Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(147 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|singular
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|article
 
|-
== Typography ==
|pronoun
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|adposition
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|conjunction
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|auxillary verb
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|interjection
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|particle
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|expletive
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|pro-sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
*** round brackets
|-
*** curly brackets
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
*** square brackets
{| class="wikitable"
*** angle brackets
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|definite article
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|indifinite article
** bold
|-
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|zero article
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
== Semantics ==
|preposition
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|postposition
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|circumposition
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
*** first person
{| class="wikitable"
*** second person
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
*** third person
|-
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|-
*** masculine
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
*** feminine
{| class="wikitable"
*** neuter
|-
*** animate
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
*** inanimate
|}
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
***simple aspect
|-
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|}
****indicative mood
{| class="wikitable"
****energenic mood
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|}
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|
****potential mood
|
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
== Morphology ==
|}
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|argument clause
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|adjuctive clause
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|predicative clause
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|simple sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|compound sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|complex sentence
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|compound-complex sentence
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|}
**positive
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|declaritive sentence
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|interrogative sentence
**affirmation
|-
**negation
|exclamatory sentence
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|-
**singular
|imperative sentence
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|instructive sentence
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|major sentence
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|-
 
|minor sentence
== Syntax ==
|}
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|
** constituency-based parse tree
|-
** dependency-based parse tree
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|masculine
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|feminine
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|neuter
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|}
*** attributive adjective
|
*** predicative adjective
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
{| class="wikitable"
**** definite article
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
**** indifinite article
|-
**** zero article
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
*** preposition
|}
*** postposition
|
*** circumposition
|
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
*** collective noun
{| class="wikitable"
*** abstract noun
|-
*** concrete noun
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
*** common noun
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
*** tritransitive verb
|simple aspect
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|-
**argument clause
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
**adjuctive clause
|-
**predicative clause
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|
**simple sentence
|
**compound sentence
|-
**complex sentence
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
**compound–complex sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**declaritive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
**interrogative sentence
|-
**exclamatory sentence
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
**imperative sentence
|}
**instructive sentence
|
**major sentence
|
**minor sentence
|
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
== Rhetoric ==
|}
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|
 
|
== Linguistic typology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
 
|
== Anthropological linguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
== Lexicostatistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
|affirmative
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
|-
 
|negative
==-- AUTHOR --==
|}
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
|
 
|
{{#seo:
|
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|-
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
|
}}
|
 
|
{{other-lessons}}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
|}
|}
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots&oldid=333819"