Difference between revisions of "Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Passive-Voice"

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◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️

Malay (individual language) Grammar → Passive Voice

Welcome to the next exciting chapter of your Malay language journey! Today, we will explore the passive voice—a fascinating aspect of Malay grammar that adds depth and variety to your language skills. Understanding the passive voice is crucial because it allows you to emphasize the action and its recipient rather than the doer. This can be particularly useful in various contexts, from storytelling to formal writing.

In this lesson, we'll break down the formation and usage of the passive voice in Malay, providing you with clear examples and practical exercises to solidify your understanding. By the end of this lesson, you should feel confident in identifying and using the passive voice in your conversations and writings.

What is Passive Voice?[edit | edit source]

The passive voice shifts the focus from the subject performing the action to the subject receiving the action. In Malay, the passive voice is used to highlight what is being done rather than who is doing it.

For example:

Active Voice: "Ali makan nasi." (Ali eats rice.)

Passive Voice: "Nasi dimakan oleh Ali." (Rice is eaten by Ali.)

This structure is essential for various scenarios, such as when the doer is unknown, less important, or when we want to create a more formal tone.

Formation of Passive Voice[edit | edit source]

In Malay, the passive voice is typically formed by adding the prefix "di-" to the verb. Here's how it works:

1. Identify the verb in its active form.

2. Add the prefix "di-" to convert it into the passive form.

3. Optional: Include the doer using "oleh" if it's necessary for context.

Let's look at some examples in a table format:

Malay (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Ali membaca buku.	Ali məmˈbɑ.tʃa ˈbu.ku	Ali reads a book.
Buku dibaca oleh Ali.	ˈbu.ku diˈbɑ.tʃa ˈo.lɛh Ali	The book is read by Ali.
Dia menulis surat.	diˈa məˈnu.lis ˈsu.rat	She writes a letter.
Surat ditulis oleh dia.	ˈsu.rat diˈtu.lis ˈo.lɛh di.a	The letter is written by her.
Mereka menangkap ikan.	məˈrɛ.kɑ mɛˈnɑŋ.kap ˈi.kɑn	They catch fish.
Ikan ditangkap oleh mereka.	ˈi.kɑn diˈtɑŋ.kap ˈo.lɛh məˈrɛ.kɑ	The fish is caught by them.
Saya membeli kereta.	ˈsa.ja məmˈbɛ.li kəˈrɛ.tɑ	I buy a car.
Kereta dibeli oleh saya.	kəˈrɛ.tɑ diˈbɛ.li ˈo.lɛh ˈsa.ja	The car is bought by me.
Dia memanggil saya.	diˈa məˈmaŋ.gil ˈsa.ja	She calls me.
Saya dipanggil oleh dia.	ˈsa.ja diˈpaŋ.gil ˈo.lɛh di.a	I am called by her.

As you can see, transforming active sentences into passive sentences is straightforward. The prefix "di-" is crucial, as it signals the passive voice.

Usage of Passive Voice[edit | edit source]

The passive voice is commonly used in several contexts:

1. When the doer is unknown or irrelevant:

Example: "Surat itu ditulis." (The letter was written.)

Here, we focus on the letter rather than who wrote it.

2. To emphasize the action or the receiver:

Example: "Kue ini dimakan." (This cake is eaten.)

We emphasize the cake rather than the person eating it.

3. In formal writing or storytelling:

Example: "Proyek itu selesai." (The project is completed.)

This is often used in news articles or reports.

4. To show politeness or objectivity:

Example: "Kesalahan telah diperbaiki." (The mistake has been corrected.)

This sounds more formal and less accusatory.

Examples of Passive Voice in Different Contexts[edit | edit source]

Let's dive deeper into some more examples, illustrating various contexts where the passive voice can be effectively used:

