Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Traditional-Architectures:-Northern-Africa"

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|-
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* ''šāḏarwān'' شَاذَرْوَان‎ [ara]
* ''šāḏarwān'' شَاذَرْوَان‎ [arb]
* ''šâdorvân'' شادروان [pes]
* ''šâdorvân'' شادروان [pes]
* ''şadırvan'' شادروان [ota]
* ''şadırvan'' شادروان [ota]
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|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C5%9Ead%C4%B1rvans
|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C5%9Ead%C4%B1rvans
|-
|
* ''mašrabiyya'' مَشْرَبِيَّة‎ [arb]
|balcony
|Baghdad
|12<sup>th</sup> century
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Moucharabier_-_panoramio.jpg/640px-Moucharabier_-_panoramio.jpg
|-
|-
|
|
* ''manār'' منار [urd]
* ''manār'' منار [urd]
* ''manāra'' مَنَارَة‎ [ara]
* ''manāra'' مَنَارَة‎ [arb]
* ''manara'' манара [bak,tat]
* ''manara'' манара [bak,tat]
* ''manora'' манора [tgk]
* ''manora'' манора [tgk]
Line 85: Line 92:
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|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pylons_(architecture)
|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pylons_(architecture)
|-
|
* ''eyvān'' ایوان [pes]
* 'īwān إيوان [ara]
|hall
|Mesopotamia
|
|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iwans_(architecture)
|-
|-
|
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|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Temple_of_Edfu_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88.jpg/640px-The_Temple_of_Edfu_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88.jpg
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Temple_of_Edfu_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88.jpg/640px-The_Temple_of_Edfu_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edfu_Temple
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edfu_Temple
|-
|[arb]
<div style="text-align:right">جامعة القرويين</div>
''Jāmiʻat al-Qarawīyīn''
|mosque
|Fez
|857 – 859
|
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/University_of_Al_Qaraouiyine.jpg/454px-University_of_Al_Qaraouiyine.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al-Qarawiyyin
|-
|[shi]
ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ
''Timzgida n Tinml''
|mosque
|Tinmel
|1148
|Almohad
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D9%84_18_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D9%84_18_%28cropped%29.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Great_Mosque_of_Tinmel
|-
|-
|[arb]
|[arb]
Line 151: Line 188:


''Aït Benhaddou''
''Aït Benhaddou''
|
|fortified village
|Atlas Mountains
|Atlas Mountains
|11<sup>th</sup> century
|11<sup>th</sup> century
Line 157: Line 194:
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ksar_A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou%2C_Marocco_%28%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%2C_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%29.jpg/640px-Ksar_A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou%2C_Marocco_%28%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%2C_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%29.jpg
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ksar_A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou%2C_Marocco_%28%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%2C_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%29.jpg/640px-Ksar_A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou%2C_Marocco_%28%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%2C_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%29.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou
|-
|[arb]
<div style="text-align:right">مدرسة العطارين</div>
''Madrasat al-'attārīn''
|madrasa
|Fez
|1323 – 1325
|Zayyanid
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Al-Attarine_Madrasa_%288754656512%29.jpg/640px-Al-Attarine_Madrasa_%288754656512%29.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al-Attarine_Madrasa
|-
|-
|[arb]
|[arb]
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|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kasbah_Taourirt_2078_-_2080.jpg/640px-Kasbah_Taourirt_2078_-_2080.jpg
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kasbah_Taourirt_2078_-_2080.jpg/640px-Kasbah_Taourirt_2078_-_2080.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kasbah_Taourirt
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kasbah_Taourirt
|}
== House ==
=== Mud House ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Siwa-Homes2009.jpg/640px-Siwa-Homes2009.jpg
=== Sand House ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/EL_Ryan_Valley.jpg/514px-EL_Ryan_Valley.jpg
=== Stone House ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Village_%C3%A0_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa%2C_en_Kabylie.jpg/480px-Village_%C3%A0_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa%2C_en_Kabylie.jpg
== Hut ==
=== Nuba Hut ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/House_in_Toteil_002.jpg/640px-House_in_Toteil_002.jpg
=== ''Tikitt'' ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Oasis_de_Tergit_%2808%29.jpg/391px-Oasis_de_Tergit_%2808%29.jpg
== Roof ==
=== Dome ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">قُبَّة‎</div>
|[arb]
|}
<div style="text-align:right">قَصْر أَلْبَانِيَّة</div>
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_l%27Imam_Mohamed_Ibn_Ali_el_Mezari_et_la_zaou%C3%AFa_adjacente_03.JPG/640px-Mausol%C3%A9e_de_l%27Imam_Mohamed_Ibn_Ali_el_Mezari_et_la_zaou%C3%AFa_adjacente_03.JPG


