Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|-
== Lexicology ==
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|
 
|
== Orthography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|
 
|
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
 
|
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
*** round brackets
|
*** curly brackets
|
*** square brackets
|
*** angle brackets
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
== Semantics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|attributive adjective
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|predicative adjective
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
*** first person
|}
*** second person
|-
*** third person
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|indifinite article
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|zero article
*** masculine
|}
*** feminine
|-
*** neuter
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
*** animate
|-
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|preposition
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|postposition
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|circumposition
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|collective noun
****indicative mood
|}
****energenic mood
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|abstract noun
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|concrete noun
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|common noun
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
****potential mood
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
 
|}
== Morphology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|}
**positive
|}
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|
**superlative
|
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
**singular
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
 
|-
== Syntax ==
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|
** constituency-based parse tree
|
** dependency-based parse tree
|-
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|argument clause
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|adjuctive clause
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|predicative clause
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|}
*** attributive adjective
|
*** predicative adjective
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** definite article
|simple sentence
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|compound sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|complex sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|compound-complex sentence
*** preposition
|}
*** postposition
{| class="wikitable"
*** circumposition
|declaritive sentence
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|interrogative sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|-
*** collective noun
|exclamatory sentence
*** abstract noun
|-
*** concrete noun
|imperative sentence
*** common noun
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|instructive sentence
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|major sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|minor sentence
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|grammatical category
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|first person
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|second person
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|third person
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|}
**argument clause
{| class="wikitable"
**adjuctive clause
|-
**predicative clause
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|}
**simple sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound sentence
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
**complex sentence
|}
**compound–complex sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**declaritive sentence
|-
**interrogative sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
**exclamatory sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**imperative sentence
|-
**instructive sentence
|masculine
**major sentence
|-
**minor sentence
|feminine
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|neuter
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|animate
 
|-
== Rhetoric ==
|inanimate
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
== Linguistic typology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
 
|}
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
== Lexicostatistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|simple aspect
 
|-
==-- AUTHOR --==
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
{{#seo:
|}
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|}
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
{| class="wikitable"
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|-
}}
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
{{other-lessons}}
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|-
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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