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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Common Prepositions</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions → Common Prepositions</div>
Welcome to our lesson on '''Common Prepositions''' in Central Pashto! Prepositions are the unsung heroes of language; they connect words and phrases, helping us articulate our thoughts with clarity and precision. In Central Pashto, understanding prepositions is crucial as they play a vital role in sentence structure and meaning.
 
In this lesson, we will explore various common prepositions used in Central Pashto, their meanings, and how to use them effectively in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will not only understand what prepositions are but also how to incorporate them into your everyday Pashto conversations.
 
Here’s what we will cover:
 
* '''Introduction to Prepositions'''
 
* '''List of Common Prepositions'''
 
* '''Usage of Prepositions in Sentences'''
 
* '''Practice Exercises'''
 
* '''Summary and Review'''


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Introduction to Prepositions ===
 
Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a sentence. They describe relationships in terms of time, place, and direction, among others. In Central Pashto, prepositions serve to clarify the context of action and provide essential information.
 
For example, consider the preposition "in" in the sentence "The book is in the bag." Here, "in" indicates the location of the book concerning the bag. Similarly, Pashto prepositions help convey such relationships clearly and effectively.
 
=== List of Common Prepositions ===
 
Below, you will find a list of some common prepositions in Central Pashto, along with their meanings in English.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| په  || pa || in
 
|-
 
| سره  || sara || with
 
|-
 
| لپاره  || lparah || for
 
|-
 
| تر  || tar || until
 
|-
 
| مخکې  || makhkeh || before
 
|-
 
| وروسته  || warosta || after
 
|-
 
| د  || da || of
 
|-


Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in the sentence. In this lesson, we will learn about common prepositions in Central Pashto and how to use them in sentences.
| په اړه  || pa arrah || about


It is essential to understand prepositions' meaning and usage to express yourself correctly in the Pashto language. You can use prepositions to indicate time, place, manner, means, or instrument. Moreover, the correct use of prepositions is necessary to convey the intended message accurately.
|-


For example, the English sentence "I am going to the store" can be improperly translated as "ما هغه دکان ته ورکم" in Pashto. The proper Pashto translation should be "زه نه يې د کاروندې ته ليدلو ته يم."
| لاندې  || landay || under


By practicing the use of prepositions in Central Pashto, you will add versatility to your language skills and increase your proficiency level.
|-


| پورته  || purta || above


<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]] & [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]].</span>
|-
== Common Prepositions ==


Here is a list of common prepositions in Central Pashto and their meanings:
| سره  || sara || with
 
|-
 
| په وړاندې  || pa wrande || in front of
 
|-
 
| تر څنګ  || tar tsang || next to
 
|-
 
| تر  || tar || to
 
|-
 
| نه  || na || from
 
|-
 
| د لارې  || da lara || along
 
|-
 
| د باندې  || da bande || outside
 
|-
 
| د دننه  || da dinnah || inside
 
|-
 
| د مخکې  || da makhkeh || before
 
|-
 
| د وروسته  || da warosta || after
 
|-
 
| د سره  || da sara || with
 
|}
 
=== Usage of Prepositions in Sentences ===
 
Now that we have a list of common prepositions, let’s see how these words fit into sentences. Here are some examples that illustrate their usage:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| کتاب په مېز باندې دی. || kitab pa mez bande di. || The book is on the table.
 
|-
 
| زه له تاسو سره یم. || za la tasoo sara yem. || I am with you.
 
|-
 
| دا کتاب د ښکلا لپاره دی. || da kitab da shqala lparah di. || This book is for beauty.
 
|-
 
| زه تر شپږو بجو پورې کار کوم. || za tar shpaghu bajoo poray kar kum. || I work until six o'clock.
 
|-
 
| زه مخکې له تاسو سره ځم. || za makhkeh la tasoo sara zam. || I am going before you.
 
|-
 
| هغه وروسته له کور نه لاړ. || hagha warosta la kor na lard. || He left after coming home.
 
|-
 
| دا د زوی کتاب دی. || da da zooy kitab di. || This is the son's book.
 
|-
 
| موږ په اړه د هغه خبرې کوو. || mung pa arrah da hagha khabarey kawoo. || We talk about him.
 
