Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|-
== Lexicology ==
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|
 
|
== Orthography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|
 
|
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
 
|
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
== Typography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|
*** round brackets
|
*** curly brackets
|
*** square brackets
|-
*** angle brackets
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|-
*** first person
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
*** second person
|-
*** third person
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|attributive adjective
*** masculine
|-
*** feminine
|predicative adjective
*** neuter
|-
*** animate
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
*** inanimate
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|definite article
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|indifinite article
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|zero article
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
***simple aspect
|-
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****indicative mood
|preposition
****energenic mood
|-
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|postposition
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|circumposition
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****potential mood
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|collective noun
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|abstract noun
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|concrete noun
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Morphology ==
|common noun
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|}
**positive
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
**superlative
|}
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
**affirmation
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
**negation
|-
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
**singular
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|}
 
|}
== Syntax ==
|}
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|
** constituency-based parse tree
|-
** dependency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|
*** attributive adjective
|
*** predicative adjective
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|argument clause
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|-
**** definite article
|adjuctive clause
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|predicative clause
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|-
*** preposition
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*** postposition
|}
*** circumposition
|
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|-
*** collective noun
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
*** abstract noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** concrete noun
|simple sentence
*** common noun
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|compound sentence
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|complex sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|compound-complex sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|declaritive sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|interrogative sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|exclamatory sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|imperative sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|instructive sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|major sentence
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|minor sentence
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
**argument clause
|
**adjuctive clause
|
**predicative clause
|
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|grammatical category
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
{| class="wikitable"
**simple sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
**compound sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**complex sentence
|first person
**compound–complex sentence
|-
**declaritive sentence
|second person
**interrogative sentence
|-
**exclamatory sentence
|third person
**imperative sentence
|}
**instructive sentence
|}
**major sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
== Rhetoric ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|masculine
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|feminine
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|neuter
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|animate
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|inanimate
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|}
 
|}
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|}
 
|}
== Lexicostatistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
 
|-
{{#seo:
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|-
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|}
}}
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
{{other-lessons}}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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