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{{Croatian-Page-Top}}
{{Croatian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Croatian|Croatian]]  → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Pronouns</div>
Welcome to this exciting lesson on Croatian grammar! Today, we will dive deep into the fascinating world of '''prepositions''' and '''pronouns'''. Understanding these two aspects is crucial for building the groundwork of your Croatian language skills. Why? Because prepositions help us establish relationships between words, while pronouns allow us to communicate more efficiently by replacing nouns in our sentences.
In this lesson, you can expect to learn:
* What prepositions and pronouns are, along with their functions in sentences
* Different types of Croatian prepositions and pronouns
* Examples to illustrate their usage
* Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding
So, let’s roll up our sleeves and get started!


<div class="pg_page_title">Croatian Grammar → Introduction to Croatian Grammar → Prepositions and Pronouns</div>
__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Croatian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I believe that mastering prepositions and pronouns is essential for understanding and communicating effectively in Croatian. These parts of speech can be tricky to learn, but with practice and cultural insights, you can grasp their different forms and functions.
=== Prepositions ===
 
Let's begin by discussing '''prepositions'''. In Croatian, prepositions are words that express a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. They can indicate location, direction, time, and more.  


Prepositions are words that show the relationship between nouns, pronouns or other parts of sentences to each other. Croatian prepositions can be divided into several categories, including movement, time, place, and manner. Pronouns, on the other hand, are words that replace nouns in a sentence or represent people, things, or ideas. In Croatian, they take on different forms depending on their placement in a sentence and their grammatical function.
==== Types of Prepositions ====


To get started on your journey to mastering Croatian prepositions and pronouns, let's explore some key concepts and examples.
There are two main types of prepositions in Croatian:


== Prepositions ==
1. '''Simple Prepositions''': These are standalone words.


=== Movement Prepositions ===
2. '''Compound Prepositions''': These consist of two or more parts and often combine a preposition with a noun.


Movement prepositions express a direction or change in direction. These prepositions are usually followed by the accusative case. Here are some common examples:
==== Common Simple Prepositions ====
 
Here are some of the most common simple prepositions in Croatian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| U || oo || in, to, at
 
| u || oo || in
 
|-
|-
| Na || nah || on, onto, at
 
| na || nah || on
 
|-
|-
| Iza || eezah || behind, in back of
 
| iz || iz || from
 
|-
|-
| Ispod || eespoht || under, below
|}


=== Time Prepositions ===
| s || s || with
 
|-
 
| do || doh || to
 
|-


As the name suggests, time prepositions are used to express time or duration. These prepositions are usually followed by the genitive case. Here are some common examples:
| o || oh || about


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Za || zah || for, in, during
 
| bez || behz || without
 
|-
|-
| Od || ohd || from, since
 
| pred || prehd || in front of
 
|-
|-
| Nakon || nahkohn || after
 
| iza || ee-zah || behind
 
|-
|-
| Prije || preeyeh || before
 
| između || iz-meh-doo-ye || between
 
|}
|}


=== Place Prepositions ===
==== Common Compound Prepositions ====


Place prepositions are used to denote location or position. These prepositions can be followed by either the accusative or locative case, depending on the situation. Here are some common examples:
Now, let’s look at some common compound prepositions:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Pod || pod || under, below
 
| ispod || ees-pohd || under
 
|-
|-
| Na || nah || on, onto, at
 
| iznad || eez-nahd || above
 
|-
|-
| U || oo || in, to, at
 
| pored || poh-rehd || beside
 
|-
|-
| Ispred || eesprehd || in front of
|}


=== Manner Prepositions ===
| unutar || oo-noo-tar || inside


Finally, manner prepositions describe the manner or method of an action. These prepositions are followed by the instrumental case. Here are some common examples:
|-
 
| izvan || eez-vahn || outside


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| S || ss || with
 
| prema || prem-ah || towards
 
|-
|-
| Bez || behz || without
 
| zbog || zbohg || because of
 
|-
|-
| Prema || prehma || toward, to, for
 
| tijekom || tee-eh-kom || during
 
|-
|-
| Kao || kah-oh || as
 
| kroz || krohz || through
 
|-
 
| oko || oh-koh || around
 
|}
|}


== Pronouns ==
==== Usage of Prepositions ====
 
Prepositions can change the meaning of a sentence significantly. For instance:
 
* '''U školi''' (In the school)
 
* '''Na stolu''' (On the table)
 
In these examples, the prepositions "u" and "na" indicate the location of the subjects.
 