|-
|-
| په || pə || in, at, on
 
| کلا د غر لاندې ده. || kala da ghar landay de. || The castle is under the mountain.
 
|-
|-
| له || lə || from, of, out of, by
 
| سپی د کلا پورته دی. || spi da kala purta di. || The dog is above the castle.
 
|-
|-
| ته || tə || to, towards, for
 
| زه په وړاندې د کوره باران لرم. || za pa wrande da kora baran laram. || I have rain in front of the house.
 
|-
|-
| نه || na || to (negative), from (negative)
 
| تر څنګ یې د شپې خوب دی. || tar tsang ye da shpa khub di. || Next to him is the night’s sleep.
 
|-
 
| زه تر کندهار ته ځم. || za tar Kandahar ta zam. || I am going to Kandahar.
 
|-
 
| هغه له کابل نه راغی. || hagha la Kabul na raghay. || He came from Kabul.
 
|-
|-
| مېنه || meyna || without
 
| موږ د لارې پرانستې کار کوو. || mung da lara paranstay kar kawoo. || We work along the road.
 
|-
|-
| د || da || of, for (personal pronoun), with, than
 
| ماشوم د باندې دی. || mashoom da bande de. || The child is outside.
 
|-
|-
| لرې || ləre || by, with, along, on account of
 
| زه د دننه یم. || za da dinnah yem. || I am inside.
 
|-
|-
| سره || səra || with
 
| زه د مخې د کوره ځم. || za da makhkeh da kora zam. || I am going before the house.
 
|-
|-
| هم || ham || also, too, with, along with
 
| هغه د وروسته د کوره لاړ. || hagha da warosta da kora lard. || He left after the house.
 
|-
|-
| را || ra || to (emphatic), towards (emphatic)
 
| زه د سره له ملگرو یم. || za da sara la malgaro yem. || I am with friends.
 
|}
|}


Note that some prepositions have multiple meanings depending on their use in the sentence.
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help you practice using prepositions in Central Pashto.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the list provided.
 
1. زه ___ کتاب لولم. (I read a book.)
 
2. دا کمره ___ دی. (This camera is on the table.)
 
3. هغه ___ ښار دی. (He is from the city.)
 
4. موږ ___ کوره روان یو. (We are going to the house.)
 
5. زه ___ ملګري یم. (I am with friends.)
 
6. دغه کتاب ___ زیارت دی. (This book is about visiting.)
 
7. زه ___ تر څنګ یم. (I am next to him.)
 
8. دا ___ د پوهاند کتاب دی. (This is the professor's book.)
 
9. ___ باران کې ډیر خوند دی. (There is much joy in the rain.)
 
10. موږ ___ د لارې تیریږو. (We walk along the road.)
 
=== Solutions for Exercise 1 ===
 
1. په (pa)
 
2. باندې (bande)


=== Examples of Prepositions in Use ===
3. نه (na)


Here are some common examples of prepositions in sentences:
4. ته (ta)


* زه په دړه کې ديګه. (Za pə dərə ke diga) - I am in the house.
5. سره (sara)


* زه له ماشېن کښې چلوم. (Za lə mashin khə ke chelum) - I drove from the car.
6. په اړه (pa arrah)


* زه ته څو څو نان وېدل شم. (Za tə tso tso nan wēdal sham) - I will buy two pieces of bread for you.
7. تر (tar)


* زه خپله مهربانۍ نه ورنه. (Za khpalə mehrabane na worne) - I cannot live without you.
8. د (da)


* زه د پراختري پر لوژ کې ده. (Za da prakhtaray pər loj ke da) - I am in the room with the students.
9. په (pa)


* زه لرې ماشېن خريدلی. (Za ləre mashin khəridli) - I bought the car on account of him.
10. د (da)


* زه سره دوې ګوره لرو. (Za səra doye gora laro) - I went with my two brothers.
==== Exercise 2: Sentence formation ====


* زه هغه هم پوه لرم. (Za həga ham puha ləram) - I am also a teacher with him.
Use the following words to form sentences, incorporating the appropriate prepositions.


* زه را کابل ته لیږم. (Za ra Kabul tə liǧam) - I am heading towards Kabul.
1. کتاب / مېز / دی (The book is on the table.)


