Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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Must-know words for polyglots.
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress. Far from being completed.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
{| class="wikitable"
On this page, you will find the most important ones.
!English
 
!
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see [https://glossary.sil.org/term SIL] and [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary|Wiktionary]]
!
 
!
== Branches of Linguistics ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
* [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Semantics|semantics]]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
*** [[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|descriptive linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
*** [[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
*** [[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
* [[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|
 
|
== Lexicology ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|varity]]
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
* [[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Idiolect|ideolect]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
* [[wikipedia:Word|word]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transliteration|transliteration]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Transcription|transcription]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
* [[wikipedia:Proverb|proverb]]
|
 
|
== Historical Linguistics ==
|
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
 
|
== Interlinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
 
|
== Orthography ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Eye_dialect|eye dialect]]
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
== Sociolinguistics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|
 
|-
== Phonetics & Phonology ==
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
** [[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
*** [[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
*** [[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Apical_consonant|apical consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato-alveolar consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
**** [[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolo-palatal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
*** [[wikipedia:Velar_consonant|velar consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
* [[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Stop|consonant stop consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]], [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
*** [[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Approximant_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
**** [[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
|singular, [[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
**** [[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|}
**** [[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Close_vowel|close vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Near-close_vowel|near-close vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
** [[wikipedia:Close-mid_vowel|close-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Mid_vowel|mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Open-mid_vowel|open-mid vowel]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Near-open_vowel|near-open vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Open_vowel|open vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Front_vowel|front vowel]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Central_vowel|central vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
** [[wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Roundedness|unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
** [[wikipedia:Nasal_vowel|nasal vowel]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Nasalization|nasalisation]]
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
* [[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
* [[wikipedia:Sound_change|sound change]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
 
|-
== Typography ==
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
 
|-
* [[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
* [[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
* [[wikipedia:Glyph|glyph]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Grapheme|grapheme]]
|definite article, indifinite article, zero article
* [[wikipedia:Writing_system|writing system]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Abjad|abjad]]
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Abugida|abugida]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Syllabary|syllabary]]
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
** [[wikipedia:Semi-syllabary|semi-syllabary]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Logogram|logogram]]
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
** [[wikipedia:Ideogram|ideogram]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Pictogram|pictogram]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]]
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|preposition, postposition, circumposition
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun,]] [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** round brackets
|-
*** curly brackets
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
*** square brackets
|}
*** angle brackets
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]], [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|}
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]]
{| class="wikitable"
** bold
|-
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]]
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]], [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]]
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]]
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]]
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxillary verb]]
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]]
|}
 
|}
== Semantics ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Seme_(semantics)|seme]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]]
|-
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]], [[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]], [[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]], [[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]], [[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|}
*** first person
|
*** second person
|
*** third person
|
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]]
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]], [[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|[[wikipedia:Relative_clause|relative clause]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
|}
*** masculine
|
*** feminine
|
*** neuter
|
*** animate
|-
*** inanimate
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|masculine, feminine, neuter
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
|
***simple aspect
|
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|-
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]], [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]], [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]], [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
****indicative mood
|}
****energenic mood
|
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]][[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|,]] [[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]], [[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
****potential mood
|}
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]]
|simple aspect, [[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]], [[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]]
|}
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]]
|
 
|
== Morphology ==
|-
 
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Bound_and_free_morphemes|bound morpheme & free morpheme]]
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|indicative mood]], [[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]], [[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]], [[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
* [[wikipedia:Word_formation|word formation]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Loanword|loanword]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|derivation]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Compound_(linguistics)|compound]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Blend_word|blend word]]
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
*** [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Acronym|acronym]]
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]], [[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
** [[wikipedia:Calque|calque]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Neologism|neologism]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Back-formation|backward-formation]]
|
* [[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Word_stem|stem]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
*** [[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
{| class="wikitable"
*** [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]], [[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
*** [[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]], [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
|
**positive
|
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|
**superlative
|-
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
**affirmation
|
**negation
|
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
|
**singular
|-
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
 
|
== Syntax ==
|
 
|
* [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|-
*[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
** constituency-based parse tree
|
** dependency-based parse tree
|
* [[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
** [[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|affirmative, negative
** [[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|}
** [[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|[[wikipedia:Yes–no_question|yes-no question]]
*** [[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|
** [[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|
*** attributive adjective
|
*** predicative adjective
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominalized adjective]]
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
** [[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]], superlative
*** [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|}
**** definite article
|
**** indifinite article
|
**** zero article
|
*** [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
*** [[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
{| class="wikitable"
** [[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
*** preposition
{| class="wikitable"
*** postposition
|[[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
*** circumposition
|-
** [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
*** [[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|[[wikipedia:Hyperbole|hyperbole]]
*** collective noun
|-
*** abstract noun
|[[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
*** concrete noun
|-
*** common noun
|[[wikipedia:Antithesis|antithesis]]
*** [[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|-
** [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Rhetorical_question|rhetorical question]]
*** [[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Metonymy|metonymy]]
*** [[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
** [[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Double_entendre|double entendre]]
*** [[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|}
*** [[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|
*** tritransitive verb
|
*** [[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|-
*** [[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|[[wikipedia:Ambiguity|ambiguity]]
*** [[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|
*** [[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|
**** [[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|-
**** [[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
*[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|
**[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|-
**[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adpositional phrase]]
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
**[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|
*[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|
**argument clause
|
**adjuctive clause
|}
**predicative clause
**[[wikipedia:Dependent|clause dependent clause]]
**[[wikipedia:Independent|clause independent clause]]
*[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
**simple sentence
**compound sentence
**complex sentence
**compound–complex sentence
**declaritive sentence
**interrogative sentence
**exclamatory sentence
**imperative sentence
**instructive sentence
**major sentence
**minor sentence
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
*[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
*[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]]
 
== Rhetoric ==
 
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]]
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]]
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]]
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]]
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]]
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]]
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]]
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]]
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]]
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]]
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]]
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]]
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]]
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]]
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
 
== Linguistic typology ==
 
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
 
== Historical Linguistics ==
 
*[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]]
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]]
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]]
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]]
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]]
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]]
 
== Anthropological linguistics ==
 
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
 
== Lexicostatistics ==
 
* [[wikipedia:Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
 
==-- AUTHOR --==
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
 
{{#seo:
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
}}
 
{{other-lessons}}

Latest revision as of 21:42, 5 February 2025

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary

Branches of Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Interlinguistics[edit | edit source]

Orthography[edit | edit source]

Sociolinguistics[edit | edit source]

Phonetics & Phonology[edit | edit source]

Typography[edit | edit source]

Semantics[edit | edit source]

Morphology[edit | edit source]

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Rhetoric[edit | edit source]

Linguistic typology[edit | edit source]

Historical Linguistics[edit | edit source]

Anthropological linguistics[edit | edit source]

Lexicostatistics[edit | edit source]

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit source]

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