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<div style="font-size:300%;">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


Remember: you don't have to memorise them all in a single time.
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
== Branches of Linguistics ==


To know a relatively clear categorization of linguistics, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|discriptive linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
== Lexicology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociallinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|[[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
== Historical Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|}
 
|}
== Interlinguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
 
|-
== Orthography ==
|[[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|[[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
 
|-
== Sociolinguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|non–pulmonic consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|[[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial–velar_consonant|labial–velar consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial–coronal_consonant|labial–coronal consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|}
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Bidental_consonant|bidental consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti–alveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|[[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|[[wikipedia:Coronal–velar_consonant|coronal–velar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
== Typography ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato–alveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|[[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|[[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolar–palatal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|[[wikipedia:Labio-palatalization|labial–palatal consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|[[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Uvular–epiglottal_consonant|uvular–epiglottal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|[[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal cconsonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|[[wikipedia:Peripheral_consonant|peripheral consonant]]
*** round brackets
|}
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
*** angle brackets
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Stop_consonant|stop consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]*
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|approximant consonant]]
== Semantics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|[[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|[[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|-
*** first person
|[[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
*** second person
|}
*** third person
|-
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|[[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|}
*** masculine
{| class="wikitable"
*** feminine
|-
*** neuter
|[[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
*** animate
|-
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
***simple aspect
|}
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
****indicative mood
|-
****energenic mood
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
****potential mood
|-
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
 
|}
== Morphology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|constituency-based parse tree
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|dependency-based parse tree
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|-
**positive
|
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
{| class="wikitable"
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|}
**singular
|-
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
== Syntax ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** constituency-based parse tree
|-
** dependency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|[[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|-
*** attributive adjective
|[[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
*** predicative adjective
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|attributive adjective
**** definite article
|-
**** indifinite article
|predicative adjective
**** zero article
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
*** preposition
{| class="wikitable"
*** postposition
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
*** circumposition
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|definite article
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|indifinite article
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|zero article
*** concrete noun
|}
*** common noun
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|preposition
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|postposition
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|circumposition
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|collective noun
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|abstract noun
**argument clause
|-
**adjuctive clause
|concrete noun
**predicative clause
|}
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|common noun
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|-
**simple sentence
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
**compound sentence
|}
**complex sentence
|-
**compound–complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
**declaritive sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**interrogative sentence
|-
**exclamatory sentence
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
**imperative sentence
|}
**instructive sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**major sentence
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|}
 
|-
== Rhetoric ==
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|[[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|[[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|tritransitive verb
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
 
|}
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
== Lexicostatistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
 
|-
{{#seo:
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|}
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|-
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
}}
{| class="wikitable"
 
|argument clause
{{other-lessons}}
|-
|adjuctive clause
|-
|predicative clause
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
{| class="wikitable"
|simple sentence
|-
|compound sentence
|-
|complex sentence
|-
|compound–complex sentence
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|declaritive sentence
|-
|interrogative sentence
|-
|exclamatory sentence
|-
|imperative sentence
|-
|instructive sentence
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|major sentence
|-
|minor sentence
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemets]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
{| class="wikitable"
|round brackets
|-
|curly brackets
|-
|square brackets
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
{| class="wikitable"
|first person
|-
|second person
|-
|third person
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|masculine
|-
|feminine
|-
|neuter
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|animate
|-
|inanimate
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmation
|-
|negation
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>sonorant also includes the vowel.

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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