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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Turkish|Turkish]]  → [[Language/Turkish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Participles</div>
Welcome to the lesson on participles in Turkish! As you embark on your journey to learn this beautiful language, understanding participles will open up new avenues for you to express yourself more richly and accurately. Participles play a crucial role in Turkish, adding depth to your sentences and allowing you to convey actions in various forms.


<div class="pg_page_title">Turkish Grammar → Complex Grammar → Participles</div>
In this lesson, we will explore what participles are, how they function in sentences, and how to form them in Turkish. You will find that participles can be used as adjectives or nouns, making them incredibly versatile. By the end of this lesson, you'll not only understand participles but also feel confident using them in your conversations.
 
== Lesson Outline ==


__TOC__
__TOC__


Participles are an important aspect of Turkish grammar. In this lesson, you will learn what participles are, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences.  
=== What Are Participles? ===
 
Participles are derived from verbs and can act as modifiers to nouns or serve as nouns themselves. In Turkish, participles can express actions that are ongoing, completed, or in a state of being.
 
There are two main types of participles in Turkish:
 
1. '''Present Participles''': Indicate an ongoing action.
 
2. '''Past Participles''': Indicate a completed action.
 
=== Present Participles ===
 
Present participles in Turkish are formed by adding the suffix '''-en''' or '''-an''' to the verb root. This allows you to describe an action that is currently happening.
 
=== Past Participles ===
 
Past participles are created by adding the suffix '''-miş''' or '''-dı''' (depending on vowel harmony) to the verb root. These participles describe actions that have been completed.
 
=== Examples of Participles ===
 
To illustrate the concept of participles further, here are some examples:
 
==== Present Participles Examples ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| yazan || jɑˈzɑn || writing
 
|-
 
| koşan || koˈʃɑn || running
 
|-
 
| konuşan || koˈnuʃɑn || speaking
 
|-
 
| okuyan || oˈku.jɑn || reading
 
|-
 
| düşünen || dyˈʃy.nen || thinking
 
|-
 
| oynayan || oɪˈnɑ.jɑn || playing
 
|-
 
| bekleyen || bekˈle.jen || waiting
 
|-
 
| gülümseyen || gyˈlɨm.se.jen || smiling
 
|-
 
| gezen || ɟeˈzɛn || wandering
 
|-
 
| düşen || dyˈʃɛn || falling
 
|}
 
==== Past Participles Examples ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| yazmış || jɑzˈmɨʃ || written
 
|-
 
| koşmuş || koʃˈmuʃ || run
 
|-
 
| konuşmuş || koˈnuʃmuʃ || spoken
 
|-
 
| okumuş || oˈku.muʃ || read
 
|-
 
| düşünmüş || dyˈʃyn.mɨʃ || thought
 
|-


== What are Participles ==
| oynamış || oɪˈnɑ.mɨʃ || played


Participles are verb forms that can have the characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. They are formed from verbs and can be used to describe the action of the verb in a sentence. They are often used to modify nouns or noun phrases, creating more complex sentences.
|-


Turkish has two types of participles: past participles and present participles.
| beklemiş || bekˈle.miʃ || waited


== Past Participles ==
|-


Past participles in Turkish are formed using the suffix -miş. They can be used to describe actions that have already taken place.  
| gülümsemiş || gyˈlɨm.se.miʃ || smiled


Here is how to form past participles in Turkish:
|-


# Remove the final vowel from the verb root.
| gezmiş || ɟeˈzmiʃ || wandered
# Add -miş suffix


For example, let’s look at the verb “görmek” which means “to see”. Its past participle form is “gör-müş” which means “seen”.
|-


Here is an example of how to use past participles in a sentence:
| düşmüş || dyˈʃmɨʃ || fallen


* "Ben lisede okumuş öğrenciyim." (I am a student who has graduated from high school.)
|}
* "Çocuk oynamış parkta." (The child who played in the park.)


Notice how in the examples above, the past participle plays the role of an adjective and modifies the noun.
=== Usage of Participles ===


== Present Participles ==
Now that we've explored the formation of participles, let’s discuss how they can be used in sentences:


Present participles in Turkish are formed using the suffix -iyor. They describe actions that are currently taking place.
1. '''As Adjectives''': Participles can modify nouns.


Here is how to form present participles in Turkish:
* Example: ''Yazan çocuk'' (The writing child).


# Remove the -mek or -mak ending from the verb root.
2. '''As Nouns''': Participles can also act as nouns.
# Add -iyor suffix.


For example, let's look at the verb “yapmak” which means “to do”. Its present participle form is “yap-ıyor” which means “doing”.  
* Example: ''Koşanlar burada'' (Those who are running are here).


Here is an example of how to use present participles in a sentence:
=== Practice Exercises ===


* "O yemek yapıyor." (He/She is making food.)
To help you solidify your understanding of participles, here are some exercises.  
* "Ben kitap okuyorum." (I am reading a book.)


Notice how in the examples above, the present participle plays the role of a verb and describes an ongoing action.
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Participles ====


== Participles in Complex Sentences ==
Identify the participle in the following sentences.