Malay (individual language)	Pronunciation	English
Makanan dimasak.	mɑ.kɑˈnɑn diˈmɑ.sak	The food is cooked.
Surat itu diterima.	ˈsu.rat ˈi.tu diˈtɛ.ri.mɑ	The letter is received.
Buku ini ditulis oleh penulis terkenal.	ˈbu.ku ˈi.ni diˈtu.lis ˈo.lɛh pəˈnu.lis tərˈkə.nɑl	This book is written by a famous author.
File tersebut telah disimpan.	ˈfaɪ.lɛ tərˈsɛ.bʊd tɛ.lah diˈsɪm.pɑn	The file has been saved.
Pekerjaan itu akan dilakukan.	pəˈkər.dʒɑn ˈi.tu ˈa.kɑn di.lɑ.kʊ.kɑn	The work will be done.
Kenderaan itu sedang dicuci.	kən.dərˈɑn ˈi.tu sɪˈdɑŋ diˈtʃu.tʃi	The vehicle is being washed.
Peraturan baru telah dibuat.	pəˈra.tu.rɑn ˈbɑ.ru tɛ.lah diˈbʊ.ɑt	The new regulation has been made.
Ujian akan diberikan.	uˈdʒi.an ˈa.kɑn diˈbɪ.ri.kɑn	The exam will be given.
Masalah ini sedang dibincangkan.	mɑˈsɑ.lɑh ˈi.ni sɪˈdɑŋ diˈbɪn.tʃɑn	This issue is being discussed.
Pelajaran akan dipelajari.	pəˈlɑ.dʒɑ.rɑn ˈa.kɑn di.pəˈlɑ.dʒɑ.ri	The lesson will be learned.

Now that you have a good grasp of the formation and usage of the passive voice, it's time to put this knowledge into practice!

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Here are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding of the passive voice in Malay.

Exercise 1: Convert Active to Passive[edit | edit source]

Convert the following active sentences to passive voice:

1. Ali menyanyi lagu.

2. Ibu memasak nasi.

3. Mereka menonton filem.

4. Dia membaca majalah.

5. Kami membina rumah.

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in parentheses:

1. Surat itu ______ (tulis) oleh guru.

2. Makanan ______ (masak) oleh chef.

3. Kenderaan ______ (perbaiki) oleh mekanik.

4. Buku ini ______ (baca) oleh pelajar.

5. Pekerjaan ______ (siap) oleh pekerja.

Exercise 3: Identify Passive Voice[edit | edit source]

Identify whether the following sentences are in passive voice or active voice:

1. Kue telah dimakan oleh anak-anak.

2. Mereka bermain bola.

3. Surat itu telah dihantar.

4. Dia menulis surat.

5. Ikan itu ditangkap oleh nelayan.

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the following subjects, create passive sentences:

1. Penulis

2. Doktor

3. Pelajar

4. Ibu

5. Ayah

Exercise 5: Translate to English[edit | edit source]

Translate the following passive sentences to English:

1. Buku ini dibaca oleh saya.

2. Makanan telah dimasak oleh dia.

3. Surat itu ditulis oleh mereka.

4. Kenderaan sedang diperbaiki.

5. Ujian akan diadakan oleh sekolah.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now let's go through the exercises and provide solutions to each one:

Exercise 1 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Lagu dinyanyikan oleh Ali.

2. Nasi dimasak oleh ibu.

3. Filem ditonton oleh mereka.

4. Majalah dibaca oleh dia.

5. Rumah dibina oleh kami.

Exercise 2 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Surat itu ditulis oleh guru.

2. Makanan dimasak oleh chef.

3. Kenderaan diperbaiki oleh mekanik.

4. Buku ini dibaca oleh pelajar.

5. Pekerjaan siap oleh pekerja.

Exercise 3 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Passive Voice

2. Active Voice

3. Passive Voice

4. Active Voice

5. Passive Voice

Exercise 4 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Buku ini ditulis oleh penulis.

2. Penyakit disembuhkan oleh doktor.

3. Pelajaran ini diajarkan oleh pelajar.

4. Makanan dimasak oleh ibu.

5. Kereta dibeli oleh ayah.

Exercise 5 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. This book is read by me.

2. The food has been cooked by her.

3. The letter is written by them.

4. The vehicle is being repaired.

5. The exam will be held by the school.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You've successfully navigated through the concept of the passive voice in Malay. This grammatical structure is not just a tool for communication but also a way to express subtleties in meaning and emphasis.

By practicing the passive voice, you'll be able to enrich your speaking and writing, making your Malay language skills more versatile. Remember, the key is to keep practicing and applying what you've learned in real conversations!