=== Pronouns ===


=== Personal Pronouns ===
Now that we’ve covered prepositions, let’s move on to '''pronouns'''. Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition and make communication smoother.


Personal pronouns replace the names of people or things in a sentence. In Croatian, they have several different forms, depending on their grammatical function. Here are some examples:
==== Types of Pronouns ====
 
In Croatian, we have several types of pronouns:
 
1. '''Personal Pronouns''': Refer to specific people or things.
 
2. '''Possessive Pronouns''': Indicate ownership.
 
3. '''Demonstrative Pronouns''': Point out specific items.
 
4. '''Relative Pronouns''': Connect clauses.
 
==== Personal Pronouns ====
 
Let's start with the personal pronouns, which are vital in everyday conversation:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ja || yah || I
 
| ja || yah || I
 
|-
|-
| Ti || tee || You (singular)
 
| ti || tee || you (singular)
 
|-
|-
| On || ohn || He, it
 
| on || ohn || he
 
|-
|-
| Ona || oh-nah || She, it
 
| ona || oh-nah || she
 
|-
|-
| Mi || mee || We
 
| ono || oh-no || it
 
|-
|-
| Vi || vee || You (plural)
 
| mi || mee || we
 
|-
|-
| Oni || oh-nee || They (masculine)
 
| vi || vee || you (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| One || oh-neh || They (feminine)
 
| oni || oh-nee || they (masculine)
 
|-
 
| one || oh-neh || they (feminine)
 
|-
 
| ona || oh-nah || they (neutral)
 
|}
|}


=== Possessive Pronouns ===
==== Possessive Pronouns ====


Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession of something. In Croatian, they are typically placed before the noun that they describe.
Possessive pronouns show ownership:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Moj || moy || My
 
| moj || moy || my
 
|-
|-
| Tvoj || t-voi || Your (singular)
 
| tvoj || tvoy || your (singular)
 
|-
|-
| Njegov || nyeh-gov || His, Its
 
| njegov || nye-gov || his
 
|-
|-
| Njezin || nyeh-zeen || Her, Its
 
| njen || nyen || her
 
|-
|-
| Naš || nahsh || Our
 
| naš || nahsh || our
 
|-
|-
| Vaš || vahsh || Your (plural)
 
| vaš || vahsh || your (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| Njihov || nyee-hov || Their (masculine)
 
|-
| njihov || nee-gov || their
| Njihov || nyeh-hov || Their (feminine)
 
|}
|}


=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
==== Demonstrative Pronouns ====


Demonstrative pronouns point out or indicate a particular object. They also have different forms in Croatian depending on gender and grammatical function.
Demonstrative pronouns help to specify particular objects:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ovaj (masc.) || oh-vai || This, these
 
| ovaj || oh-vah-y || this
 
|-
|-
| Ova (fem.) || oh-vah || This, these
 
| ona || oh-nah || that (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| Onaj (masc.) || oh-nyai || That, those
 
| ono || oh-no || that (neutral)
 
|-
|-
| Ona (fem.) || oh-nah || That, those
 
| ti || tee || these
 
|-
 
| oni || oh-nee || those
 
|}
|}


=== Interrogative Pronouns ===
==== Relative Pronouns ====


Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. They have several different forms in Croatian depending on the interrogative word used.
Relative pronouns connect clauses and provide additional information:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Tko || tkoh || Who
 
| koji || koh-yee || who/which
 
|-
|-
| Što || shtoh || What
 
| čiji || chee-yee || whose
 
|-
|-
| Gdje || gd-yeh || Where
 
|-
| što || shtoh || what
| Kada || kah-dah || When
 
|}
|}


That's just a small sample of the many prepositions and pronouns that exist in the Croatian language. By practicing and exploring their various forms and functions, you can improve your mastery of the language and your ability to communicate effectively. And while learning Croatian grammar may seem daunting at times, remember that the language is deeply connected to the rich history and culture of the region. So enjoy the journey and embrace the beauty of this unique and fascinating language!
=== Summary ===
 
In this lesson, we've explored prepositions and pronouns in Croatian, examining their types, functions, and usage. Mastering these elements is essential for constructing meaningful sentences and expressing yourself clearly.
 
Now, it’s time for you to practice what you’ve learned!
 
=== Exercises ===
 
Here are 10 exercises to solidify your understanding of prepositions and pronouns:
 
1. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions''':
 
* Ja idem ___ trgovinu. (I am going to the store.)
 
* Knjiga je ___ stolu. (The book is on the table.)
 
2. '''Translate the sentences using the provided pronouns''':
 
* (I) see (you) in the park.
 
