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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]  → [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Negating Sentences</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]  → [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Questions and Negation → Negating Sentences</div>
Welcome to one of the essential lessons of your Kinyarwanda journey! Today, we're diving into a topic that is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Kinyarwanda: negating sentences. Understanding how to express negation will not only enhance your conversational skills but also allow you to articulate your thoughts more precisely. Imagine being able to say "I do not like this" or "She does not understand" with ease! This lesson will equip you with the tools to do just that.
 
In this lesson, we’ll cover:
 
* '''The importance of negation in sentences'''
 
* '''Common negative words and constructions in Kinyarwanda'''
 
* '''A variety of examples to illustrate each point'''
 
* '''Practice exercises to solidify your understanding'''
 
So, let's get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


Negating sentences in Kinyarwanda is an important part of understanding the language and being able to communicate effectively. In this lesson, you will learn different negative words and constructions used in Kinyarwanda.
=== The Importance of Negation in Kinyarwanda ===
 
Negation is a fundamental aspect of any language. It allows speakers to deny, reject, or clarify statements. In Kinyarwanda, just like in English, negation plays a crucial role in communication. Without the ability to negate, misunderstandings can arise, and your message may not be conveyed as intended. For instance, saying "I like it" versus "I do not like it" can drastically change the meaning of a conversation.  
 
In Kinyarwanda, negating a sentence involves specific words and structures that differ from English. This lesson will explore the various ways to express negation, ensuring you can express yourself accurately regardless of the context.
 
=== Common Negative Words and Constructions ===
 
In Kinyarwanda, the most common way to negate a sentence is by using the word '''"ntabwo"''' which generally translates to "not" or "no." However, there are other negative forms and constructions that are equally important. Below are some of the key negative words and phrases you'll frequently encounter:
 
* '''Ntabwo''' - Not
 
* '''Sinzi''' - I do not know
 
* '''Sindi''' - I am not


== Negative Words ==
* '''Ntabwo nzi''' - I do not know


In Kinyarwanda, there are several negative words that are commonly used in negating sentences. Here are some of the most important ones:
* '''Nta''' - None or no (used with nouns)


=== Nt --> Not ===
Let's break down how to use these words in sentences.


The word "nt" is used to negate a sentence. It can be added to the beginning of a sentence or after the subject. For example:
=== Examples of Negating Sentences ===
 
Here are 20 examples illustrating how to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda. Each example will showcase a different structure or word used for negation.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
 
! Kinyarwanda !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Ntugashyira ibyo uvuga hano || Do not say those things here
|}


=== Nti --> Not (reponse to a question) ===
| Ntabwo ndi umunyeshuri || n̩tabʊ ɲdi ʊmʊɲeʃʊɾi || I am not a student
 
|-


The word "nti" is used to respond negatively to a yes/no question. It is always used in response to a question, not as a sentence starter. For example:
| Sinzi uko bimeze || siɲzi ʊko bimeze || I do not know how it is


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Yewe, ukoresha imodoka? || Yes, do you use a car?
| Nti, sinukoresha || No, I do not use one
|}


=== Nta --> Not any ===
| Ntabwo ari mu biro || n̩tabʊ aɾi mu biɾo || He/She is not in the office
 
|-


The word "nta" is used to indicate "not any". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:
| Nta muntu || nta mʊntu || No person


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntago hari ibijumba hano || There are not any pineapples here
|}


=== Ntawundi --> Not another ===
| Ntabwo nzi Ikinyarwanda || n̩tabʊ n̩zi ɪkɪɲaɾwaɲda || I do not know Kinyarwanda
 
|-


The word "ntawundi" is used to indicate "not another", "not any other". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:
| Ntabwo bakora akazi || n̩tabʊ bakoɾa akazi || They do not work


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntawundi murugo rwose muli iki kigo? || Are all classrooms in this school?
| Oya, ntago || No, not another
|}


=== Ntaho --> Not where ===
| Sindi mu rugo || sindi mu ɾuɡo || I am not at home


The word "ntaho" is used to indicate "not where". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:
|-
 
| Ntabwo tugiye kujya || n̩tabʊ tʊɡiɛ kuʤa || We are not going


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntaho ibikoresho biwundi bifite ikinyabupfura? || Where can I find cheap clothes?
| Oya, ntago hano || No, not here
|}