=== Flat Roof ===
''Qaṣr ʔalbāniyya''
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan%2C_toit_en_terrasse_et_coupoles.jpg/640px-Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan%2C_toit_en_terrasse_et_coupoles.jpg
|palace
 
|Marrakesh
=== Hip Roof ===
|19<sup>th</sup> century
{| class="wikitable"
|Zirid
!Arabic
|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bahia_Palace_large_court.jpg/640px-Bahia_Palace_large_court.jpg
|-
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bahia_Palace
|<div style="text-align:right">السَقْفُ المُسَنَّم</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Testour_05.JPG/640px-Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Testour_05.JPG
 
== Ornament ==
 
=== Capital ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">تَاج العَمُود‎</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dar_chaaboui_26.jpg/320px-Dar_chaaboui_26.jpg
 
=== Lantern ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">فَانُوس</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Lanterns_from_below.JPG/321px-Lanterns_from_below.JPG
 
=== Plaster Sculpture ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fez_Morocco_105338_%2849685159987%29.jpg/640px-Fez_Morocco_105338_%2849685159987%29.jpg
 
=== Polished Stones ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">زَلِّيج‎</div>
|}
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Moroccan_mosaic_%2815127120043%29.jpg/640px-Moroccan_mosaic_%2815127120043%29.jpg


== Structure ==
== Structure ==
=== Arcade ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">السَّاباط</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Caire_Al_Nasir_2.jpg
=== Courtyard ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">رِيَاض‎</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Riad_du_Figuier_courtyard_-_Essaouira_188.jpg/640px-Riad_du_Figuier_courtyard_-_Essaouira_188.jpg
=== Four-Arch ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mosque_of_Ibn_Tulun%2C_Cairo%2C_Egypt4.jpg/640px-Mosque_of_Ibn_Tulun%2C_Cairo%2C_Egypt4.jpg
=== Four-Centred Arch ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cairo%2C_moschea_di_as-salih_talai%2C_02.JPG/640px-Cairo%2C_moschea_di_as-salih_talai%2C_02.JPG
=== Latticed Balcony ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">مَشْرَبِيَّة‎</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Moucharabier_-_panoramio.jpg/640px-Moucharabier_-_panoramio.jpg
=== Lambrequin Arch ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Al-Attarine_Madrasa_DSCF3633_%28R_Prazeres%29.jpg/347px-Al-Attarine_Madrasa_DSCF3633_%28R_Prazeres%29.jpg
=== Multifoil Arch ===
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Koutoubia_minaret_east_side_top_tier.jpg/640px-Koutoubia_minaret_east_side_top_tier.jpg
=== Mosque Courtyard ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">صَحْن</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/GreatMosqueofKairouanTunisia.jpg/640px-GreatMosqueofKairouanTunisia.jpg
=== Niche ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">مِحْرَاب</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Zaouia_Sidi_Abid_el_Ghariani_mihrab.jpg/360px-Zaouia_Sidi_Abid_el_Ghariani_mihrab.jpg
=== Portico ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">رِوَاق</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/M.Ali_Mosque6.JPG/640px-M.Ali_Mosque6.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gizeh_-_Mastaba_des_Seschemnefer_IV_2019-11-03a.jpg/640px-Gizeh_-_Mastaba_des_Seschemnefer_IV_2019-11-03a.jpg
=== Pulpit ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">مِنْبَر</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Assuan_el-Tabia_03.JPG/360px-Assuan_el-Tabia_03.JPG
=== Raised Platform ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">دِكَّة / دَكَّة</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sultan_Hasan_Dikka.JPG/640px-Sultan_Hasan_Dikka.JPG
=== Rectangular Hall ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
|-
|<div style="text-align:right">إِيوَان</div>
|}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Iwan_-_Mosque-Madrassa_of_Sultan_Hassan.jpg/360px-Iwan_-_Mosque-Madrassa_of_Sultan_Hassan.jpg


{{Traditional-Architectures}}
{{Traditional-Architectures}}

Revision as of 06:04, 18 October 2024

Architectures Costumes Foods Miscellaneous Handicrafts Musical Instruments Symbols and Motifs Visual Arts Vehicles Weapons and Armours Writings
Calendars and Clocks Performing Arts Economic Systems Festivals Games Literatures Martial Arts Music Religions and Folklores Political Systems Units of Measurement

1000px-United_Nations_geographical_subregions.png

main page
Northern America Northern Africa Northern Europe Central Asia Micronesia
Central America Western Africa Eastern Europe Eastern Asia Polynesia
Caribbean Central Africa Western Europe Western Asia Melanesia
Southern America Eastern Africa Southern Europe Southern Asia Australia and New Zealand
Southern Africa Southeastern Asia