Participles can be used in complex sentences to create more detailed descriptions. They can be used with conjunctions like ama (but), fakat (however), veya (or), and de (also/too).
1. ''Yazan adam çok akıllı.'' (The writing man is very smart.)


Here are some examples of how participles are used in complex sentences:
2. ''Koşan kız hızlı.'' (The running girl is fast.)


* "Ben yorgunum, ama yemek yapmak zorundayım." (I am tired, but I have to cook.)
3. ''Okuyan çocuk ders çalışıyor.'' (The reading child is studying.)
* "Türkiye güzel bir ülke, fakat bazı sorunları var." (Turkey is a beautiful country, however, it has some problems.)
* "Ahmet ödev yapıyor ve Ali televizyon izliyor." (Ahmet is doing homework and Ali is watching TV.)


Notice how participles are used to provide more information about the actions in the sentence.
''Answers:''


== Summary ==
1. yazan


Participles play an important role in Turkish grammar. They provide more detail about actions in a sentence and can be used to form complex sentences. In this lesson, we learned about past and present participles, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences.
2. koşan


== Sources ==
3. okuyan


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_grammar Turkish Grammar]
==== Exercise 2: Complete the Sentence ====
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_participles Turkish Participles]
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the participle.
 
1. ''Ben ___ (yaz) bir mektup yazdım.'' (I wrote a letter that is writing.)
 
2. ''Onlar ___ (bekle) tren gelmedi.'' (They waited for the train that hasn’t come.)
 
3. ''Koşan çocuk çok mutlu.'' (The child who is running is very happy.)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. yazan
 
2. bekleyen
 
3. koşan
 
==== Exercise 3: Create Sentences ====
 
Create sentences using the provided participles.
 
1. yazan
 
2. koşan
 
3. düşen
 
''Example Sentences:''
 
1. Yazılan kitap çok öğretici. (The written book is very educational.)
 
2. Koşan çocuk çok hızlı. (The running child is very fast.)
 
3. Düşen yapraklar yere düştü. (The falling leaves fell to the ground.)
 
=== Summary ===
 
In this lesson, you learned about participles in Turkish, their types, and their usages. Participles are an essential part of the Turkish language, allowing you to express actions in various forms and add richness to your sentences.
 
Practice using them in your conversations, and don't hesitate to refer back to this lesson whenever you need a refresher.
 
=== Additional Exercises ===
 
Here are more exercises for you to practice:
 
==== Exercise 4: Translate to Turkish ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Turkish, focusing on using the correct participle forms.
 
1. The child who is reading is my brother.
 
2. The man who has written the book is here.
 
3. The girl who is playing is my sister.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Okuyan çocuk benim kardeşim.
 
2. Kitabı yazan adam burada.
 
3. Oynayan kız benim kız kardeşim.
 
==== Exercise 5: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Fill the blanks with the appropriate participles.
 
1. ''Yaz___ kitap çok güzel.'' (The written book is very beautiful.)
 
2. ''Koş___ köpek çok hızlı.'' (The running dog is very fast.)
 
3. ''Düş___ meyve yere düştü.'' (The falling fruit fell on the ground.)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. yazan
 
2. koşan
 
3. düşen
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Participles add flavor to your expressions in Turkish, enabling you to describe actions vividly. Keep practicing, and soon you will find them becoming a natural part of your vocabulary.
 
Now, go ahead and explore more sentences, and don't forget to practice with friends or language partners! Happy learning!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Turkish Grammar Lesson: Participles | Learn Turkish Online | A1 Level
 
|keywords=Turkish grammar, Participles, Turkish course, Complete Turkish course
|title=Learn Turkish Participles
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Turkish Participles, the ways to form them and how to use them in a sentence.
 
|keywords=Turkish participles, language learning, Turkish grammar, beginner Turkish, participle forms
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Turkish participles, their forms, and how to use them in sentences effectively.
 
}}
}}


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==Videos==
===Learn Turkish-30 Participle Suffix - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eU9GjaduQnc</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_grammar Turkish grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://babel.ucsc.edu/~hank/trg/Turkish_Participles.pdf Turkish Participles]
* [https://jimmasters.tripod.com/turkish-participle-construction.html The Turkish participles -- Learn Turkish - Learn Turkish]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/The-Inclusive-Case-in-Turkish|The Inclusive Case in Turkish]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Vowels-and-Consonants|Vowels and Consonants]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/REİTERATİVE|REİTERATİVE]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/How-to-use-¨can¨-in-Turkish|How to use ¨can¨ in Turkish]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Pronunciation|Pronunciation]]


{{Turkish-Page-Bottom}}
{{Turkish-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Cases|◀️ Cases — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 16:03, 31 July 2024

◀️ Cases — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️

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Turkish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Participles

Welcome to the lesson on participles in Turkish! As you embark on your journey to learn this beautiful language, understanding participles will open up new avenues for you to express yourself more richly and accurately. Participles play a crucial role in Turkish, adding depth to your sentences and allowing you to convey actions in various forms.