== Practice Exercises ==
2. زه / کور / ته / ځم (I am going to the house.)


To practice using prepositions in Central Pashto, try translating the following sentences:
3. هغه / له / ملګري / دی (He is with friends.)


* I will meet you at the park.
4. باران / د / ښکلا / دی (The rain is beautiful.)


* The book is from my teacher.
5. موږ / د / کلا / لاندې / یو (We are under the castle.)


* The cat is on the table.
=== Solutions for Exercise 2 ===


* I came to the party with my friends.
1. کتاب په مېز باندې دی. (Kitab pa mez bande di.)


* She cannot leave without her passport.
2. زه کور ته ځم. (Za kor ta zam.)


== Conclusion ==
3. هغه له ملګري سره دی. (Hagha la malgari sara di.)


In this lesson, we covered common prepositions in Central Pashto and their usage in sentences. By understanding prepositions' meaning and usage, you can express yourself accurately in Pashto.  
4. باران د ښکلا دی. (Baran da shqala di.)


Remember to practice using prepositions in your daily conversations, and do not hesitate to make mistakes. Accurate use of prepositions takes practice and patience.  
5. موږ د کلا لاندې یو. (Mung da kala landay yo.)


Continue practicing and stay tuned for the next lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Central Pashto Course."
==== Exercise 3: Translation ====


Translate the following sentences from English to Central Pashto using the correct prepositions.
1. The cat is under the table.
2. We are going with friends.
3. The book is about history.
4. She lives in the city.
5. I will wait until tomorrow.
=== Solutions for Exercise 3 ===
1. پیشو د مېز لاندې ده. (Pisho da mez landay de.)
2. موږ د ملګرو سره ځو. (Mung da malgaro sara zwo.)
3. کتاب د تاریخ په اړه دی. (Kitab da tareekh pa arrah di.)
4. هغې په ښار کې ژوند کوي. (Hagha pa shahr ke zindagi kawi.)
5. زه تر سبا پورې انتظار کوم. (Za tar saba poray intezar kum.)
==== Exercise 4: Matching ====
Match the English sentences with their Pashto translations.
1. I am outside.
2. The dog is above the roof.
3. We talk about life.
4. He came from the market.
5. The children are next to the school.
{| class="wikitable"
! English !! Central Pashto
|-
| 1. I am outside. || زه د باندې یم.
|-
| 2. The dog is above the roof. || سپی د چت پورته دی.
|-
| 3. We talk about life. || موږ د ژوند په اړه خبرې کوو.
|-
| 4. He came from the market. || هغه د بازار نه راغی.
|-
| 5. The children are next to the school. || ماشومان د ښوونځي تر څنګ دي.
|}
==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own ====
Write five sentences in Central Pashto using different prepositions.
=== Solutions for Exercise 5 ===
1. کتاب په کتابتون کې دی. (Kitab pa ketabton ke di.) - The book is in the library.
2. زه د ملګرو سره یم. (Za da malgaro sara yem.) - I am with friends.
3. هغه د کلا لاندې دی. (Hagha da kala landay de.) - He is under the castle.
4. موږ د لارې پرانستې ځو. (Mung da lara paranstay zwo.) - We walk along the road.
5. زه تر دوو بجو پورې انتظار کوم. (Za tar doo bajoo poray intezar kum.) - I wait until two o'clock.
=== Summary and Review ===
In this lesson, we delved into the world of '''common prepositions''' in Central Pashto. We learned about their meanings, saw them in action within sentences, and practiced using them through various exercises.
Prepositions are essential for constructing meaningful sentences and conveying relationships between different elements in your speech. As you continue your journey in learning Central Pashto, remember to pay attention to how prepositions are used in context, and don't hesitate to practice forming your sentences!
Keep practicing, and you will see your command of Central Pashto grow stronger with each lesson!


<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] & [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Central Pashto Grammar → Prepositions → Common Prepositions
 
|keywords=Central Pashto, prepositions, common prepositions, Pashtun culture, Pashtun cuisine, traditional Pashtun clothing, A1 level
|title=Central Pashto Grammar - Common Prepositions
|description=Learn about common prepositions in Central Pashto, their meanings, and their usage. Practice using them in sentences and understand their role in sentence structure.
 
|keywords=Pashto, prepositions, language learning, Central Pashto, grammar
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about common prepositions in Central Pashto, their meanings, and their usage. Practice using them in sentences and understand their role in sentence structure.
 
