practice makes perfect, so don’t hesitate to revisit these concepts until you feel comfortable using adjectives in your sentences.
In conclusion, mastering adjective agreement is a foundational step in becoming proficient in Bosnian. The more you practice, the more natural it will feel to describe people, places, and things accurately. Keep up the excellent work, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson!


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|title=Bosnian Grammar → Adjective Agreement
|keywords=Bosnian grammar, adjective agreement in Bosnian, Bosnian language course
 
|description=Learn how to use adjectives in Bosnian and how they agree with the nouns they describe. Practice forming sentences with adjectives and different noun genders.
|keywords=Bosnian adjectives, Bosnian grammar, adjective agreement, language learning, Bosnian for beginners
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use adjectives in Bosnian and how they agree with the nouns they describe. Practice forming sentences with adjectives and different noun genders.
 
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==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
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* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Bosnian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Bosnian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Bosnian/Culture/Traditional-Music-and-Dance|◀️ Traditional Music and Dance — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Next Lesson — Comparatives and Superlatives ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 01:52, 2 August 2024

◀️ Traditional Music and Dance — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Comparatives and Superlatives ▶️

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Bosnian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjective Agreement

Welcome to today's lesson on Adjective Agreement in Bosnian! As you embark on this exciting journey of learning the Bosnian language, understanding how adjectives work will be crucial for expressing yourself clearly and accurately. Adjectives add color and detail to our sentences, and they must agree with the nouns they describe in terms of gender, number, and case. This lesson will guide you through the essential aspects of adjective agreement, providing you with the tools you need to master this important topic.

In this lesson, you'll learn:

  • The fundamental rules of adjective agreement in Bosnian.
  • How to identify noun genders and their corresponding adjectives.
  • How to form sentences using adjectives correctly.
  • Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding.

Before we dive in, let’s establish a clear framework. Here’s an outline of what you can expect:

Understanding Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

Before you start using adjectives, it's essential to grasp the concept of adjective agreement. In Bosnian, adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in:

  • Gender: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
  • Number: singular and plural.
  • Case: nominative, genitive, accusative, etc.

For instance, if you have a masculine noun, the adjective describing it must also take the masculine form. This agreement is vital for making your sentences grammatically correct and natural-sounding.

Noun Genders in Bosnian[edit | edit source]

Bosnian nouns are categorized into three genders:

1. Masculine: Typically end in consonants (e.g., "muškarac" - man).

2. Feminine: Typically end in -a (e.g., "žena" - woman).

3. Neuter: Typically end in -o or -e (e.g., "dijete" - child).

Here’s a quick reference table for noun genders:

Bosnian Pronunciation English
muškarac muʃˈkaɾats man
žena ˈʒena woman
dijete ˈdijete child

Adjective Forms[edit | edit source]

Adjectives in Bosnian modify their endings based on the gender and number of the noun they describe. Let’s break this down:

1. Masculine: Typically end in a consonant.

2. Feminine: Typically end in -a.

3. Neuter: Typically end in -o or -e.

Here’s how the adjectives change based on the noun they are describing:

Noun Gender Example Adjective (good) Masculine Feminine Neuter
Masculine dobar dobar dobra dobro
Feminine dobra dobar dobra dobro
Neuter dobro dobar dobra dobro

Examples of Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

Let’s illustrate adjective agreement with some examples. Below, you’ll find sentences that showcase how adjectives agree with the nouns they modify.

Bosnian Pronunciation English
Dobar muškarac. ˈdobar muʃˈkaɾats A good man.
Dobra žena. ˈdobra ˈʒena A good woman.
Dobro dijete. ˈdobɾo ˈdijete A good child.
Velik pas. ˈvelik pas A big dog.
Velika mačka. ˈvelika ˈmačka A big cat.
Veliko voće. ˈveliko ˈʋoʧe A big fruit.
Crven auto. ˈtʃɾʋen ˈaʊto A red car.
Crvena kuća. ˈtʃɾʋena ˈkuʦa A red house.
Crveno vino. ˈtʃɾʋeno ˈʋino A red wine.
Ljubazan čovjek. ˈljubazan ˈtʃoʋjek A kind man.
Ljubazna žena. ˈljubazna ˈʒena A kind woman.
Ljubazno dijete. ˈljubazno ˈdijete A kind child.

As you can see from the examples, the adjectives change their endings to match the gender of the nouns. This alignment is crucial for maintaining grammatical accuracy.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a solid understanding of how adjectives agree with nouns, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce your learning.

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective:

  • (dobar) __________ pas. (A good dog)
  • (lijep) __________ žena. (A beautiful woman)
  • (mali) __________ dijete. (A small child)

2. Translate the sentences into Bosnian:

  • A big house.
  • A kind man.
  • A red apple.

3. Identify the adjective and noun gender:

  • Velika knjiga. (What is the gender of "knjiga"?)
  • Crveni cvijet. (What is the gender of "cvijet"?)

4. Match the nouns with the correct adjectives:

  • Auto: (crven, crvena, crveno)
  • Mačka: (mali, mala, malo)
  • Dijete: (sretan, sretna, sretno)

5. Create sentences using the following words:

  • (sretan) + (dijete)
  • (plava) + (kuća)
  • (novi) + (auto)

6. Change the adjective in the following sentences to match the noun:

  • Dobar pas. → __________ mačka.
  • Crveno voće. → __________ voće.
  • Lijep čovjek. → __________ žena.

7. Identify and correct the errors:

  • Dobar žena.
  • Crvena voće.
  • Velika dijete.

8. Translate the following adjectives into Bosnian:

  • Beautiful
  • Small
  • Happy

9. Fill in the blanks with the correct adjective form:

  • (dobar) __________ auto. (A good car)
  • (mali) __________ kuća. (A small house)
  • (plava) __________ nebo. (A blue sky)

10. Write a short paragraph describing your family using adjectives:

  • Example: My father is a kind man. My mother is a beautiful woman. My sister is a smart girl.

Exercise Solutions[edit | edit source]

1.

  • Dobar pas.
  • Lijepa žena.
  • Malo dijete.

2.

  • Velika kuća.
  • Ljubazan čovjek.
  • Crveno jabuka.

3.

  • "knjiga" is feminine.
  • "cvijet" is masculine.

4.

  • Auto: crven
  • Mačka: mala
  • Dijete: sretno

5.

  • Sretno dijete.
  • Plava kuća.
  • Novi auto.

6.

  • Dobra mačka.
  • Crveno voće.
  • Lijepa žena.

7.

  • Dobra žena.
  • Crveno voće.
  • Veliko dijete.

8.

  • Lijep
  • Mali
  • Sretan

9.

  • Dobro auto.
  • Mala kuća.
  • Plavo nebo.

10.

  • My father is a kind man. My mother is a beautiful woman. My sister is a smart girl.

As you can see, the exercises provide you with a comprehensive understanding of how adjectives operate in Bosnian. Practice makes perfect, so don’t hesitate to revisit these concepts until you feel comfortable using adjectives in your sentences.

In conclusion, mastering adjective agreement is a foundational step in becoming proficient in Bosnian. The more you practice, the more natural it will feel to describe people, places, and things accurately. Keep up the excellent work, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson!

Table of Contents - Bosnian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Bosnian Alphabet


Basic Bosnian Sentence Structure


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Verbs and Tenses


Numbers and Time


Food and Drink


Travel and Transportation


Bosnian Customs and Traditions


Adjectives and Adverbs


Family and Relationships


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Bosnian Literature and Cinema


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Traditional Music and Dance — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Comparatives and Superlatives ▶️

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