Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|singular
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|
 
|
== Typography ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|article
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|pronoun
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|adposition
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|conjunction
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|auxillary verb
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|interjection
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|particle
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|expletive
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|pro-sentence
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|-
*** round brackets
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
*** curly brackets
|-
*** square brackets
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
*** angle brackets
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|definite article
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|indifinite article
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|-
 
|zero article
== Semantics ==
|}
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|}
*** first person
|-
*** second person
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
*** third person
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|preposition
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
|postposition
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|circumposition
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
*** masculine
{| class="wikitable"
*** feminine
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
*** neuter
|-
*** animate
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
*** inanimate
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|common noun
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
***simple aspect
|}
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
****indicative mood
{| class="wikitable"
****energenic mood
|-
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|}
****potential mood
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Morphology ==
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|argument clause
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|adjuctive clause
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|predicative clause
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
**positive
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|simple sentence
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|compound sentence
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|-
**singular
|compound-complex sentence
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|declaritive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|interrogative sentence
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|-
 
|exclamatory sentence
== Syntax ==
|-
 
|imperative sentence
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|instructive sentence
** constituency-based parse tree
|}
** dependency-based parse tree
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|major sentence
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|minor sentence
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|-
*** attributive adjective
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
*** predicative adjective
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|masculine
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|feminine
**** definite article
|-
**** indifinite article
|neuter
**** zero article
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|animate
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|inanimate
*** preposition
|}
*** postposition
|
*** circumposition
|
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** collective noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** abstract noun
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|
**argument clause
|
**adjuctive clause
|
**predicative clause
|-
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|-
**simple sentence
|simple aspect
**compound sentence
|-
**complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
**compound–complex sentence
|-
**declaritive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
**interrogative sentence
|}
**exclamatory sentence
|
**imperative sentence
|
**instructive sentence
|
**major sentence
|-
**minor sentence
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
== Rhetoric ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
== Linguistic typology ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|
 
|-
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
 
|
== Lexicostatistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|
 
|
==-- AUTHOR --==
|
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
{{#seo:
|
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|-
}}
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
 
|
{{other-lessons}}
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmative
|-
|negative
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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