Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(149 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|singular
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|article
 
|-
== Typography ==
|pronoun
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|adposition
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|conjunction
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|auxillary verb
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|interjection
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|particle
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|expletive
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|pro-sentence
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
*** round brackets
|-
*** curly brackets
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
*** square brackets
{| class="wikitable"
*** angle brackets
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|definite article, indifinite article, zero article
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
|-
** bold
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|preposition
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|postposition
 
|-
== Semantics ==
|circumposition
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
*** first person
|}
*** second person
{| class="wikitable"
*** third person
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
*** masculine
|}
*** feminine
{| class="wikitable"
*** neuter
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
*** animate
|-
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]], [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|}
***simple aspect
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|}
****indicative mood
|}
****energenic mood
|
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]], [[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]], [[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]], [[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]], [[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|}
****potential mood
|
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|argument clause, adjuctive clause, predicative clause
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]], [[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|
 
|
== Morphology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|masculine, feminine, neuter
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|
**positive
|
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
**affirmation
{| class="wikitable"
**negation
|-
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]][[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|,]] [[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]], [[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
**singular
|}
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
== Syntax ==
|simple aspect, [[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]], [[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
 
|}
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|
** constituency-based parse tree
|
** dependency-based parse tree
|-
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|
*** attributive adjective
|-
*** predicative adjective
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]], [[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|
**** definite article
|
**** indifinite article
|
**** zero article
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]], [[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|}
*** preposition
|
*** postposition
|
*** circumposition
|
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|
*** collective noun
|
*** abstract noun
|
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]], [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|
*** tritransitive verb
|
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|affirmative, negative
**argument clause
|}
**adjuctive clause
|
**predicative clause
|
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
**simple sentence
|
**compound sentence
|
**complex sentence
|
**compound–complex sentence
|-
**declaritive sentence
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
**interrogative sentence
{| class="wikitable"
**exclamatory sentence
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]], superlative
**imperative sentence
|}
**instructive sentence
|
**major sentence
|
**minor sentence
|
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
{| class="wikitable"
 
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
== Rhetoric ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|}
 
|}
== Linguistic typology ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
|
 
|}
== Anthropological linguistics ==
 
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
 
== Lexicostatistics ==
 
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
 
==-- AUTHOR --==
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
 
{{#seo:
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
}}
 
{{other-lessons}}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots&oldid=333819"