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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Pinyin-Introduction|◀️ Pinyin Introduction — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Tone-Pairs|Next Lesson — Tone Pairs ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Mandarin-chinese-Page-Top}}
{{Mandarin-chinese-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Mandarin-chinese|Mandarin Chinese]]  → [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Tones Introduction</div>
Welcome to the "Tones Introduction" lesson of our '''Complete 0 to A1 Mandarin Chinese Course'''! As you embark on your journey to learn Mandarin, understanding tones is crucial. In Mandarin Chinese, tones are not just an embellishment; they are fundamental to conveying meaning. A single syllable can have multiple meanings depending on its tone, so mastering this aspect is essential for effective communication.
=== Why Are Tones Important? ===
Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language, which means that the pitch or intonation used when pronouncing a word can change its meaning entirely. For instance, the syllable "ma" can mean different things based on its tone:
* 妈 (mā) – mother
* 麻 (má) – hemp
* 马 (mǎ) – horse
* 骂 (mà) – to scold


<div class="pg_page_title">Mandarin Chinese Grammar → Pinyin and Tones → Tones Introduction</div>
This lesson will guide you through the four main tones of Mandarin Chinese, provide examples for each, and even introduce some tone change rules. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grounding in how tones function in Mandarin, allowing you to pronounce words accurately and understand the meanings more effectively.


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Mandarin Chinese teacher with 20 years of experience, I know that tones can be a tricky subject for beginners. But don't worry, after this lesson, you will get a better understanding of Mandarin Chinese tones and rules, making your Mandarin Chinese pronunciation more accurate and natural.
=== The Four Tones of Mandarin ===
 
Mandarin Chinese has four distinct tones, and understanding these will be the foundation of your pronunciation. Let's break these tones down one by one.
 
==== Tone 1: The High Level Tone ====
 
The first tone is a high, level tone. When you pronounce it, your voice should stay at a high pitch without any rise or fall.
 
* '''Pinyin''': mā
 
* '''IPA''': [mā]
 
* '''Meaning''': mother


<h2>Tones in Mandarin Chinese</h2>
Here's how it looks in a table:


In Mandarin Chinese, tones are an essential part of the language. Mandarin Chinese has four main tones and one neutral tone. These tones differentiate the meaning of words that are pronounced with the same sounds but with different tones.
{| class="wikitable"


<h3>The Four Tones of Mandarin Chinese</h3>
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-


Below are the four commonly recognized tones found in Mandarin Chinese:
| 妈 || mā || mother


<ol>
|}
<li><b>First Tone (Flat Tone):</b> A high, level pitch, represented by a horizontal line above a vowel. For example, the word "mā" means "mother" in Mandarin Chinese with the first tone.</li>
<li><b>Second Tone (Rising Tone):</b> A rising pitch, represented by a diagonal line rising from left to right above a vowel. For example, the word "má" means "hemp" in Mandarin Chinese with the second tone.</li>
<li><b>Third Tone (Falling-Rising Tone):</b> A tone that falls from the middle pitch to a low pitch before rising again to a high pitch, represented by a diagonal line that goes down before rising. For example, the word "mǎ" means "horse" in Mandarin Chinese with the third tone.</li>
<li><b>Fourth Tone (Falling Tone):</b> A tone that falls sharply from a high pitch to a low pitch, represented by a diagonal line falling from left to right. For example, the word "mà" means "scold" in Mandarin Chinese with the fourth tone.</li>
</ol>


<h3>The Neutral Tone in Mandarin Chinese </h3>
==== Tone 2: The Rising Tone ====


The fifth tone of Mandarin Chinese is the neutral tone. It is pronounced with a level tone and is used when a syllable that would normally have a tone is pronounced without one. The neutral tone is often used in combination with other tones to avoid saying two high tones or two falling tones in a row.
The second tone is a rising tone, similar to the intonation used when asking a question in English. You start at a mid-level pitch and rise to a high pitch.