=== Ntago --> Not there ===
| Ntabwo wumva || n̩tabʊ wʊmva || You do not understand
 
|-


The word "ntago" is used to indicate "not there". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:
| Sinshaka || siɲʃaka || I do not want


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntago hari ibikoresho byiza? || Are there good clothes?
| Oya, ntago || No, not there
|}


== Negative Constructions ==
| Nta kintu || nta kʊntu || No thing
 
|-


There are also different negative constructions that can be used to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda. Here are some of the most important ones:
| Ntabwo arakora || n̩tabʊ aɾakoɾa || He/She is not working


=== Si --> Negative Imperative ===
|-


The word "si" is used before the verb in an imperative sentence to make it negative. For example:
| Ntabwo mbyumva || n̩tabʊ mbyʊmva || You do not hear me


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Simvura || Do not sleep
|}


=== Ntib --> Not/Virtual Future ===
| Nta gahunda || nta ɡahʊnda || No plan


The word "ntib" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action is not going to happen or is unlikely to happen. For example:
|-
 
| Ntabwo dufite amafaranga || n̩tabʊ dʊfite amanaɾɡa || We do not have money


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntibyabashije ibikorwa byifatwa || The work may not be done
|}


=== Ntabwo --> Not yet ===
| Ntabwo mwakumva || n̩tabʊ mwakʊmva || You do not understand (plural)
 
|-


The word "ntabwo" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action has not yet happened or will not happen soon. For example:
| Sindi umuyobozi || sindi umʊʦi || I am not a leader


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntabwo nagiye      || I am not yet going there
|}


=== Ntiy --> Not yet/Still ===
| Ntabwo tugendeye || n̩tabʊ tʊɡendeje || We are not moving
 
|-


The word "ntiy" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action has not yet started or is still ongoing. For example:
| Ntabwo bazi || n̩tabʊ bazi || They do not know


{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntiyatanze || I have not done it yet
 
| Ntabwo ndabikora || n̩tabʊ ndabikora || I do not do it
 
|}
|}


=== Ntit --> Not really/have not ===
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that we've explored the concept of negation in Kinyarwanda, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are 10 exercises designed to help you practice negating sentences. After each exercise, detailed solutions and explanations are provided.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda using the correct negation form.
 
1. I am not a teacher.
 
2. She does not know the answer.
 
3. They do not like beans.
 
4. We are not going to the market.
 
5. You do not understand.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Sinndi umwigisha.


The word "ntit" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action has not been done or is unlikely to be done. For example:
2. Ntabwo azi igisubizo.


{| class="wikitable"
3. Ntabwo bakunda ibijumba.
! Kinyarwanda !! English
 
|-
4. Ntabwo turi kujya ku isoko.
| Ntitifuza kwibaruka hano || I do not really want to go back there
 
|}
5. Ntabwo wumva.
 
==== Exercise 2: True or False ====
 
Determine if the following Kinyarwanda sentences are negated correctly. If not, provide the correct version.
 
1. Ntabwo ndi umunyeshuri. (True/False)
 
2. Nta amafaranga nzi. (True/False)
 
3. Ntabwo bazi Ikinyarwanda. (True/False)
 
4. Ntabwo tugenda. (True/False)
 
5. Sindi umugabo. (True/False)
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. True
 
2. False - Correct: Ntabwo nzi amafaranga.
 
3. True
 
4. True
 
5. True
 
==== Exercise 3: Sentence Transformation ====
 
Transform the following affirmative sentences into negative ones.
 
1. I like music.
 
2. She is a doctor.
 
3. We are friends.
 
4. They eat rice.
 
5. You know Kinyarwanda.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Sinshaka umuziki.
 
2. Ntabwo ari umuganga.
 
3. Ntabwo turi inshuti.
 
4. Ntabwo barya umuceri.
 
5. Ntabwo wumva Ikinyarwanda.
 
==== Exercise 4: Matching ====
 
Match the Kinyarwanda negation with its English equivalent.
 
