Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns

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Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Possessive Pronouns

Welcome to our lesson on Possessive Pronouns in Central Pashto! Understanding possessive pronouns is crucial for expressing ownership and relationships in any language. In Central Pashto, these pronouns help convey whose something is, making your communication more effective and nuanced. Whether you're talking about your family, belongings, or even abstract concepts, possessive pronouns are key to clarity.

In this lesson, we will cover the following:

What are Possessive Pronouns?

Possessive pronouns are words that indicate ownership. In English, we say "mine," "yours," "his," "hers," "ours," and "theirs." In Central Pashto, we have equivalent forms that serve the same purpose. These pronouns replace the noun and show to whom something belongs.

Forms of Possessive Pronouns in Central Pashto

In Central Pashto, possessive pronouns vary based on the person and number. Here’s a quick overview of the forms:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
زما	zama	my
ستا	sta	your (singular)
د هغه	da hagha	his
د هغې	da hagha	her
زموږ	zmaung	our
ستاسو	staso	your (plural/formal)
د هغوی	da haghoy	their

As you can see, the pronouns change depending on the subject. Let’s explore these in more detail.

Usage of Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Central Pashto are used to indicate ownership. They can be placed before or after the noun they refer to, depending on the context of the sentence.

For example:

• زما کتاب (zama kitab) - "my book"

• کتاب زما دی (kitab zama de) - "the book is mine"

In both cases, "زما" (zama) indicates that the book belongs to the speaker.

Examples of Possessive Pronouns in Sentences

Let’s look at some practical examples to see how these pronouns work in sentences:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
زما کور دی	zama kor de	This is my house.
ستا موټر ډیر ښکلی دی	sta motor der khkuli de	Your car is very beautiful.
د هغه کتاب دلته دی	da hagha kitab daltha de	His book is here.
د هغې کالي نوې دي	da hagha kali nowe de	Her clothes are new.
زموږ باغ ډیر لوی دی	zmaung bag der loy de	Our garden is very big.
ستاسو دوستان ډیر ښه دي	staso dostan der kha de	Your friends are very nice.
د هغوی کور نږدې دی	da haghoy kor nazde de	Their house is nearby.
زما پلار دی	zama plar de	This is my father.
ستا خور پخلی کوي	sta khor pakhli kawi	Your sister is cooking.
د هغه موټر خراب دی	da hagha motor kharab de	His car is broken.
د هغې دندې ته لاړ شه	da hagha dande ta lar sha	Go to her job.
زموږ ټولګي ته خوشحال یو	zmaung tolgi ta khushal yo	We are happy in our class.
د هغوی کتابونه ډیر ښه دي	da haghoy kitabuna der kha de	Their books are very good.
زما کشر ورور ښوونځي ته ځي	zama kashar waror khunzai ta zhi	My younger brother is going to school.
ستا زوی ډیر هوښیار دی	sta zoy der hoshiar de	Your son is very clever.
د هغه دندې ته لاړ شه	da hagha dande ta lar sha	Go to his job.
د هغې کالي رنګین دي	da hagha kali rangin de	Her clothes are colorful.
زموږ ملګري دلته دي	zmaung malgari daltha de	Our friends are here.
د هغوی کور د ښار په منځ کې دی	da haghoy kor da shar pa manz ke de	Their house is in the middle of the city.

As you can see, possessive pronouns play a crucial role in expressing ownership in a variety of contexts.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios

Now that we have learned about possessive pronouns, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises for you to practice.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronoun.

1. ___ کتاب دی. (My)

2. ___ موټر ډیر ښکلی دی. (Your singular)

3. دا ___ کور دی. (His)

4. ___ کالي نوې دي. (Her)

5. دا ___ باغ دی. (Our)

Solutions:

1. زما

2. ستا

3. د هغه

4. د هغې

5. زموږ

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following English sentences into Central Pashto using possessive pronouns.

1. This is my book.

2. Your sister is nice.

3. Their car is fast.

4. Our teacher is helpful.

5. His dog is friendly.

Solutions:

1. دا زما کتاب دی.

2. ستا خور ښه ده.

3. د هغوی موټر چټک دی.

