Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|discriptive linguistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|[[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|[[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
 
|-
== Lexicology ==
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociallinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|[[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|[[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
 
|}
== Historical Linguistics ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
 
|-
== Interlinguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|[[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
== Orthography ==
|}
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|
 
|
== Sociolinguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
 
|
== Typography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|-
*** round brackets
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
*** curly brackets
|
*** square brackets
|
*** angle brackets
|
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
== Semantics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|
*** first person
|
*** second person
|
*** third person
|-
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|
*** masculine
|
*** feminine
|-
*** neuter
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
*** animate
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
*** inanimate
|
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|-
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|-
****indicative mood
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
****energenic mood
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|attributive adjective
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|predicative adjective
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
****potential mood
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|definite article
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|indifinite article
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|zero article
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
 
|-
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|preposition
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|postposition
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|circumposition
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|collective noun
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|abstract noun
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|concrete noun
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|common noun
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
**positive
|}
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
**superlative
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|}
**singular
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
 
|}
== Syntax ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|[[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
** constituency-based parse tree
|-
** dependency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|[[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|tritransitive verb
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|}
*** attributive adjective
{| class="wikitable"
*** predicative adjective
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|-
**** definite article
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
**** indifinite article
{| class="wikitable"
**** zero article
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
*** preposition
|}
*** postposition
|}
*** circumposition
|}
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
*** concrete noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** common noun
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|
*** tritransitive verb
|
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|argument clause
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|adjuctive clause
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|predicative clause
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|
**argument clause
|
**adjuctive clause
|
**predicative clause
|-
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|simple sentence
**simple sentence
|-
**compound sentence
|compound sentence
**complex sentence
|-
**compound–complex sentence
|complex sentence
**declaritive sentence
|-
**interrogative sentence
|compound-complex sentence
**exclamatory sentence
|}
**imperative sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**instructive sentence
|declaritive sentence
**major sentence
|-
**minor sentence
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|exclamatory sentence
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|imperative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|instructive sentence
== Rhetoric ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|major sentence
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|minor sentence
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|grammatical category
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|first person
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|second person
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|third person
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
 
|masculine
== Lexicostatistics ==
|-
 
|feminine
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|-
 
|neuter
==-- AUTHOR --==
|}
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|animate
{{#seo:
|-
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|inanimate
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|}
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|}
}}
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
{{other-lessons}}
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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