In this lesson, we will explore what participles are, how they function in sentences, and how to form them in Turkish. You will find that participles can be used as adjectives or nouns, making them incredibly versatile. By the end of this lesson, you'll not only understand participles but also feel confident using them in your conversations.

Lesson Outline[edit | edit source]

What Are Participles?[edit | edit source]

Participles are derived from verbs and can act as modifiers to nouns or serve as nouns themselves. In Turkish, participles can express actions that are ongoing, completed, or in a state of being.

There are two main types of participles in Turkish:

1. Present Participles: Indicate an ongoing action.

2. Past Participles: Indicate a completed action.

Present Participles[edit | edit source]

Present participles in Turkish are formed by adding the suffix -en or -an to the verb root. This allows you to describe an action that is currently happening.

Past Participles[edit | edit source]

Past participles are created by adding the suffix -miş or -dı (depending on vowel harmony) to the verb root. These participles describe actions that have been completed.

Examples of Participles[edit | edit source]

To illustrate the concept of participles further, here are some examples:

Present Participles Examples[edit | edit source]

Turkish Pronunciation English
yazan jɑˈzɑn writing
koşan koˈʃɑn running
konuşan koˈnuʃɑn speaking
okuyan oˈku.jɑn reading
düşünen dyˈʃy.nen thinking
oynayan oɪˈnɑ.jɑn playing
bekleyen bekˈle.jen waiting
gülümseyen gyˈlɨm.se.jen smiling
gezen ɟeˈzɛn wandering
düşen dyˈʃɛn falling

Past Participles Examples[edit | edit source]

Turkish Pronunciation English
yazmış jɑzˈmɨʃ written
koşmuş koʃˈmuʃ run
konuşmuş koˈnuʃmuʃ spoken
okumuş oˈku.muʃ read
düşünmüş dyˈʃyn.mɨʃ thought
oynamış oɪˈnɑ.mɨʃ played
beklemiş bekˈle.miʃ waited
gülümsemiş gyˈlɨm.se.miʃ smiled
gezmiş ɟeˈzmiʃ wandered
düşmüş dyˈʃmɨʃ fallen

Usage of Participles[edit | edit source]

Now that we've explored the formation of participles, let’s discuss how they can be used in sentences:

1. As Adjectives: Participles can modify nouns.

  • Example: Yazan çocuk (The writing child).

2. As Nouns: Participles can also act as nouns.

  • Example: Koşanlar burada (Those who are running are here).

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

To help you solidify your understanding of participles, here are some exercises.

Exercise 1: Identify the Participles[edit | edit source]

Identify the participle in the following sentences.

1. Yazan adam çok akıllı. (The writing man is very smart.)

2. Koşan kız hızlı. (The running girl is fast.)

3. Okuyan çocuk ders çalışıyor. (The reading child is studying.)

Answers:

1. yazan

2. koşan

3. okuyan

Exercise 2: Complete the Sentence[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the participle.

1. Ben ___ (yaz) bir mektup yazdım. (I wrote a letter that is writing.)

2. Onlar ___ (bekle) tren gelmedi. (They waited for the train that hasn’t come.)

3. Koşan çocuk çok mutlu. (The child who is running is very happy.)

Answers:

1. yazan

2. bekleyen

3. koşan

Exercise 3: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the provided participles.

1. yazan

2. koşan

3. düşen

Example Sentences:

1. Yazılan kitap çok öğretici. (The written book is very educational.)

2. Koşan çocuk çok hızlı. (The running child is very fast.)

3. Düşen yapraklar yere düştü. (The falling leaves fell to the ground.)

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, you learned about participles in Turkish, their types, and their usages. Participles are an essential part of the Turkish language, allowing you to express actions in various forms and add richness to your sentences.

Practice using them in your conversations, and don't hesitate to refer back to this lesson whenever you need a refresher.

Additional Exercises[edit | edit source]

Here are more exercises for you to practice:

Exercise 4: Translate to Turkish[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Turkish, focusing on using the correct participle forms.

1. The child who is reading is my brother.

2. The man who has written the book is here.

3. The girl who is playing is my sister.

Answers:

1. Okuyan çocuk benim kardeşim.

2. Kitabı yazan adam burada.

3. Oynayan kız benim kız kardeşim.

Exercise 5: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill the blanks with the appropriate participles.

1. Yaz___ kitap çok güzel. (The written book is very beautiful.)

2. Koş___ köpek çok hızlı. (The running dog is very fast.)

3. Düş___ meyve yere düştü. (The falling fruit fell on the ground.)

Answers:

1. yazan

2. koşan

3. düşen

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Participles add flavor to your expressions in Turkish, enabling you to describe actions vividly. Keep practicing, and soon you will find them becoming a natural part of your vocabulary.

Now, go ahead and explore more sentences, and don't forget to practice with friends or language partners! Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Turkish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Turkish Alphabet


Basic Grammar


Complex Grammar


Everyday Phrases


Numbers and Time


Turkish Culture


Daily Life

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn Turkish-30 Participle Suffix - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Cases — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️

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