* (They) are going (to the beach).
 
3. '''Choose the correct preposition from the options''':
 
* Sjedim (u/na) stolu. (I am sitting on the table.)
 
* Idem (do/od) kuće. (I am going to the house.)
 
4. '''Match the Croatian pronouns with their English equivalents''':
 
* ja
 
* ti
 
* on
 
* ona
 
5. '''Rewrite the sentences, replacing the nouns with appropriate pronouns''':
 
* Ana i Marko idu u kino. (Ana and Marko are going to the cinema.)
 
* Mačka pije mlijeko. (The cat is drinking milk.)
 
6. '''Form sentences using the given prepositions''':
 
* u
 
* iz
 
* s
 
7. '''Identify the possessive pronouns in the following sentences''':
 
* Ovo je moja knjiga. (This is my book.)
 
* Njihova kuća je velika. (Their house is big.)
 
8. '''Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun''':
 
* (Ovaj/Ona) je moj prijatelj. (This is my friend.)
 
* (Oni/Ti) su u parku. (Those are in the park.)
 
9. '''Translate the following sentences into Croatian''':
 
* This is my house.
 
* They are my friends.
 
10. '''Create a dialogue using at least five different prepositions and pronouns'''.
 
=== Solutions to Exercises ===


== Sources ==
1.  
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_grammar Croatian Grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_language Croatian Language]


* u
* na
2.
* Ja te vidim u parku.
* Oni idu na plažu.
3.
* Na
* Do
4.
* ja → I
* ti → you (singular)
* on → he
* ona → she
5.
* Oni idu u kino.
* Ona pije mlijeko.
6.
* Examples:
* Ja sam u kući.
* On dolazi iz škole.
* Mi smo s prijateljima.
7.
* moja
* njihova
8.
* Ovaj
* Oni
9.
* Ovo je moja kuća.
* Oni su moji prijatelji.
10. (Example Dialogue):
* A: Gdje si?
* B: Ja sam u školi.
* A: I ja idem do kuće.
* B: Idemo s prijateljima.
* A: To je odlična ideja!
By completing these exercises, you will have a better grasp of how prepositions and pronouns function in Croatian. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel more comfortable using them in conversation!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Introduction to Croatian Grammar: Prepositions and Pronouns
|keywords=Croatian grammar, Croatian language, Prepositions, Pronouns
|description=Master the use of Croatian prepositions and pronouns, including their different forms and functions. Get insights into the culture and tradition related to the language.}}


|title=Croatian Grammar Prepositions and Pronouns


{{Croatian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
|keywords=Croatian language, prepositions, pronouns, grammar, beginner Croatian
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Croatian prepositions and pronouns, their types, functions, and practical exercises to enhance your understanding.
 
}}
 
{{Template:Croatian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
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[[Category:Croatian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_grammar Serbo-Croatian grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://learn-croatian.com/accusative/ The Accusative Case: Croatian Grammar Form In Detail]
* [https://learn-croatian.com/locative/ The Locative Case: Learn The Sixth Croatian Grammatical Case]




==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
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* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Word-Order-and-Sentence-Structure|Word Order and Sentence Structure]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Word-Order-and-Sentence-Structure|Word Order and Sentence Structure]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Participles-and-Gerunds|Participles and Gerunds]]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Participles-and-Gerunds|Participles and Gerunds]]


{{Croatian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Croatian-Page-Bottom}}

Latest revision as of 00:03, 1 August 2024


Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Croatian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Pronouns

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Croatian grammar! Today, we will dive deep into the fascinating world of prepositions and pronouns. Understanding these two aspects is crucial for building the groundwork of your Croatian language skills. Why? Because prepositions help us establish relationships between words, while pronouns allow us to communicate more efficiently by replacing nouns in our sentences.

In this lesson, you can expect to learn:

  • What prepositions and pronouns are, along with their functions in sentences
  • Different types of Croatian prepositions and pronouns
  • Examples to illustrate their usage
  • Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding

So, let’s roll up our sleeves and get started!

Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Let's begin by discussing prepositions. In Croatian, prepositions are words that express a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. They can indicate location, direction, time, and more.