4. زموږ ښوونکی مرسته کوي.

5. د هغه سپی دوستانه دی.

Exercise 3: Sentence Formation

Use the following words to create sentences using possessive pronouns.

1. garden / my

2. brother / your

3. house / our

4. friend / his

5. car / her

Solutions:

1. زما باغ دی.

2. ستا ورور دی.

3. زموږ کور دی.

4. د هغه ملګری دی.

5. د هغې موټر دی.

Exercise 4: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct possessive pronoun for the following sentences.

1. ___ کتاب زه لرم. (a) زما (b) ستا

2. ___ موټر د هغه دی. (a) د هغې (b) د هغه

3. ___ کور ته لاړ شه. (a) د هغوی (b) زموږ

Solutions:

1. (a) زما

2. (b) د هغه

3. (a) د هغوی

Exercise 5: Matching

Match the English sentences with their Central Pashto translations.

1. This is our house.

2. Your (plural) friends are here.

3. His sister is a doctor.

4. Her dress is beautiful.

5. My parents are kind.

A. زما والدین مهربان دي.

B. د هغې کالي ښکلی دی.

C. د هغه خور ډاکټر ده.

D. ستاسو ملګري دلته دي.

E. دا زموږ کور دی.

Solutions:

1 - E

2 - D

3 - C

4 - B

5 - A

Exercise 6: Create Your Own Sentences

Write five sentences using possessive pronouns in Central Pashto.

Solutions:

(Students' answers will vary. Encourage creativity and correct usage of possessive pronouns.)

Exercise 7: Rewrite the Sentences

Rewrite the following sentences by replacing the nouns with possessive pronouns.

1. The book of my father is old.

2. The car of my brother is new.

3. The house of their friend is big.

4. The toys of her children are colorful.

5. The garden of our neighbor is beautiful.

Solutions:

1. د پلار مې کتاب زوړ دی.

2. د ورور مې موټر نوې دی.

3. د ملګري په کور کې لوی دی.

4. د ماشومانو کالي رنګین دي.

5. د ګاونډي باغ ښکلی دی.

Exercise 8: True or False

State whether the following sentences are True or False.

1. "زما" means "his" in English.

2. "ستاسو" is a possessive pronoun for plural/formal "your."

3. "د هغوی" indicates ownership.

4. "زما" can be used to refer to "her."

5. "زما" is used for "my."

Solutions:

1. False

2. True

3. True

4. False

5. True

Exercise 9: Oral Practice

Practice speaking with a partner using possessive pronouns. Take turns asking each other questions like "What is your book?" or "Where is your house?"

Solutions:

(Encourage students to engage in conversation and correct each other gently.)

Exercise 10: Written Reflection

Write a short paragraph about your family using at least three possessive pronouns.

Solutions:

(Students' reflections will vary. Encourage them to practice forming sentences with correct possessive pronouns.)

In conclusion, mastering possessive pronouns is a significant step in your journey to fluency in Central Pashto. They enrich your language skills and allow for deeper connections in communication. Keep practicing, and soon you'll feel more confident in using them in daily conversations!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Personal Pronouns

• Subject Pronouns
• Object Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Counting

• Numbers 1-10
• Numbers 11-20

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb
• Negation

  ---

Common Verbs

• Action Verbs
• State Verbs

  ---

Present Tense

• Present Simple
• Present Continuous

  ---

Food and Drink

• Common Foods
• Common Drinks

  ---

Questions

• Yes/No Questions
• Wh-Questions

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives

• Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive Adjectives

  ---

House and Home

• Rooms and Furniture
• Household Chores

  ---

Prepositions

• Common Prepositions
• Prepositions of Place

  ---

Hobbies and Activities

• Common Hobbies
• Sports

  ---

Past Tense

• Past Simple
• Past Continuous

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Essentials

  ---

Pashtun Customs and Traditions

• Traditional Clothing
• Pashtun Cuisine

Other Lessons

• Gender
• Plurals
• Adjectives
• Subject Pronouns
• Past Simple
• Present Continuous
• Subject Object Verb
• Possessive Adjectives
• 0 to A1 Course

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