Here's an example of how neutral tones work in a sentence. The sentence is 你好吗？ (nǐ hǎo ma?) which means "How are you?" in Mandarin Chinese. The final particle 吗 (ma) is pronounced with a neutral tone because it is a question particle and helps to avoid two third tones in a row.
* '''Pinyin''': má


<h2>Tone Change Rules in Mandarin Chinese </h2>
* '''IPA''': [má]


In Mandarin Chinese, there are some rules about how tones change depending on the context in which they are used. Here are some of the most common tone change rules in Mandarin Chinese:
* '''Meaning''': hemp


<ol>
Example:
<li><b>Tone sandhi (连读):</b> Tone sandhi occurs when two syllables are pronounced one after the other, and the tone of the first syllable changes according to the tone of the following syllable. For example, the sentence "你好吗?" is pronounced with two third tones as "ní hǎo ma?" instead of "nǐ hǎo ma?"</li>
<li><b> Tone change before neutral tone:</b> When a syllable in Mandarin Chinese would be followed by a neutral tone, the tone of the syllable changes according to the tone of the preceding word/syllable. For example, in the sentence "我是中国人" (wǒ shì zhōng guó rén), the second syllable "是" is pronounced as the fourth tone instead of the second tone because it is followed by the neutral tone "zhong".</li>
<li><b>Third tones in combination:</b> When two third tones occur next to each other, the tone of the first third tone becomes a second tone. For example, the compound word "小心" (xiǎo xīn) is pronounced as "xiáoxīn" to avoid two consecutive third tones.</li>
</ol>


<h2>Examples of Tones in Mandarin Chinese </h2>
{| class="wikitable"


Here are some commonly used words in Mandarin Chinese that demonstrate the different tones in the language:
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| 妈 || mā || mother (first tone)
 
| 麻 || má || hemp
 
|}
 
==== Tone 3: The Low or Dipping Tone ====
 
The third tone begins at a mid-low pitch, dips down, and then rises again. It's a bit more complex, but don't worry; you'll get the hang of it!
 
* '''Pinyin''': mǎ
 
* '''IPA''': [mǎ]
 
* '''Meaning''': horse
 
Example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| 马 || mǎ || horse (third tone)
 
| 马 || mǎ || horse
 
|}
 
==== Tone 4: The Falling Tone ====
 
The fourth tone is a sharp, falling tone. It starts high and drops quickly, similar to an emphatic command or exclamation.
 
* '''Pinyin''': mà
 
* '''IPA''': [mà]
 
* '''Meaning''': to scold
 
Example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| 麻 || má || numb (second tone)
 
| 骂 || mà || to scold
 
|}
 
=== Summary of Tones ===
 
Here's a quick summary of the four tones in Mandarin:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Tone !! Pinyin !! IPA !! Meaning
 
|-
|-
| 骂 || mà || scold (fourth tone)
 
| 1 || mā || [mā] || mother
 
|-
|-
| 一 || yī || one (first tone)
 
| 2 || má || [má] || hemp
 
|-
|-
| 衣服 || yī fu || clothes (first and fourth tone)
 
| 3 || mǎ || [mǎ] || horse
 
|-
|-
| 有 || yǒu || have (third tone)  
 
| 4 || mà || [mà] || to scold
 
|}
 
=== Tone Change Rules ===
 
Now that we've covered the four tones, let's look at some tone change rules. These rules can come in handy as you learn more complex phrases and sentences.
 
==== Tone Sandhi ====
 
Tone sandhi refers to the phenomenon where tones change based on their position in a phrase. The most common example occurs with the third tone. When two third tones appear in succession, the first one changes to a second tone.
 
* '''Example''': nǐ hǎo (你好) – "hello"
 
* Here, both "nǐ" (你) and "hǎo" (好) originally have a third tone, but "nǐ" changes to the second tone: ní hǎo (ní hǎo).
 