}}
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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]


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|[[Language/Central-pashto/Vocabulary/Household-Chores|◀️ Household Chores — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Prepositions-of-Place|Next Lesson — Prepositions of Place ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 05:04, 2 August 2024

◀️ Household Chores — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositions of Place ▶️

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Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Common Prepositions

Welcome to our lesson on Common Prepositions in Central Pashto! Prepositions are the unsung heroes of language; they connect words and phrases, helping us articulate our thoughts with clarity and precision. In Central Pashto, understanding prepositions is crucial as they play a vital role in sentence structure and meaning.

In this lesson, we will explore various common prepositions used in Central Pashto, their meanings, and how to use them effectively in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will not only understand what prepositions are but also how to incorporate them into your everyday Pashto conversations.

Here’s what we will cover:

  • Introduction to Prepositions
  • List of Common Prepositions
  • Usage of Prepositions in Sentences
  • Practice Exercises
  • Summary and Review

Introduction to Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a sentence. They describe relationships in terms of time, place, and direction, among others. In Central Pashto, prepositions serve to clarify the context of action and provide essential information.

For example, consider the preposition "in" in the sentence "The book is in the bag." Here, "in" indicates the location of the book concerning the bag. Similarly, Pashto prepositions help convey such relationships clearly and effectively.

List of Common Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Below, you will find a list of some common prepositions in Central Pashto, along with their meanings in English.

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
په pa in
سره sara with
لپاره lparah for
تر tar until
مخکې makhkeh before
وروسته warosta after
د da of
په اړه pa arrah about
لاندې landay under
پورته purta above
سره sara with
په وړاندې pa wrande in front of
تر څنګ tar tsang next to
تر tar to
نه na from
د لارې da lara along
د باندې da bande outside
د دننه da dinnah inside
د مخکې da makhkeh before
د وروسته da warosta after
د سره da sara with

Usage of Prepositions in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a list of common prepositions, let’s see how these words fit into sentences. Here are some examples that illustrate their usage:

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
کتاب په مېز باندې دی. kitab pa mez bande di. The book is on the table.
زه له تاسو سره یم. za la tasoo sara yem. I am with you.
دا کتاب د ښکلا لپاره دی. da kitab da shqala lparah di. This book is for beauty.
زه تر شپږو بجو پورې کار کوم. za tar shpaghu bajoo poray kar kum. I work until six o'clock.
زه مخکې له تاسو سره ځم. za makhkeh la tasoo sara zam. I am going before you.
هغه وروسته له کور نه لاړ. hagha warosta la kor na lard. He left after coming home.
دا د زوی کتاب دی. da da zooy kitab di. This is the son's book.
موږ په اړه د هغه خبرې کوو. mung pa arrah da hagha khabarey kawoo. We talk about him.
کلا د غر لاندې ده. kala da ghar landay de. The castle is under the mountain.
سپی د کلا پورته دی. spi da kala purta di. The dog is above the castle.
زه په وړاندې د کوره باران لرم. za pa wrande da kora baran laram. I have rain in front of the house.
تر څنګ یې د شپې خوب دی. tar tsang ye da shpa khub di. Next to him is the night’s sleep.
زه تر کندهار ته ځم. za tar Kandahar ta zam. I am going to Kandahar.
هغه له کابل نه راغی. hagha la Kabul na raghay. He came from Kabul.
موږ د لارې پرانستې کار کوو. mung da lara paranstay kar kawoo. We work along the road.
ماشوم د باندې دی. mashoom da bande de. The child is outside.
زه د دننه یم. za da dinnah yem. I am inside.
زه د مخې د کوره ځم. za da makhkeh da kora zam. I am going before the house.
هغه د وروسته د کوره لاړ. hagha da warosta da kora lard. He left after the house.
زه د سره له ملگرو یم. za da sara la malgaro yem. I am with friends.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help you practice using prepositions in Central Pashto.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the list provided.

1. زه ___ کتاب لولم. (I read a book.)

2. دا کمره ___ دی. (This camera is on the table.)

