Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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<div style="font-size:300%;">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


[Lesson in progress]
[Lesson in progress]
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On this page, you will find the most important ones.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see:
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
* https://glossary.sil.org/term
* https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary


If you need a clear categorization of linguistics, see:
== Branches of Linguistics ==
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics
{| class="wikitable"
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics linguistics]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_linguistics theoretical linguistics]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology phonology]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics) morphology]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax syntax]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics semantics]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics pragmatics]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_description descriptive linguistics]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropological_linguistics anthropological linguistics]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_linguistics historical linguistics]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics phonetics]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology etymology]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolinguistics sociolinguistics]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_linguistics applied linguistics]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_linguistics computational linguistics]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolinguistics neurolinguistics]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics psycholinguistics]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric rhetoric]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthography orthography]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicology lexicology]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicography lexicography]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics stylistics]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics semiotics]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(linguistics) varity]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect dialect]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiolect ideolect]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_language standard language]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidgin pidgin]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language creole]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(sociolinguistics) register]
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_(phonetics) phone]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant pulmonic consonant]
|non–pulmonic consonant
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonant ejective consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_consonant click consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosive_consonant implosive consonant]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_of_articulation place of articulation]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial_consonant labial consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_consonant bilabial consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labiodental_consonant labiodental consonant]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_consonant coronal consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant linguolabial consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdental_consonant interdental consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant denti-alveolar consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_consonant dental consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apical_consonant apical consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant alveolar consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant postalveolar consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant palato-alveolar consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_consonant retroflex consonant]
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_consonant dorsal consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant postalveolar consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant alveolo-palatal consonant]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_consonant palatal consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_consonant velar consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvular_consonant uvular consonant]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant laryngeal consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant pharyngeal consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_consonant glottal consonant]
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manner_of_articulation manner of articulation]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent obstruent]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop consonant stop consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate_consonant affricate consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative_consonant fricative consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilant sibilant]
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonorant sonorant]*
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_consonant nasal consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximant_consonant approximant consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semivowel semivowel]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrant_consonant vibrant consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_consonant flap/tap consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trill_consonant trill consonant]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_consonant liquid consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant rhotic consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_consonant lateral consonant]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occlusive occlusive]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuant continuant]
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel vowel]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_vowel close vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_vowel near-close vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_vowel close-mid vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_vowel mid vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_vowel open-mid vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_vowel near-open vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_vowel open vowel]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel front vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vowel central vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel back vowel]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundedness unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_vowel nasal vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalization nasalisation]
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme phoneme]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable syllable]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet) letter]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case letter case]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic diacritic]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system writing system]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet alphabet]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad abjad]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugida abugida]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabary syllabary]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-syllabary semi-syllabary]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logogram logogram]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideogram ideogram]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictogram pictogram]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji emoji]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoticon emoticon]
|}
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_change sound change]
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seme_(semantics) seme]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sememe sememe]
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph glyph]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme grapheme]
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme morpheme]


{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound_and_free_morphemes bound morpheme & free morpheme]
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitic clitic]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexeme lexeme]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word word]
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma_(morphology) lemma]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate cognate]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_formation word formation]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword loanword]
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicism anglicism]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphological_derivation derivation]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_(linguistics) compound]
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blend_word blend word]
== Lexicology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau portmanteau]
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym acronym]
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque calque]
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologism neologism]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-formation backward-formation]
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics) root]
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_stem stem]
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix affix]
== Historical Linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix prefix]
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix suffix]
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infix infix]
== Interlinguistics ==
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumfix circumfix]
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfix interfix]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduplication duplifix]
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfix transfix]
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulfix simulfix]
== Orthography ==
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprafix suprafix]
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disfix disfix]
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|}
 
|}
== Sociolinguistics ==
|-
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom idiom]
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb proverb]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parse_tree parse tree]
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|constituency-based parse tree
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|dependency-based parse tree
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_word function word]
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_word content word]
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speech part of speech]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar) conjunction]
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjection interjection]
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_(grammar) contraction]
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particle particle]
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_(linguistics) classifier]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics) numeral]
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_number_(linguistics) cardinal number]
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_number_(linguistics) ordinal number]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplier_(linguistics) multiplier]
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive_number distributive number]
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_number nominal number]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective adjective]
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|attributive adjective
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|predicative adjective
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalized_adjective nominalized adjective]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb adverb]
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner determiner]
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar) article]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|definite article
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|indifinite article
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|zero article
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative demonstrative determiner]
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_determiner possessive determiner]
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier_(linguistics) quantifier]
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition adposition]
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|preposition
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|postposition
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|circumposition
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|-
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun noun]
== Typography ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_noun countable noun]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun uncountable noun]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|collective noun
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|abstract noun
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|concrete noun
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|common noun
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_noun proper noun]
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun pronoun]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_pronoun personal pronoun]
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_pronoun reflexive pronoun]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_pronoun reciprocal pronoun]
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_pronoun relative pronoun]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb verb]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impersonal_verb impersonal verb]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransitive_verb intransitive verb]
*** round brackets
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb]
*** curly brackets
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditransitive_verb ditransitive verb]
*** square brackets
|tritransitive verb
*** angle brackets
|}
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_verb modal verb]
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
{| class="wikitable"
** bold
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb reflexive verb]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb auxiliary verb]
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_verb finite verb]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonfinite_verb nonfinite verb]
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive infinitive]
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participle participle]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund gerund]
 
