Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|[wikipedia:Phonetics][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|phonetics]]
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[wikipedia:Phonology][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[wikipedia:Syntax][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|syntax]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[wikipedia:Semantics][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|[[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|[[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociallinguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|-
 
|[wikipedia:Pragmatics][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|pragmatics]]
== Lexicology ==
|-
 
|[wikipedia:Semiotics][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|semiotics]]
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|[wikipedia:Stylistics][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|stylistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[wikipedia:Rhetoric][[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|rhetoric]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|
 
|-
== Sociolinguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|
== Typography ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|-
*** round brackets
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
*** angle brackets
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|
 
|-
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|
*** first person
|
*** second person
|
*** third person
|-
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|-
*** masculine
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
*** feminine
|-
*** neuter
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
*** animate
|-
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|attributive adjective
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|predicative adjective
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
***simple aspect
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|definite article
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|indifinite article
****indicative mood
|-
****energenic mood
|zero article
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
****potential mood
|}
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|preposition
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|postposition
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|circumposition
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|collective noun
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|abstract noun
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|concrete noun
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|common noun
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|-
**positive
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
{| class="wikitable"
**superlative
|[[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|-
**affirmation
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
**negation
|-
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
**singular
|-
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|[[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|tritransitive verb
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
 
|}
== Syntax ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
{| class="wikitable"
** constituency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
** dependency-based parse tree
|}
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|}
*** attributive adjective
|
*** predicative adjective
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** definite article
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
*** preposition
|-
*** postposition
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
*** circumposition
|}
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
*** concrete noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** common noun
|argument clause
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|adjuctive clause
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|predicative clause
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|
*** tritransitive verb
|
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|simple sentence
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|compound sentence
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|complex sentence
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|compound-complex sentence
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|declaritive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|-
**argument clause
|interrogative sentence
**adjuctive clause
|-
**predicative clause
|exclamatory sentence
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|imperative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|-
**simple sentence
|instructive sentence
**compound sentence
|}
**complex sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound–complex sentence
|major sentence
**declaritive sentence
|-
**interrogative sentence
|minor sentence
**exclamatory sentence
|}
**imperative sentence
|
**instructive sentence
|
**major sentence
|
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|grammatical category
== Rhetoric ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|first person
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|second person
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|third person
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
== Linguistic typology ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|masculine
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|feminine
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|neuter
 
|}
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|animate
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|inanimate
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
== Lexicostatistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
 
|-
{{#seo:
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|-
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|-
}}
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
 
|-
{{other-lessons}}
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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