* '''Table of Example''':
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
|友人|| yǒu rén || friend (third and first tone)
 
| 你好 || nǐ hǎo || hello
 
|-
 
| 你好 (with tone sandhi) || ní hǎo || hello
 
|}
|}


<h2>Practice Makes Perfect</h2>
==== Other Tone Changes ====
 
1. '''When the third tone is followed by a tone other than the third tone''', it remains unchanged:
 
* Example: wǒ ài nǐ (我爱你) – "I love you"
 
* Table:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-


To improve your Mandarin Chinese tone pronunciation, it is essential to practice. You can listen to various Mandarin Chinese podcasts, watch Chinese movies or dramatizations or make use of various courses offered by Mandarin Chinese language institutes such as Confucius Institute. Practising every day can help you speak more accurately and fluently.
| 我爱你 || wǒ ài nǐ || I love you


<h2>Sources Used</h2>
|}
<ul>
 
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a></li>
2. '''When a second tone is followed by a first tone''', the second tone remains unchanged:
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)">Tone (linguistics)</a></li>
 
</ul>
* Example: zhōng guó (中国) – "China"
 
* Table:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 中国 || zhōng guó || China
 
|}
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that we've covered the tones and some tone change rules, let's practice! Here are some exercises to help reinforce what you've learned.
 
=== Exercise 1: Identify the Tone ===
 
Listen to the following words and identify their tone.
 
1. 妈 (mā)
 
2. 麻 (má)
 
3. 马 (mǎ)
 
4. 骂 (mà)
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. Tone 1
 
2. Tone 2
 
3. Tone 3
 
4. Tone 4
 
=== Exercise 2: Tone Matching ===
 
Match the following pinyin with their corresponding English meanings.
 
1. mā
 
2. má
 
3. mǎ
 
4. mà
 
* '''Options''':
 
* a. to scold
 
* b. mother
 
* c. horse
 
* d. hemp
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. b
 
2. d
 
3. c
 
4. a
 
=== Exercise 3: Tone Sandhi Practice ===
 
Convert the following phrases using tone sandhi rules where applicable.
 
1. nǐ hǎo
 
2. tǐng hǎo (挺好)
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. ní hǎo
 
2. tǐng hǎo (no change)
 
=== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct tone for each word.
 
1. _____ (mā) – mother
 
2. _____ (mǎ) – horse
 
3. _____ (mà) – to scold
 
4. _____ (má) – hemp
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. Tone 1
 
2. Tone 3
 
3. Tone 4
 
4. Tone 2
 
=== Exercise 5: Tone Production ===
 
Practice saying the following words while focusing on the correct tone.
 
1. 妈 (mā)
 
2. 麻 (má)
 
3. 马 (mǎ)
 
4. 骂 (mà)
 
=== Exercise 6: Tone Listening Exercise ===
 
Listen to a native speaker pronounce the following words and write down the tones you hear.
 
1. 你 (nǐ) – you
 
2. 好 (hǎo) – good
 
3. 吗 (ma) – question particle
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. Tone 3
 
2. Tone 3
 
3. Tone 5 (neutral tone)
 
=== Exercise 7: Create Sentences ===
 
Using the words from the previous exercises, create sentences and pay attention to tone usage.
 
1. 妈 (mā) + 吗 (ma) = 妈吗? (Is it mother?)
 
2. 我 (wǒ) + 爱 (ài) + 妈 (mā) = 我爱妈 (I love mother).
 
=== Exercise 8: Tone Recognition in Context ===
 
Read the following sentences and identify the tones of highlighted words.
 
1. 妈，你好吗？(Mother, how are you?)
 
2. 麻烦你 (Please, trouble you).
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. 妈 - Tone 1
 
2. 麻 - Tone 2
 
=== Exercise 9: Tone Change Application ===
 
Transform the following phrases using tone change rules.
 
1. nǐ hǎo (你好) - hello
 
2. wǒ ài nǐ (我爱你) - I love you
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. ní hǎo
 
2. wǒ ài nǐ (no change)
 
=== Exercise 10: Tone Drill ===
 
Practice pronouncing the following tone pairs to improve your tonal accuracy.
 
1. mā - má
 
2. mǎ - mà
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations on completing the Tones Introduction lesson! Understanding and mastering the tones in Mandarin Chinese is a stepping stone toward becoming a fluent speaker. Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep listening, speaking, and practicing these tonal nuances, and you'll find that they will soon become second nature. In the next lesson, we will continue building upon these foundations and introduce you to tone pairs. Happy learning!


{{#seo:
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|keywords=Mandarin Chinese, tones, pinyin, beginner, pronunciation, tone change  
|title=Mandarin Chinese Tones Introduction
|description=In this introductory lesson to tones in Mandarin Chinese, learn pronunciation, change rules, and examples to improve your beginner level  Mandarin Chinese skills.
 
|keywords=Mandarin Chinese, tones, language learning, tonal languages, pronunciation, tone change, complete course
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the four tones of Mandarin Chinese, examples for each, and tone change rules to enhance your pronunciation skills.
 