1. Ntabwo
 
2. Sinzi
 
3. Nta
 
4. Sindi
 
5. Ntabwo nzi
 
a. I do not know
 
b. Not
 
c. None
 
d. I am not
 
e. I do not know
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1 - b
 
2 - a
 
3 - c
 
4 - d
 
5 - e
 
==== Exercise 5: Negative Sentence Formation ====
 
Create negative sentences from the following prompts:
 
1. I am not going to school.
 
2. She does not like tea.
 
3. We are not playing soccer.
 
4. He does not understand French.
 
5. They are not at home.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Sinshaka kujya ku ishuri.
 
2. Ntabwo akunda icyayi.
 
3. Ntabwo turi gukina umupira.
 
4. Ntabwo atekereza Icyongereza.
 
5. Ntabwo barimo mu rugo.
 
==== Exercise 6: Fill in the Blank with the Correct Negation Word ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate negation words.
 
1. Ntabwo ________ umuyobozi.
 
2. ________ nzi ibyo.
 
3. ________ kintu.
 
4. Ntabwo ________ akazi.
 
5. Sindi ________.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. ndi
 
2. Sinzi
 
3. Nta
 
4. ari
 
5. umugabo
 
==== Exercise 7: Sentence Correction ====
 
Correct the negation in the following sentences.
 
1. Ntabwo wenda kunywa.
 
2. Ntabwo ndi umuyobozi wanjye.
 
3. Nta umuntu akunda ibirayi.
 
4. Ntabwo bazi ikintu.
 
5. Ntabwo tugenda mu rugo.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ntabwo ushaka kunywa.
 
2. Correct as is.
 
3. Ntabwo ari umuntu ukunda ibirayi.
 
4. Correct as is.
 
5. Correct as is.
 
==== Exercise 8: Create Sentences ====
 
Use the following subjects to create negative sentences.
 
1. I
 
2. They
 
3. She
 
4. We
 
5. You
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Sinshaka.
 
2. Ntabwo bakora.
 
3. Ntabwo akunda igikoni.
 
4. Ntabwo turi mu rugo.
 
5. Ntabwo wumva.
 
==== Exercise 9: Identify the Negation ====
 
Identify the negation word in the following sentences:
 
1. Ntabwo arakora.
 
2. Nta kintu nzi.
 
3. Sinzi icyumweru.
 
4. Ntabwo bazi igitabo.
 
5. Ntabwo wumva.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ntabwo
 
2. Nta
 
3. Sinzi
 
4. Ntabwo
 
5. Ntabwo
 
==== Exercise 10: Translate to Kinyarwanda ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda, ensuring correct negation is applied.
 
1. I do not eat meat.
 
2. They do not play games.
 
3. He is not a teacher.
 
4. You do not understand the question.
 
5. We are not friends.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ntabwo ndya inyama.
 
2. Ntabwo bakina imikino.
 
3. Ntabwo ari umwigisha.
 
4. Ntabwo wumva ikibazo.


== Conclusion ==
5. Ntabwo turi inshuti.


Negating sentences in Kinyarwanda can be challenging, but with practice and patience, you will be able to master it. By understanding the different negative words and constructions used in the language, you will be able to communicate effectively and confidently with native speakers.
Congratulations on completing this lesson on negating sentences in Kinyarwanda! With practice, you'll find that using negation becomes second nature, enabling you to communicate more effectively in your Kinyarwanda conversations. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to express yourself with confidence!


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|keywords=Kinyarwanda grammar, negating sentences, negative words in Kinyarwanda, negative constructions, Kinyarwanda negation
|title=Kinyarwanda Grammar: Negating Sentences
|description=Learn how to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda using different negative words and constructions. In this lesson, you will learn different negative words and constructions used in Kinyarwanda.
 
|keywords=Kinyarwanda, negation, grammar, language learning, beginners, Kinyarwanda sentences, language exercises
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda using various negative words and constructions, complete with examples and practice exercises.
 