Table of Contents - Malay (individual language) Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction

Basic Vocabulary

Malay Culture and Tradition

Intermediate Structures

Advanced Vocabulary

Modern Malaysia

A1 Exam Preparation

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Relative-Clauses|◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Malay-individual-language-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Grammar → Passive Voice</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Grammar → Intermediate Structures → Passive Voice</div>
+Welcome to the next exciting chapter of your Malay language journey! Today, we will explore the '''passive voice'''—a fascinating aspect of Malay grammar that adds depth and variety to your language skills. Understanding the passive voice is crucial because it allows you to emphasize the action and its recipient rather than the doer. This can be particularly useful in various contexts, from storytelling to formal writing.
+In this lesson, we'll break down the formation and usage of the passive voice in Malay, providing you with clear examples and practical exercises to solidify your understanding. By the end of this lesson, you should feel confident in identifying and using the passive voice in your conversations and writings.
 __TOC__
-<h2>Introduction</h2>
+=== What is Passive Voice? ===
+The passive voice shifts the focus from the subject performing the action to the subject receiving the action. In Malay, the passive voice is used to highlight what is being done rather than who is doing it.
+For example:
+* '''Active Voice''': "Ali makan nasi." (Ali eats rice.)
+* '''Passive Voice''': "Nasi dimakan oleh Ali." (Rice is eaten by Ali.)
+This structure is essential for various scenarios, such as when the doer is unknown, less important, or when we want to create a more formal tone.
+=== Formation of Passive Voice ===
+In Malay, the passive voice is typically formed by adding the prefix '''"di-"''' to the verb. Here's how it works:
+. '''Identify the verb''' in its active form.
+. '''Add the prefix "di-"''' to convert it into the passive form.
+. '''Optional''': Include the doer using "oleh" if it's necessary for context.
+Let's look at some examples in a table format:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Ali membaca buku. || Ali məmˈbɑ.tʃa ˈbu.ku || Ali reads a book.
+|-
+| Buku dibaca oleh Ali. || ˈbu.ku diˈbɑ.tʃa ˈo.lɛh Ali || The book is read by Ali.
+|-
+| Dia menulis surat. || diˈa məˈnu.lis ˈsu.rat || She writes a letter.
+|-
+| Surat ditulis oleh dia. || ˈsu.rat diˈtu.lis ˈo.lɛh di.a || The letter is written by her.
+|-
+| Mereka menangkap ikan. || məˈrɛ.kɑ mɛˈnɑŋ.kap ˈi.kɑn || They catch fish.
+|-
+| Ikan ditangkap oleh mereka. || ˈi.kɑn diˈtɑŋ.kap ˈo.lɛh məˈrɛ.kɑ || The fish is caught by them.
+|-
+| Saya membeli kereta. || ˈsa.ja məmˈbɛ.li kəˈrɛ.tɑ || I buy a car.
+|-
+| Kereta dibeli oleh saya. || kəˈrɛ.tɑ diˈbɛ.li ˈo.lɛh ˈsa.ja || The car is bought by me.
+|-
+| Dia memanggil saya. || diˈa məˈmaŋ.gil ˈsa.ja || She calls me.
+|-
+| Saya dipanggil oleh dia. || ˈsa.ja diˈpaŋ.gil ˈo.lɛh di.a || I am called by her.
+|}
+As you can see, transforming active sentences into passive sentences is straightforward. The prefix "di-" is crucial, as it signals the passive voice.
+=== Usage of Passive Voice ===
+The passive voice is commonly used in several contexts:
+. '''When the doer is unknown or irrelevant''':
+* Example: "Surat itu ditulis." (The letter was written.)
+* Here, we focus on the letter rather than who wrote it.
+. '''To emphasize the action or the receiver''':
+* Example: "Kue ini dimakan." (This cake is eaten.)
+* We emphasize the cake rather than the person eating it.
+. '''In formal writing or storytelling''':
+* Example: "Proyek itu selesai." (The project is completed.)
+* This is often used in news articles or reports.
+. '''To show politeness or objectivity''':
+* Example: "Kesalahan telah diperbaiki." (The mistake has been corrected.)
-As a Malay language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I have seen the struggles of students when it comes to understanding the passive voice in Malay. In this lesson which is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Malay (individual language) Course", we will cover the passive voice in Malay, including formation and usage.
+* This sounds more formal and less accusatory.