3. هغه ___ ښار دی. (He is from the city.)

4. موږ ___ کوره روان یو. (We are going to the house.)

5. زه ___ ملګري یم. (I am with friends.)

6. دغه کتاب ___ زیارت دی. (This book is about visiting.)

7. زه ___ تر څنګ یم. (I am next to him.)

8. دا ___ د پوهاند کتاب دی. (This is the professor's book.)

9. ___ باران کې ډیر خوند دی. (There is much joy in the rain.)

10. موږ ___ د لارې تیریږو. (We walk along the road.)

Solutions for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. په (pa)

2. باندې (bande)

3. نه (na)

4. ته (ta)

5. سره (sara)

6. په اړه (pa arrah)

7. تر (tar)

8. د (da)

9. په (pa)

10. د (da)

Exercise 2: Sentence formation[edit | edit source]

Use the following words to form sentences, incorporating the appropriate prepositions.

1. کتاب / مېز / دی (The book is on the table.)

2. زه / کور / ته / ځم (I am going to the house.)

3. هغه / له / ملګري / دی (He is with friends.)

4. باران / د / ښکلا / دی (The rain is beautiful.)

5. موږ / د / کلا / لاندې / یو (We are under the castle.)

Solutions for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. کتاب په مېز باندې دی. (Kitab pa mez bande di.)

2. زه کور ته ځم. (Za kor ta zam.)

3. هغه له ملګري سره دی. (Hagha la malgari sara di.)

4. باران د ښکلا دی. (Baran da shqala di.)

5. موږ د کلا لاندې یو. (Mung da kala landay yo.)

Exercise 3: Translation[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Central Pashto using the correct prepositions.

1. The cat is under the table.

2. We are going with friends.

3. The book is about history.

4. She lives in the city.

5. I will wait until tomorrow.

Solutions for Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. پیشو د مېز لاندې ده. (Pisho da mez landay de.)

2. موږ د ملګرو سره ځو. (Mung da malgaro sara zwo.)

3. کتاب د تاریخ په اړه دی. (Kitab da tareekh pa arrah di.)

4. هغې په ښار کې ژوند کوي. (Hagha pa shahr ke zindagi kawi.)

5. زه تر سبا پورې انتظار کوم. (Za tar saba poray intezar kum.)

Exercise 4: Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the English sentences with their Pashto translations.

1. I am outside.

2. The dog is above the roof.

3. We talk about life.

4. He came from the market.

5. The children are next to the school.

English Central Pashto
1. I am outside. زه د باندې یم.
2. The dog is above the roof. سپی د چت پورته دی.
3. We talk about life. موږ د ژوند په اړه خبرې کوو.
4. He came from the market. هغه د بازار نه راغی.
5. The children are next to the school. ماشومان د ښوونځي تر څنګ دي.

Exercise 5: Create Your Own[edit | edit source]

Write five sentences in Central Pashto using different prepositions.

Solutions for Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. کتاب په کتابتون کې دی. (Kitab pa ketabton ke di.) - The book is in the library.

2. زه د ملګرو سره یم. (Za da malgaro sara yem.) - I am with friends.

3. هغه د کلا لاندې دی. (Hagha da kala landay de.) - He is under the castle.

4. موږ د لارې پرانستې ځو. (Mung da lara paranstay zwo.) - We walk along the road.

5. زه تر دوو بجو پورې انتظار کوم. (Za tar doo bajoo poray intezar kum.) - I wait until two o'clock.

Summary and Review[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we delved into the world of common prepositions in Central Pashto. We learned about their meanings, saw them in action within sentences, and practiced using them through various exercises.

Prepositions are essential for constructing meaningful sentences and conveying relationships between different elements in your speech. As you continue your journey in learning Central Pashto, remember to pay attention to how prepositions are used in context, and don't hesitate to practice forming your sentences!

Keep practicing, and you will see your command of Central Pashto grow stronger with each lesson!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Personal Pronouns


Numbers and Counting


Basic Sentence Structure


Common Verbs


Present Tense


Food and Drink


Questions


Family and Relationships


Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives


House and Home


Prepositions


Hobbies and Activities


Past Tense


Travel and Transportation


Pashtun Customs and Traditions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Household Chores — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositions of Place ▶️

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