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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>




==Related Lessons==
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Connect-two-nouns-with-是-(shì)|Connect two nouns with 是 (shì)]]
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Connect-two-nouns-with-是-(shì)|Connect two nouns with 是 (shì)]]
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Talk-about-the-weather|Talk about the weather]]
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Talk-about-the-weather|Talk about the weather]]
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* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Common-and-Proper-Nouns|Common and Proper Nouns]]
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Common-and-Proper-Nouns|Common and Proper Nouns]]
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/和-(hé)|和 (hé)]]
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/和-(hé)|和 (hé)]]


{{Mandarin-chinese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Mandarin-chinese-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Pinyin-Introduction|◀️ Pinyin Introduction — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Tone-Pairs|Next Lesson — Tone Pairs ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 17:31, 31 July 2024

◀️ Pinyin Introduction — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Tone Pairs ▶️

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Mandarin Chinese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Tones Introduction

Welcome to the "Tones Introduction" lesson of our Complete 0 to A1 Mandarin Chinese Course! As you embark on your journey to learn Mandarin, understanding tones is crucial. In Mandarin Chinese, tones are not just an embellishment; they are fundamental to conveying meaning. A single syllable can have multiple meanings depending on its tone, so mastering this aspect is essential for effective communication.

Why Are Tones Important?[edit | edit source]

Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language, which means that the pitch or intonation used when pronouncing a word can change its meaning entirely. For instance, the syllable "ma" can mean different things based on its tone:

  • 妈 (mā) – mother
  • 麻 (má) – hemp
  • 马 (mǎ) – horse
  • 骂 (mà) – to scold

This lesson will guide you through the four main tones of Mandarin Chinese, provide examples for each, and even introduce some tone change rules. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grounding in how tones function in Mandarin, allowing you to pronounce words accurately and understand the meanings more effectively.

The Four Tones of Mandarin[edit | edit source]

Mandarin Chinese has four distinct tones, and understanding these will be the foundation of your pronunciation. Let's break these tones down one by one.

Tone 1: The High Level Tone[edit | edit source]

The first tone is a high, level tone. When you pronounce it, your voice should stay at a high pitch without any rise or fall.

  • Pinyin: mā
  • IPA: [mā]
  • Meaning: mother

Here's how it looks in a table:

Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation English
妈 mā mother

Tone 2: The Rising Tone[edit | edit source]

The second tone is a rising tone, similar to the intonation used when asking a question in English. You start at a mid-level pitch and rise to a high pitch.

  • Pinyin: má
  • IPA: [má]
  • Meaning: hemp

Example:

Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation English
麻 má hemp

Tone 3: The Low or Dipping Tone[edit | edit source]

The third tone begins at a mid-low pitch, dips down, and then rises again. It's a bit more complex, but don't worry; you'll get the hang of it!

  • Pinyin: mǎ
  • IPA: [mǎ]
  • Meaning: horse

Example:

Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation English
马 mǎ horse

Tone 4: The Falling Tone[edit | edit source]

The fourth tone is a sharp, falling tone. It starts high and drops quickly, similar to an emphatic command or exclamation.

  • Pinyin: mà
  • IPA: [mà]
  • Meaning: to scold

Example:

Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation English
骂 mà to scold

Summary of Tones[edit | edit source]

Here's a quick summary of the four tones in Mandarin:

Tone Pinyin IPA Meaning
1 mā [mā] mother
2 má [má] hemp
3 mǎ [mǎ] horse
4 mà [mà] to scold

Tone Change Rules[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the four tones, let's look at some tone change rules. These rules can come in handy as you learn more complex phrases and sentences.

Tone Sandhi[edit | edit source]

Tone sandhi refers to the phenomenon where tones change based on their position in a phrase. The most common example occurs with the third tone. When two third tones appear in succession, the first one changes to a second tone.

