Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|singular
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|article
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|pronoun
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|adposition
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|conjunction
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|auxillary verb
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|interjection
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|particle
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|expletive
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|pro-sentence
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|-
*** round brackets
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
*** angle brackets
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|attributive adjective
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|predicative adjective
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|}
 
|-
== Semantics ==
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|definite article
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|indifinite article
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|-
*** first person
|zero article
*** second person
|}
*** third person
|-
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
*** masculine
{| class="wikitable"
*** feminine
|preposition
*** neuter
|-
*** animate
|postposition
*** inanimate
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|circumposition
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|common noun
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|-
***simple aspect
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****indicative mood
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
****energenic mood
|-
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
****potential mood
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|argument clause
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|adjuctive clause
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|-
**positive
|predicative clause
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|}
**superlative
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|}
**singular
|
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|simple sentence
 
|-
== Syntax ==
|compound sentence
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|-
** constituency-based parse tree
|compound-complex sentence
** dependency-based parse tree
|}
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|declaritive sentence
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|interrogative sentence
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|exclamatory sentence
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|imperative sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|instructive sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|major sentence
*** attributive adjective
|-
*** predicative adjective
|minor sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|
**** definite article
|-
**** indifinite article
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
**** zero article
|
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
*** preposition
{| class="wikitable"
*** postposition
|-
*** circumposition
|masculine
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|feminine
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|-
*** collective noun
|neuter
*** abstract noun
|}
*** concrete noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** common noun
|animate
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|inanimate
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|
**argument clause
|
**adjuctive clause
|-
**predicative clause
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
**simple sentence
|-
**compound sentence
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
**complex sentence
|-
**compound–complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
**declaritive sentence
|}
**interrogative sentence
|
**exclamatory sentence
|
**imperative sentence
|
**instructive sentence
|-
**major sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
**minor sentence
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|simple aspect
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
== Rhetoric ==
|}
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|
 
|
== Linguistic typology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|
 
|
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
 
|
== Lexicostatistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
==-- AUTHOR --==
|
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|
 
|
{{#seo:
|-
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|
}}
|
 
|-
{{other-lessons}}
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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