-<h2>Passive Voice</h2>
+=== Examples of Passive Voice in Different Contexts ===
-The passive voice in Malay is used to show that the subject is the recipient of the action, instead of the doer of the action, which is indicated by the object. The passive voice is formed by using the word <i>"oleh"</i> (by) followed by the doer of the action, followed by the past participle of the verb. Here is an example below:
+Let's dive deeper into some more examples, illustrating various contexts where the passive voice can be effectively used:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Makanan dimasak. || mɑ.kɑˈnɑn diˈmɑ.sak || The food is cooked.
+|-
+| Surat itu diterima. || ˈsu.rat ˈi.tu diˈtɛ.ri.mɑ || The letter is received.
+|-
+| Buku ini ditulis oleh penulis terkenal. || ˈbu.ku ˈi.ni diˈtu.lis ˈo.lɛh pəˈnu.lis tərˈkə.nɑl || This book is written by a famous author.
+|-
+| File tersebut telah disimpan. || ˈfaɪ.lɛ tərˈsɛ.bʊd tɛ.lah diˈsɪm.pɑn || The file has been saved.
+|-
+| Pekerjaan itu akan dilakukan. || pəˈkər.dʒɑn ˈi.tu ˈa.kɑn di.lɑ.kʊ.kɑn || The work will be done.
+|-
+| Kenderaan itu sedang dicuci. || kən.dərˈɑn ˈi.tu sɪˈdɑŋ diˈtʃu.tʃi || The vehicle is being washed.
 |-
-|Rumah itu || Roo-mah ee-too || The house
+| Peraturan baru telah dibuat. || pəˈra.tu.rɑn ˈbɑ.ru tɛ.lah diˈbʊ.ɑt || The new regulation has been made.
+|-
+| Ujian akan diberikan. || uˈdʒi.an ˈa.kɑn diˈbɪ.ri.kɑn || The exam will be given.
 |-
-|dibina || dee-bee-nah || was built
+| Masalah ini sedang dibincangkan. || mɑˈsɑ.lɑh ˈi.ni sɪˈdɑŋ diˈbɪn.tʃɑn || This issue is being discussed.
 |-
-|oleh pembina || oh-leh pem-bee-nah || by the builder
+| Pelajaran akan dipelajari. || pəˈlɑ.dʒɑ.rɑn ˈa.kɑn di.pəˈlɑ.dʒɑ.ri || The lesson will be learned.
 |}
-This table shows that "Rumah itu" (the house) is the receiver of the action, "dibina" (was built) is the past participle of the verb "bina" (to build), and "oleh pembina" (by the builder) is the doer of the action.
+Now that you have a good grasp of the formation and usage of the passive voice, it's time to put this knowledge into practice!
+=== Exercises ===
+Here are some exercises to help reinforce your understanding of the passive voice in Malay.
+==== Exercise 1: Convert Active to Passive ====
+Convert the following active sentences to passive voice:
+. Ali menyanyi lagu.
+. Ibu memasak nasi.
+. Mereka menonton filem.
+. Dia membaca majalah.
+. Kami membina rumah.
+==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
+Complete the following sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in parentheses:
+. Surat itu ______ (tulis) oleh guru.
+. Makanan ______ (masak) oleh chef.
+. Kenderaan ______ (perbaiki) oleh mekanik.
+. Buku ini ______ (baca) oleh pelajar.
+. Pekerjaan ______ (siap) oleh pekerja.
+==== Exercise 3: Identify Passive Voice ====
+Identify whether the following sentences are in passive voice or active voice:
+. Kue telah dimakan oleh anak-anak.
+. Mereka bermain bola.
+. Surat itu telah dihantar.
+. Dia menulis surat.
+. Ikan itu ditangkap oleh nelayan.
+==== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ====
+Using the following subjects, create passive sentences:
+. Penulis
+. Doktor
+. Pelajar
+. Ibu
+. Ayah
+==== Exercise 5: Translate to English ====
+Translate the following passive sentences to English:
+. Buku ini dibaca oleh saya.
+. Makanan telah dimasak oleh dia.
+. Surat itu ditulis oleh mereka.
+. Kenderaan sedang diperbaiki.
+. Ujian akan diadakan oleh sekolah.
+=== Solutions and Explanations ===
+Now let's go through the exercises and provide solutions to each one:
+==== Exercise 1 Solutions ====
+. Lagu dinyanyikan oleh Ali.
+. Nasi dimasak oleh ibu.
+. Filem ditonton oleh mereka.
+. Majalah dibaca oleh dia.
+. Rumah dibina oleh kami.
+==== Exercise 2 Solutions ====
+. Surat itu ditulis oleh guru.
+. Makanan dimasak oleh chef.
+. Kenderaan diperbaiki oleh mekanik.
+. Buku ini dibaca oleh pelajar.
+. Pekerjaan siap oleh pekerja.
+==== Exercise 3 Solutions ====
-<h3>Formation of Passive Voice</h3>
+. Passive Voice
-To form the passive voice in Malay, you need to follow these steps:
+. Active Voice
-<ol>
+. Passive Voice
-<li>Start with the object of the active sentence as the subject of the passive sentence.</li>
-<li>Use the verb "dijadikan" or "dibuat" before the object.</li>
-<li>Follow with the past participle of the verb.</li>
