Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
!English
== Branches of Linguistics ==
!
 
!
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
!
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|-
== Lexicology ==
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|
 
|
== Orthography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|
 
|
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
 
|
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|attributive adjective
*** round brackets
|-
*** curly brackets
|predicative adjective
*** square brackets
|-
*** angle brackets
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
{| class="wikitable"
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|indifinite article
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|zero article
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
 
|-
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|preposition
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|postposition
*** first person
|-
*** second person
|circumposition
*** third person
|}
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** masculine
|collective noun
*** feminine
|}
*** neuter
{| class="wikitable"
*** animate
|abstract noun
*** inanimate
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|concrete noun
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|common noun
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
***simple aspect
|-
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|}
****indicative mood
|-
****energenic mood
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****potential mood
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|}
 
|
== Morphology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|argument clause
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|adjuctive clause
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|predicative clause
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|}
**positive
|
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|
**superlative
|
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|-
**affirmation
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
**negation
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|simple sentence
**singular
|-
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|compound sentence
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|compound-complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Syntax ==
|declaritive sentence
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|-
** constituency-based parse tree
|exclamatory sentence
** dependency-based parse tree
|-
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|imperative sentence
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|instructive sentence
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|major sentence
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|minor sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|-
*** attributive adjective
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*** predicative adjective
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|grammatical category
**** definite article
{| class="wikitable"
**** indifinite article
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
**** zero article
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|-
*** preposition
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*** postposition
|}
*** circumposition
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
*** concrete noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** common noun
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|masculine
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|feminine
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|neuter
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|animate
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|inanimate
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|}
*** tritransitive verb
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
**argument clause
|-
**adjuctive clause
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
**predicative clause
|-
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
**simple sentence
|}
**compound sentence
|}
**complex sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**compound–complex sentence
|-
**declaritive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
**interrogative sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**exclamatory sentence
|-
**imperative sentence
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
**instructive sentence
|-
**major sentence
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
**minor sentence
|-
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
== Rhetoric ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|simple aspect
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|indicative mood
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|-
 
|energenic mood
== Linguistic typology ==
|}
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
 
|-
== Historical Linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|potential mood
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|}
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Lexicostatistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
==-- AUTHOR --==
|-
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
 
|}
{{#seo:
|-
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
{| class="wikitable"
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
}}
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
{{other-lessons}}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|-
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Direct_speech|direct speech]]
[[wikipedia:Indirect_speech|indirect speech]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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