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==Sources==
* [https://sites.google.com/a/wisc.edu/learning-kinyarwanda/lessons-in-grammar-and-pronunciation/9-the-verb-the-copulative 9.) The Verb: The Copulative - Learning Kinyarwanda]
* [https://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/audio/languagelessons/rwanda/RW_Kinyarwanda_Language_Lessons.pdf Trainee Kinyarwanda Book Table of Contents]
* [https://sites.google.com/a/wisc.edu/learning-kinyarwanda/lessons-in-grammar-and-pronunciation/16-the-verb-the-transitive 16.) The Verb: The Transitive - Learning Kinyarwanda]




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* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Asking-Questions|Asking Questions]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Asking-Questions|Asking Questions]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]


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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Asking-Questions|◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Kinyarwanda/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 08:48, 2 August 2024

◀️ Asking Questions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

Kinyarwanda-flag-polyglotclub.fw.png
Kinyarwanda → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Negating Sentences

Welcome to one of the essential lessons of your Kinyarwanda journey! Today, we're diving into a topic that is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Kinyarwanda: negating sentences. Understanding how to express negation will not only enhance your conversational skills but also allow you to articulate your thoughts more precisely. Imagine being able to say "I do not like this" or "She does not understand" with ease! This lesson will equip you with the tools to do just that.

In this lesson, we’ll cover:

  • The importance of negation in sentences
  • Common negative words and constructions in Kinyarwanda
  • A variety of examples to illustrate each point
  • Practice exercises to solidify your understanding

So, let's get started!

The Importance of Negation in Kinyarwanda[edit | edit source]

Negation is a fundamental aspect of any language. It allows speakers to deny, reject, or clarify statements. In Kinyarwanda, just like in English, negation plays a crucial role in communication. Without the ability to negate, misunderstandings can arise, and your message may not be conveyed as intended. For instance, saying "I like it" versus "I do not like it" can drastically change the meaning of a conversation.

In Kinyarwanda, negating a sentence involves specific words and structures that differ from English. This lesson will explore the various ways to express negation, ensuring you can express yourself accurately regardless of the context.

Common Negative Words and Constructions[edit | edit source]

In Kinyarwanda, the most common way to negate a sentence is by using the word "ntabwo" which generally translates to "not" or "no." However, there are other negative forms and constructions that are equally important. Below are some of the key negative words and phrases you'll frequently encounter:

  • Ntabwo - Not
  • Sinzi - I do not know
  • Sindi - I am not
  • Ntabwo nzi - I do not know
  • Nta - None or no (used with nouns)

Let's break down how to use these words in sentences.

Examples of Negating Sentences[edit | edit source]

Here are 20 examples illustrating how to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda. Each example will showcase a different structure or word used for negation.

Kinyarwanda Pronunciation English
Ntabwo ndi umunyeshuri n̩tabʊ ɲdi ʊmʊɲeʃʊɾi I am not a student
Sinzi uko bimeze siɲzi ʊko bimeze I do not know how it is
Ntabwo ari mu biro n̩tabʊ aɾi mu biɾo He/She is not in the office
Nta muntu nta mʊntu No person
Ntabwo nzi Ikinyarwanda n̩tabʊ n̩zi ɪkɪɲaɾwaɲda I do not know Kinyarwanda
Ntabwo bakora akazi n̩tabʊ bakoɾa akazi They do not work
Sindi mu rugo sindi mu ɾuɡo I am not at home
Ntabwo tugiye kujya n̩tabʊ tʊɡiɛ kuʤa We are not going
Ntabwo wumva n̩tabʊ wʊmva You do not understand
Sinshaka siɲʃaka I do not want
Nta kintu nta kʊntu No thing
Ntabwo arakora n̩tabʊ aɾakoɾa He/She is not working
Ntabwo mbyumva n̩tabʊ mbyʊmva You do not hear me
Nta gahunda nta ɡahʊnda No plan
Ntabwo dufite amafaranga n̩tabʊ dʊfite amanaɾɡa We do not have money
Ntabwo mwakumva n̩tabʊ mwakʊmva You do not understand (plural)
Sindi umuyobozi sindi umʊʦi I am not a leader
Ntabwo tugendeye n̩tabʊ tʊɡendeje We are not moving
Ntabwo bazi n̩tabʊ bazi They do not know
Ntabwo ndabikora n̩tabʊ ndabikora I do not do it

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've explored the concept of negation in Kinyarwanda, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are 10 exercises designed to help you practice negating sentences. After each exercise, detailed solutions and explanations are provided.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda using the correct negation form.

