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<div style="font-size:300%;">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


Remember: you don't have to memorise them all in a single time.
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
== Branches of Linguistics ==


To know a relatively clear categorization of linguistics, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
!English
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
!
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
!
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
!
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
 
|}
== Lexicology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|discriptive linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|[[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociallinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
== Historical Linguistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
== Interlinguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Orthography ==
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|[[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
 
|-
== Sociolinguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|[[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|[[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|non–pulmonic consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial–velar_consonant|labial–velar consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Labial–coronal_consonant|labial–coronal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Bidental_consonant|bidental consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|[[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|[[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti–alveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|[[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|[[wikipedia:Coronal–velar_consonant|coronal–velar consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato–alveolar consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|[[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolar–palatal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Labio-palatalization|labial–palatal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Uvular–epiglottal_consonant|uvular–epiglottal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|}
*** round brackets
|}
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
*** angle brackets
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal cconsonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|}
** bold
|-
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|[[wikipedia:Peripheral_consonant|peripheral consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Stop_consonant|stop consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
== Semantics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|[[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]*
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
*** first person
|-
*** second person
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|approximant consonant]]
*** third person
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|[[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
*** masculine
|}
*** feminine
|-
*** neuter
|[[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
*** animate
{| class="wikitable"
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|[[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|-
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****indicative mood
|-
****energenic mood
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|
****potential mood
|
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|
 
|-
== Morphology ==
|
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|[[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|-
**positive
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
**superlative
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|-
**affirmation
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
**negation
|-
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
**singular
|-
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|}
 
|
== Syntax ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** constituency-based parse tree
{| class="wikitable"
** dependency-based parse tree
|constituency-based parse tree
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|dependency-based parse tree
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
*** attributive adjective
|}
*** predicative adjective
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
**** definite article
{| class="wikitable"
**** indifinite article
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
**** zero article
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|-
*** preposition
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
*** postposition
|-
*** circumposition
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|-
*** collective noun
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
*** abstract noun
|-
*** concrete noun
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
*** common noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|attributive adjective
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|predicative adjective
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|definite article
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|indifinite article
**argument clause
|-
**adjuctive clause
|zero article
**predicative clause
|}
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|-
**simple sentence
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
**compound sentence
|-
**complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
**compound–complex sentence
|}
**declaritive sentence
|-
**interrogative sentence
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
**exclamatory sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**imperative sentence
|preposition
**instructive sentence
|-
**major sentence
|postposition
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|circumposition
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
== Rhetoric ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|collective noun
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|abstract noun
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|concrete noun
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|common noun
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
 
|}
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|[[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
 
|-
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|[[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
 
|-
== Lexicostatistics ==
|tritransitive verb
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
==-- AUTHOR --==
|}
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
{{#seo:
|}
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
{| class="wikitable"
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|}
}}
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
{{other-lessons}}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|}
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
|argument clause
|-
|adjuctive clause
|-
|predicative clause
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
{| class="wikitable"
|simple sentence
|-
|compound sentence
|-
|complex sentence
|-
|compound–complex sentence
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|declaritive sentence
|-
|interrogative sentence
|-
|exclamatory sentence
|-
|imperative sentence
|-
|instructive sentence
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|major sentence
|-
|minor sentence
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemets]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
{| class="wikitable"
|round brackets
|-
|curly brackets
|-
|square brackets
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
{| class="wikitable"
|first person
|-
|second person
|-
|third person
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|masculine
|-
|feminine
|-
|neuter
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|animate
|-
|inanimate
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmation
|-
|negation
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|
|
|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>sonorant also includes the vowel.

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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