Renovation in progress

Generic Structure

structure function place of origin time image
  • šāḏarwān شَاذَرْوَان‎ [arb]
  • šâdorvân شادروان [pes]
  • şadırvan شادروان [ota]
  • şadrewan [kmr]
  • šedr̀vān шедр̀ва̄н [hbs]
  • shatërvan [sqi]
  • šodurvon шодурвон [tgk]
 ablution fountain Iran https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C5%9Ead%C4%B1rvans
  • mašrabiyya مَشْرَبِيَّة‎ [arb]
 balcony Baghdad 12th century 640px-Moucharabier_-_panoramio.jpg
  • manār منار [urd]
  • manāra مَنَارَة‎ [arb]
  • manara манара [bak,tat]
  • manora манора [tgk]
  • menara [msa]
  • menâre مناره [pes]
  • minara [rhg,tuk]
  • minara минара [kum]
  • minare [kmr,tur]
  • minare مناره [ota]
  • minarə [aze]
  • minora [uzb]
  • monāra مناره [pus]
  • munar مۇنار [uig]
  • munara [tsg]
  • munara мунара [kir]
  • munára муна́ра [hbs]
  • mūnara мұнара [kaz]
  • ṣawmaʕa صومعة [ary]
 beacon Umayyad Caliphate period https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Minarets
  • güvercinlik [tur]
  • güvercinlik گوگرجینلك [ota]
  • kabutarxâne کبوترخانه [pes]
 dovecote 13th century https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dovecotes_by_country
  • manzil منزل [arb]
 farmhouse Djerba https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Menzels
  • ribāṭ رِبَاط [arb]
 fortification Maghreb 7th century https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ribats
  • qṣar قصر [arb]
 fortified village Northern Africa https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ksour
  • bxn.t [egy]
 gate Egypt https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pylons_(architecture)
  • eyvān ایوان [pes]
  • 'īwān إيوان [ara]
 hall Mesopotamia https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iwans_(architecture)
  • tekhenu [egy]
 monument Egypt 20th century BC https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Obelisks
  • myr [egy]
 tomb Egypt c. 4700 BC https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pyramids_of_Egypt

Specific Building

building function location time style image
tomb Giza c. 2600 BC 640px-Pyramids_of_the_Giza_Necropolis.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Giza_pyramid_complex

monument Heliopolis 20th century BC 320px-Heliopolis200501.JPG

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Obelisk_of_Senusret_I_in_Heliopolis

[egy]

Bḥd.t

temple Edfu 237 BC – 57 BC 640px-The_Temple_of_Edfu_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edfu_Temple

[arb]
جامعة القرويين

Jāmiʻat al-Qarawīyīn

mosque Fez 857 – 859 454px-University_of_Al_Qaraouiyine.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al-Qarawiyyin

[shi]

ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ

Timzgida n Tinml

mosque Tinmel 1148 Almohad 640px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D9%84_18_%28cropped%29.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Great_Mosque_of_Tinmel

[arb]
مسجد الصالح طلائع

Masjid al-Salih Tala'i

mosque Cairo 1160 Fatimid 640px-Mosque_of_Salih_Talai_from_above.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al-Salih_Tala%27i_Mosque

[arb]
آيت بن حدّو

Aït Benhaddou

fortified village Atlas Mountains 11th century 640px-Ksar_A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou%2C_Marocco_%28%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%2C_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%29.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:A%C3%AFt_Benhaddou

[arb]
مدرسة العطارين

Madrasat al-'attārīn

madrasa Fez 1323 – 1325 Zayyanid 640px-Al-Attarine_Madrasa_%288754656512%29.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al-Attarine_Madrasa

[arb]
قلعة قايتباي

Qalʻat Qāyitbāy

citadel Alexandria 1477 – 1479 Mamluk 592px-Alexandria_Egypt_%28235108463%29.jpeg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citadel_of_Qaitbay

[arb]
مسجد الصالح طلائع

Qaṣr Awlād Sulṭān

fortified granery Tataouine 15th century 640px-Ksar_Ouled_Soltane_01.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ksar_Ouled_Soltane

[arb]
سبيل وكتاب عبدالرحمن كتخدا

Sabīl wa-Kuttāb 'abd-al-Raḥmān Katkhudā

monument, public fountain Cairo 1744 Mamluk 525px-Sabil-Kuttab_of_Katkhuda_%2814613468600%29.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sabil_of_Abd_al-Rahman_Katkhuda

[arb]
سبيل وكتاب عبدالرحمن كتخدا

Qaṣabat Tāwryrt

fortress Ouarzazate 19th century Berber 640px-Kasbah_Taourirt_2078_-_2080.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kasbah_Taourirt

[arb]
قَصْر أَلْبَانِيَّة

Qaṣr ʔalbāniyya

palace Marrakesh 19th century Zirid 640px-Bahia_Palace_large_court.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bahia_Palace

Structure

Architectures Costumes Foods Miscellaneous Handicrafts Musical Instruments Symbols and Motifs Visual Arts Vehicles Weapons and Armours Writings
Calendars and Clocks Performing Arts Economic Systems Festivals Games Literatures Martial Arts Music Religions and Folklores Political Systems Units of Measurement

1000px-United_Nations_geographical_subregions.png

main page
Northern America Northern Africa Northern Europe Central Asia Micronesia
Central America Western Africa Eastern Europe Eastern Asia Polynesia
Caribbean Central Africa Western Europe Western Asia Melanesia
Southern America Eastern Africa Southern Europe Southern Asia Australia and New Zealand
Southern Africa Southeastern Asia

Other lessons

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