Types of Prepositions[edit | edit source]

There are two main types of prepositions in Croatian:

1. Simple Prepositions: These are standalone words.

2. Compound Prepositions: These consist of two or more parts and often combine a preposition with a noun.

Common Simple Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here are some of the most common simple prepositions in Croatian:

Croatian Pronunciation English
u oo in
na nah on
iz iz from
s s with
do doh to
o oh about
bez behz without
pred prehd in front of
iza ee-zah behind
između iz-meh-doo-ye between

Common Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s look at some common compound prepositions:

Croatian Pronunciation English
ispod ees-pohd under
iznad eez-nahd above
pored poh-rehd beside
unutar oo-noo-tar inside
izvan eez-vahn outside
prema prem-ah towards
zbog zbohg because of
tijekom tee-eh-kom during
kroz krohz through
oko oh-koh around

Usage of Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions can change the meaning of a sentence significantly. For instance:

  • U školi (In the school)
  • Na stolu (On the table)

In these examples, the prepositions "u" and "na" indicate the location of the subjects.

Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Now that we’ve covered prepositions, let’s move on to pronouns. Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition and make communication smoother.

Types of Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Croatian, we have several types of pronouns:

1. Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people or things.

2. Possessive Pronouns: Indicate ownership.

3. Demonstrative Pronouns: Point out specific items.

4. Relative Pronouns: Connect clauses.

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Let's start with the personal pronouns, which are vital in everyday conversation:

Croatian Pronunciation English
ja yah I
ti tee you (singular)
on ohn he
ona oh-nah she
ono oh-no it
mi mee we
vi vee you (plural/formal)
oni oh-nee they (masculine)
one oh-neh they (feminine)
ona oh-nah they (neutral)

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns show ownership:

Croatian Pronunciation English
moj moy my
tvoj tvoy your (singular)
njegov nye-gov his
njen nyen her
naš nahsh our
vaš vahsh your (plural/formal)
njihov nee-gov their

Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns help to specify particular objects:

Croatian Pronunciation English
ovaj oh-vah-y this
ona oh-nah that (feminine)
ono oh-no that (neutral)
ti tee these
oni oh-nee those

Relative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Relative pronouns connect clauses and provide additional information:

Croatian Pronunciation English
koji koh-yee who/which
čiji chee-yee whose
što shtoh what

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we've explored prepositions and pronouns in Croatian, examining their types, functions, and usage. Mastering these elements is essential for constructing meaningful sentences and expressing yourself clearly.

Now, it’s time for you to practice what you’ve learned!

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Here are 10 exercises to solidify your understanding of prepositions and pronouns:

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions:

  • Ja idem ___ trgovinu. (I am going to the store.)
  • Knjiga je ___ stolu. (The book is on the table.)

2. Translate the sentences using the provided pronouns:

  • (I) see (you) in the park.
  • (They) are going (to the beach).

3. Choose the correct preposition from the options:

  • Sjedim (u/na) stolu. (I am sitting on the table.)
  • Idem (do/od) kuće. (I am going to the house.)

4. Match the Croatian pronouns with their English equivalents:

  • ja
  • ti
  • on
  • ona

5. Rewrite the sentences, replacing the nouns with appropriate pronouns:

  • Ana i Marko idu u kino. (Ana and Marko are going to the cinema.)
  • Mačka pije mlijeko. (The cat is drinking milk.)

6. Form sentences using the given prepositions:

  • u
  • iz
  • s

7. Identify the possessive pronouns in the following sentences:

  • Ovo je moja knjiga. (This is my book.)
  • Njihova kuća je velika. (Their house is big.)

8. Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun:

  • (Ovaj/Ona) je moj prijatelj. (This is my friend.)
  • (Oni/Ti) su u parku. (Those are in the park.)

9. Translate the following sentences into Croatian:

  • This is my house.
  • They are my friends.

10. Create a dialogue using at least five different prepositions and pronouns.

Solutions to Exercises[edit | edit source]

1.

  • u
  • na

2.

  • Ja te vidim u parku.
  • Oni idu na plažu.

3.

  • Na
  • Do

4.

  • ja → I
  • ti → you (singular)
  • on → he
  • ona → she

5.

  • Oni idu u kino.
  • Ona pije mlijeko.

6.

  • Examples:
  • Ja sam u kući.
  • On dolazi iz škole.
  • Mi smo s prijateljima.

7.

  • moja
  • njihova

8.

  • Ovaj
  • Oni

9.

  • Ovo je moja kuća.
  • Oni su moji prijatelji.

10. (Example Dialogue):

  • A: Gdje si?
  • B: Ja sam u školi.
  • A: I ja idem do kuće.
  • B: Idemo s prijateljima.
  • A: To je odlična ideja!

By completing these exercises, you will have a better grasp of how prepositions and pronouns function in Croatian. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel more comfortable using them in conversation!

Table of Contents - Croatian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Croatian Culture and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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