1. I am not a teacher.

2. She does not know the answer.

3. They do not like beans.

4. We are not going to the market.

5. You do not understand.

Solutions:

1. Sinndi umwigisha.

2. Ntabwo azi igisubizo.

3. Ntabwo bakunda ibijumba.

4. Ntabwo turi kujya ku isoko.

5. Ntabwo wumva.

Exercise 2: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine if the following Kinyarwanda sentences are negated correctly. If not, provide the correct version.

1. Ntabwo ndi umunyeshuri. (True/False)

2. Nta amafaranga nzi. (True/False)

3. Ntabwo bazi Ikinyarwanda. (True/False)

4. Ntabwo tugenda. (True/False)

5. Sindi umugabo. (True/False)

Solutions:

1. True

2. False - Correct: Ntabwo nzi amafaranga.

3. True

4. True

5. True

Exercise 3: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the following affirmative sentences into negative ones.

1. I like music.

2. She is a doctor.

3. We are friends.

4. They eat rice.

5. You know Kinyarwanda.

Solutions:

1. Sinshaka umuziki.

2. Ntabwo ari umuganga.

3. Ntabwo turi inshuti.

4. Ntabwo barya umuceri.

5. Ntabwo wumva Ikinyarwanda.

Exercise 4: Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the Kinyarwanda negation with its English equivalent.

1. Ntabwo

2. Sinzi

3. Nta

4. Sindi

5. Ntabwo nzi

a. I do not know

b. Not

c. None

d. I am not

e. I do not know

Solutions:

1 - b

2 - a

3 - c

4 - d

5 - e

Exercise 5: Negative Sentence Formation[edit | edit source]

Create negative sentences from the following prompts:

1. I am not going to school.

2. She does not like tea.

3. We are not playing soccer.

4. He does not understand French.

5. They are not at home.

Solutions:

1. Sinshaka kujya ku ishuri.

2. Ntabwo akunda icyayi.

3. Ntabwo turi gukina umupira.

4. Ntabwo atekereza Icyongereza.

5. Ntabwo barimo mu rugo.

Exercise 6: Fill in the Blank with the Correct Negation Word[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate negation words.

1. Ntabwo ________ umuyobozi.

2. ________ nzi ibyo.

3. ________ kintu.

4. Ntabwo ________ akazi.

5. Sindi ________.

Solutions:

1. ndi

2. Sinzi

3. Nta

4. ari

5. umugabo

Exercise 7: Sentence Correction[edit | edit source]

Correct the negation in the following sentences.

1. Ntabwo wenda kunywa.

2. Ntabwo ndi umuyobozi wanjye.

3. Nta umuntu akunda ibirayi.

4. Ntabwo bazi ikintu.

5. Ntabwo tugenda mu rugo.

Solutions:

1. Ntabwo ushaka kunywa.

2. Correct as is.

3. Ntabwo ari umuntu ukunda ibirayi.

4. Correct as is.

5. Correct as is.

Exercise 8: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Use the following subjects to create negative sentences.

1. I

2. They

3. She

4. We

5. You

Solutions:

1. Sinshaka.

2. Ntabwo bakora.

3. Ntabwo akunda igikoni.

4. Ntabwo turi mu rugo.

5. Ntabwo wumva.

Exercise 9: Identify the Negation[edit | edit source]

Identify the negation word in the following sentences:

1. Ntabwo arakora.

2. Nta kintu nzi.

3. Sinzi icyumweru.

4. Ntabwo bazi igitabo.

5. Ntabwo wumva.

Solutions:

1. Ntabwo

2. Nta

3. Sinzi

4. Ntabwo

5. Ntabwo

Exercise 10: Translate to Kinyarwanda[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda, ensuring correct negation is applied.

1. I do not eat meat.

2. They do not play games.

3. He is not a teacher.

4. You do not understand the question.

5. We are not friends.

Solutions:

1. Ntabwo ndya inyama.

2. Ntabwo bakina imikino.

3. Ntabwo ari umwigisha.

4. Ntabwo wumva ikibazo.

5. Ntabwo turi inshuti.

Congratulations on completing this lesson on negating sentences in Kinyarwanda! With practice, you'll find that using negation becomes second nature, enabling you to communicate more effectively in your Kinyarwanda conversations. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to express yourself with confidence!

Table of Contents - Kinyarwanda Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Questions and Negation


Travel and Transportation


Rwandan Customs and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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