|}
== Semantics ==
|}
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase phrase]
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial_phrase adverbial phrase]
*** first person
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective_phrase  adjective phrase]
*** second person
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase noun phrase]
*** third person
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrase adpositional phrase]
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase verb phrase]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause clause]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|argument clause
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|adjuctive clause
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|predicative clause
*** masculine
|}
*** feminine
{| class="wikitable"
*** neuter
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent clause dependent clause]
*** animate
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent clause independent clause]
*** inanimate
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) sentence]
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|simple sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|compound sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|complex sentence
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|compound–complex sentence
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|declaritive sentence
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|interrogative sentence
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|exclamatory sentence
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|imperative sentence
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|instructive sentence
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|}
***simple aspect
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|major sentence
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|minor sentence
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|-
****indicative mood
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(linguistics) copula]
****energenic mood
|-
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar grammar]
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar) predicate]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive attributive]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(linguistics) complement]
****potential mood
|}
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typography typography]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuation punctuation]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma comma]
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_stop period]
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclamation_mark exclamation mark]
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|-
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_mark question mark]
== Morphology ==
|-
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_(punctuation) colon]
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicolon semicolon]
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark quotation mark]
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillemet guillemet]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophe apostrophe]
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphen hyphen]
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash dash]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsis ellipsis]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_(punctuation) slash]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket brackets]
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|round brackets
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|curly brackets
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|square brackets
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|angle brackets
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpunct interpunct]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(punctuation) space]
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|}
**positive
|}
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
{| class="wikitable"
**superlative
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface typeface]
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
**affirmation
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_type roman type]
**negation
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-serif sans-serif]
**singular
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serif serif]
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Font font]
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_font computer font]
 
|}
== Syntax ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding character encoding]
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
{| class="wikitable"
** constituency-based parse tree
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII]
** dependency-based parse tree
|-
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode Unicode]
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojibake mojibake]
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphasis_(typography) emphasis]
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italic_type italic]
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|bold
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underline underline]
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|-
*** attributive adjective
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy calligraphy]
*** predicative adjective
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_category grammatical category]
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person person]
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** definite article
|first person
**** indifinite article
|second person
**** zero article
|third person
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(grammar) subject]
*** preposition
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(grammar) object]
*** postposition
|}
*** circumposition
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_(linguistics) argument]
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjunct_(grammar) adjunct]
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(linguistics) complement]
*** collective noun
|}
*** abstract noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** concrete noun
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valency_(linguistics) valency]
*** common noun
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorifics_(linguistics) honorifics]
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender gender]
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|masculine
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|feminine
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|neuter
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** tritransitive verb
|animate
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|inanimate
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case case]
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_case nominative case]
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case accusative case]
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative_case dative case]
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablative_case ablative case]
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case genitive case]
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case vocative case]
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case locative case]
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_case instrumental case]
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_case oblique case]
**argument clause
|}
**adjuctive clause
|}
**predicative clause
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense tense]
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_tense past tense]
**simple sentence
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_tense present tense]
**compound sentence
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_tense future tense]
**complex sentence
|}
**compound–complex sentence
|}
**declaritive sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**interrogative sentence
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect aspect]
**exclamatory sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**imperative sentence
|simple aspect
**instructive sentence
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_and_progressive_aspects progressive aspect & continous aspect]
**major sentence
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_(grammar) perfect aspect]
**minor sentence
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospective_aspect prospective aspect]
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood mood]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realis_mood realis mood]
== Rhetoric ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|indicative mood
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|energenic mood
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrealis_mood irrealis mood]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive_mood subjunctive mood]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_mood conditional mood]
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optative_mood optative mood]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_mood imperative mood]
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrogative interrogative mood]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jussive_mood jussive mood]
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|potential mood
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderative_mood desiderative mood]
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|}
 
|}
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(grammar) voice]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice active voice]
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice passive voice]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection inflection]
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation conjugation]
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declension declension]
 
|}
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_(grammar) comparison]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|positive
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative comparative]
 
|superlative
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|}
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation polarity]
== Lexicostatistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|affirmation
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|negation
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number number]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural plural]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity clusivity]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animacy animacy]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telicity telicity]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment topic & comment]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_verb_construction serial verb construction]
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive attributive]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial adverbial]
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponymy_and_hypernymy hyponym and hypernym]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meronymy meronym]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holonymy holonym]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym synonym]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite_(semantics) antonym]
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech figure of speech]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allusion allusion]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy analogy]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphism anthropomorphism]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clich%C3%A9 cliché]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism euphemism]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony irony]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor metaphor]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification personification]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallelism_(rhetoric) parallelism]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parody parody]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire satire]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simile simile]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synecdoche synecdoche]
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposition apposition]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collocation collocation]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_typology linguistic typology]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_order word order]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_language analystic language]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolating_language isolating language]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_language synthetic language]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusional_language fusional language]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinative_language agglutinative language]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysynthetic_language polysynthetic language]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family language family]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect_continuum dialect continuum]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_isolate language isolate]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-language proto-language]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language constructed language]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy calligraphy]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity linguistic relativity]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis Kurgan hypothesis]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone Rosetta Stone]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list Swadesh list]
|}


<nowiki>*</nowiki> sonorant also includes vowels.
==-- AUTHOR --==
==-- AUTHOR --==
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]


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{{other-lessons}}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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