-<li>End with the word "oleh" and the person or thing doing the action.</li>
-</ol>
-Here's an example:
+. Active Voice
-<blockquote>
+. Passive Voice
-<p>"Ibu mengajar anak."</p>
-<p>Active voice: Mother teaches child.</p>
-<p>"Anak dijadikan pembelajaran oleh ibu."</p>
+==== Exercise 4 Solutions ====
-<p>Passive voice: Child is taught by mother.</p>
-</blockquote>
-In the passive sentence above, "anak" (child) is the object of the active sentence and is used as the subject of the passive sentence. The verb "dijadikan" (made into) is used in place of "mengajar" (teaches) to indicate the passive voice. The word "oleh" (by) is used to show that the action was performed by "ibu" (mother).
+. Buku ini ditulis oleh penulis.
-<h3>Usage of Passive Voice</h3>
+. Penyakit disembuhkan oleh doktor.
-The passive voice in Malay is used for several reasons:
+. Pelajaran ini diajarkan oleh pelajar.
-<ol>
+. Makanan dimasak oleh ibu.
-<li>To emphasize the receiver of the action.</li>
-<li>To avoid repetition of the subject</li>
-<li>To avoid pointing out the doer of the action.</li>
-</ol>
-Here are examples that show the use of passive voice in different contexts:
+. Kereta dibeli oleh ayah.
-<blockquote>
+==== Exercise 5 Solutions ====
-<p>"Kain ini dibuat di Malaysia."</p>
-<p>This cloth was made in Malaysia.</p>
-<p>Here, the passive voice is used to emphasize the origin of the cloth, instead of the doer of the action.</p>
+. This book is read by me.
-<p>"Tolong ambilkan saya buku itu."</p>
+. The food has been cooked by her.
-<p>Please bring me that book.</p>
-<p>In this sentence, the passive voice is used to avoid repeating the subject, which is "saya" (me).</p>
-<p>"Rumah kami dirampas oleh pihak berkuasa."</p>
+. The letter is written by them.
-<p>Our house was seized by the authorities.</p>
-<p>Here, the passive voice is used to avoid pointing out the doer of the action, which is "pihak berkuasa" (the authorities).</p>
-</blockquote>
+. The vehicle is being repaired.
-<h2>Conclusion</h2>
+. The exam will be held by the school.
-In conclusion, the passive voice in Malay helps emphasize the receiver of the action, and is useful in avoiding repetition, and avoiding pointing out the doer of the action. By following the simple steps highlighted in this lesson, you can use the passive voice in Malay correctly to enhance your language learning experience.
+=== Conclusion ===
+Congratulations! You've successfully navigated through the concept of the passive voice in Malay. This grammatical structure is not just a tool for communication but also a way to express subtleties in meaning and emphasis.
+By practicing the passive voice, you'll be able to enrich your speaking and writing, making your Malay language skills more versatile. Remember, the key is to keep practicing and applying what you've learned in real conversations!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Malay (individual language) Grammar → Intermediate Structures → Passive Voice
-|keywords=Malay passive voice, Malay intermediate structures, Malay language learning, Malay grammar
+|title=Malay Passive Voice Lesson
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the passive voice in Malay, including examples and tips for correct usage. Improve your Malay language skills with our intermediate structures lesson.
+|keywords=Malay grammar, passive voice, learn Malay, Malay language, passive sentences
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the formation and usage of the passive voice in Malay, with examples and practice exercises.
 }}
-{{Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 93: / Line 329: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Relative-Clauses|Relative Clauses]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation|Alphabet and Pronunciation]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/A1-Exam-Overview|A1 Exam Overview]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Questions-and-Interrogatives|Questions and Interrogatives]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Exam-Strategies|Exam Strategies]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
+* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Practice-Exams|Practice Exams]]
 {{Malay-individual-language-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Relative-Clauses|◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>