  • Example: nǐ hǎo (你好) – "hello"
  • Here, both "nǐ" (你) and "hǎo" (好) originally have a third tone, but "nǐ" changes to the second tone: ní hǎo (ní hǎo).
  • Table of Example:
Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation English
你好 nǐ hǎo hello
你好 (with tone sandhi) ní hǎo hello

Other Tone Changes[edit | edit source]

1. When the third tone is followed by a tone other than the third tone, it remains unchanged:

  • Example: wǒ ài nǐ (我爱你) – "I love you"
  • Table:
Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation English
我爱你 wǒ ài nǐ I love you

2. When a second tone is followed by a first tone, the second tone remains unchanged:

  • Example: zhōng guó (中国) – "China"
  • Table:
Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation English
中国 zhōng guó China

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the tones and some tone change rules, let's practice! Here are some exercises to help reinforce what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Identify the Tone[edit | edit source]

Listen to the following words and identify their tone.

1. 妈 (mā)

2. 麻 (má)

3. 马 (mǎ)

4. 骂 (mà)

  • Answers:

1. Tone 1

2. Tone 2

3. Tone 3

4. Tone 4

Exercise 2: Tone Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the following pinyin with their corresponding English meanings.

1. mā

2. má

3. mǎ

4. mà

  • Options:
  • a. to scold
  • b. mother
  • c. horse
  • d. hemp
  • Answers:

1. b

2. d

3. c

4. a

Exercise 3: Tone Sandhi Practice[edit | edit source]

Convert the following phrases using tone sandhi rules where applicable.

1. nǐ hǎo

2. tǐng hǎo (挺好)

  • Answers:

1. ní hǎo

2. tǐng hǎo (no change)

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct tone for each word.

1. _____ (mā) – mother

2. _____ (mǎ) – horse

3. _____ (mà) – to scold

4. _____ (má) – hemp

  • Answers:

1. Tone 1

2. Tone 3

3. Tone 4

4. Tone 2

Exercise 5: Tone Production[edit | edit source]

Practice saying the following words while focusing on the correct tone.

1. 妈 (mā)

2. 麻 (má)

3. 马 (mǎ)

4. 骂 (mà)

Exercise 6: Tone Listening Exercise[edit | edit source]

Listen to a native speaker pronounce the following words and write down the tones you hear.

1. 你 (nǐ) – you

2. 好 (hǎo) – good

3. 吗 (ma) – question particle

  • Answers:

1. Tone 3

2. Tone 3

3. Tone 5 (neutral tone)

Exercise 7: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the words from the previous exercises, create sentences and pay attention to tone usage.

1. 妈 (mā) + 吗 (ma) = 妈吗? (Is it mother?)

2. 我 (wǒ) + 爱 (ài) + 妈 (mā) = 我爱妈 (I love mother).

Exercise 8: Tone Recognition in Context[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the tones of highlighted words.

1. 妈，你好吗？(Mother, how are you?)

2. 麻烦你 (Please, trouble you).

  • Answers:

1. 妈 - Tone 1

2. 麻 - Tone 2

Exercise 9: Tone Change Application[edit | edit source]

Transform the following phrases using tone change rules.

1. nǐ hǎo (你好) - hello

2. wǒ ài nǐ (我爱你) - I love you

  • Answers:

1. ní hǎo

2. wǒ ài nǐ (no change)

Exercise 10: Tone Drill[edit | edit source]

Practice pronouncing the following tone pairs to improve your tonal accuracy.

1. mā - má

2. mǎ - mà

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the Tones Introduction lesson! Understanding and mastering the tones in Mandarin Chinese is a stepping stone toward becoming a fluent speaker. Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep listening, speaking, and practicing these tonal nuances, and you'll find that they will soon become second nature. In the next lesson, we will continue building upon these foundations and introduce you to tone pairs. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Mandarin Chinese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Pinyin and Tones


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Sentence Structure and Word Order


Daily Life and Survival Expressions


Chinese Festivals and Traditions


Verbs and Verb Usage


Hobbies, Sports and Activities


China's Geography and Landmarks


Nouns and Pronouns


Professions and Personality Traits


Chinese Traditional Arts and Crafts


Comparative and Superlative


Cities, Countries and Tourist Destinations


Modern China and Current Events


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Pinyin Introduction — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Tone Pairs ▶️

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