Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"
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* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]] | * [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]] | ||
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]] | * [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]] | ||
== Orthography == | |||
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]] | |||
== Sociolinguistics == | == Sociolinguistics == | ||
| Line 63: | Line 67: | ||
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]] | * [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]] | ||
== Phonetics | == Phonetics & Phonology == | ||
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]] | * [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]] | ||
| Line 150: | Line 154: | ||
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]] | **** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]] | ||
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]] | **** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]] | |||
*** round brackets | |||
*** curly brackets | |||
*** square brackets | |||
*** angle brackets | |||
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]] | |||
** bold | |||
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]] | |||
== Semantics == | == Semantics == | ||
| Line 157: | Line 196: | ||
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]] | * [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]] | ||
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]] | * [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]] | ||
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]] | |||
*** first person | |||
*** second person | |||
*** third person | |||
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]] | |||
*** masculine | |||
*** feminine | |||
*** neuter | |||
*** animate | |||
*** inanimate | |||
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]] | |||
***simple aspect | |||
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]] | |||
****indicative mood | |||
****energenic mood | |||
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]] | |||
****potential mood | |||
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]] | |||
== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
| Line 186: | Line 285: | ||
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]] | *** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]] | ||
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]] | *** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]] | |||
**positive | |||
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]] | |||
**superlative | |||
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]] | |||
**affirmation | |||
**negation | |||
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]] | |||
**singular | |||
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]] | |||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
* [[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]] | * [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]] | |||
** constituency-based parse tree | ** constituency-based parse tree | ||
** dependency-based parse tree | ** dependency-based parse tree | ||
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**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]] | **** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]] | ||
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]] | **** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]] | |||
**argument clause | |||
**adjuctive clause | |||
**predicative clause | |||
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]] | |||
**simple sentence | |||
**compound sentence | |||
**complex sentence | |||
**compound–complex sentence | |||
**declaritive sentence | |||
**interrogative sentence | |||
**exclamatory sentence | |||
**imperative sentence | |||
**instructive sentence | |||
**major sentence | |||
**minor sentence | |||
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]] | |||
== Rhetoric == | |||
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]] | |||
== Linguistic typology == | |||
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]] | |||
== Historical Linguistics == | == Historical Linguistics == | ||
* [[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]] | *[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]] | |||
== Anthropological linguistics == | |||
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]] | |||
== Lexicostatistics == | == Lexicostatistics == | ||
| Line 611: | Line 450: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{other-lessons}} | |||
Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025
Must-know words for polyglots.
[Lesson in progress]
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary
Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]
- linguistics
- semiotics
Lexicology[edit | edit source]
- varity
- dialect
- ideolect
- standard language
- lexeme
- clitic
- word
- lemma
- transliteration
- transcription
- idiom
- proverb
Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]
Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]
Orthography[edit | edit source]
Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]
Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]
- phone
- place of articulation
- manner of articulation
- occlusive
Typography[edit | edit source]
- letter
- letter case
- diacritic
- glyph
- grapheme
- writing system
- punctuation
- comma
- period
- exclamation mark
- question mark
- colon
- semicolon
- quotation mark
- apostrophe
- hyphen
- dash
- ellipsis
- slash
- brackets
- round brackets
- curly brackets
- square brackets
- angle brackets
- interpunct
- space
- emphasis
- typeface
- character encoding
Semantics[edit | edit source]
- seme
- sememe
- function word
- content word
- grammatical category
- person
- first person
- second person
- third person
- subject
- object
- argument
- adjunct
- complement
- valency
- honorifics
- gender
- masculine
- feminine
- neuter
- animate
- inanimate
- case
- tense
- aspect
- mood
- realis mood
- indicative mood
- energenic mood
- irrealis mood
- realis mood
- voice
- person
- attributive
- adverbial
- hyponym & hypernym
- meronym
- holonym
- synonym
- antonym
Morphology[edit | edit source]
- morpheme
- word formation
- root
- inflection
- comparison
- positive
- comparative
- superlative
- polarity
- affirmation
- negation
- number
- singular
- plural
- clusivity
- animacy
- telicity
- topic & comment
- serial verb construction
Syntax[edit | edit source]
- grammar
- parse tree
- constituency-based parse tree
- dependency-based parse tree
- part of speech
- conjunction
- interjection
- contraction
- particle
- classifier
- numeral
- adjective
- attributive adjective
- predicative adjective
- nominalized adjective
- adverb
- determiner
- article
- definite article
- indifinite article
- zero article
- demonstrative determiner
- possessive determiner
- quantifier
- article
- adposition
- preposition
- postposition
- circumposition
- noun
- countable noun
- uncountable noun
- collective noun
- abstract noun
- concrete noun
- common noun
- proper noun
- pronoun
- verb
- phrase
- clause
- argument clause
- adjuctive clause
- predicative clause
- clause dependent clause
- clause independent clause
- sentence
- simple sentence
- compound sentence
- complex sentence
- compound–complex sentence
- declaritive sentence
- interrogative sentence
- exclamatory sentence
- imperative sentence
- instructive sentence
- major sentence
- minor sentence
- copula
- predicate
- attributive
- complement
- collocation
Rhetoric[edit | edit source]
Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]
Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]
- language family
- dialect continuum
- language isolate
- proto-language
- constructed language
- Kurgan hypothesis
Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]
Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]
-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit source]
- Introduction to Common Han Characters
- Ranking of countries by cost of living in the world
- Introduction to Writing Systems
- Traditional Architectures
- Traditional Symbols and Motifs
- Naming in different cultures
- Text Processing Tools
- Productivity tools for polyglots
- Similar Sayings
- Websites of DIY Procedures
- Comparison of Advanced FLOSS Tools for Learning
- Best Singers
- Most Famous Folk Songs