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{{Central-pashto-Page-Top}}
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Common Verbs → State Verbs</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → State Verbs</div>
 
Welcome to this exciting lesson on '''State Verbs''' in Central Pashto! Understanding state verbs is crucial for anyone looking to build a solid foundation in this beautiful language. State verbs express conditions or states of being rather than actions, making them essential for describing feelings, relationships, and characteristics.
 
In today's lesson, we will cover the following:
 
* '''What are State Verbs?'''
 
* '''Common State Verbs in Central Pashto'''
 
* '''Usage and Examples'''
 
* '''Practice Exercises'''
 
By the end of this lesson, you will not only know some essential state verbs in Central Pashto, but you will also be able to use them in sentences confidently. So, let’s dive in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What are State Verbs? ===
 
State verbs describe a situation that is more about a state of being rather than the action itself. These verbs are often used to express emotions, thoughts, relationships, and sensory perceptions. Unlike action verbs, which indicate physical actions, state verbs relate to the internal state of the subject.
 
For instance, in English, we say:
 
* "I love pizza." (state verb: love)
 
* "She seems happy." (state verb: seem)
 
In Central Pashto, understanding state verbs will help you describe how things are rather than what they do.
 
=== Common State Verbs in Central Pashto ===
 
Let's look at some common state verbs in Central Pashto, their pronunciations, and English translations.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| زوی (zoy) || /zɔːi/ || to be (permanent state)


Welcome to the lesson on Central Pashto state verbs! In this lesson, we will explore some common state verbs in Central Pashto, learn their meanings, and discover how to use them in sentences. State verbs are verbs that describe a state or condition rather than an action. By understanding and practicing these state verbs, you will be able to express various states or conditions in Central Pashto, expanding your vocabulary and ability to communicate effectively.
|-


This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Central Pashto Course" and is designed for complete beginners who are learning Central Pashto for the first time. By the end of this course, you will have acquired the necessary language skills to reach the A1 level in Central Pashto.
| دی (di) || /diː/ || to be (temporary state)


Let's dive into the fascinating world of Central Pashto state verbs!
|-


== Cultural Insights ==
| پوهیدل (pohēdal) || /puːhɪːdɑl/ || to understand


Before we begin exploring state verbs in Central Pashto, let's take a moment to appreciate the cultural significance of language. Central Pashto is an Indo-Iranian language spoken primarily by the Pashtun people, who are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pashto holds great importance in Pashtun culture, serving as a symbol of identity and heritage.
|-


The Pashtun people have a rich cultural history that spans centuries. They have a strong sense of community and value hospitality, honor, and loyalty. Pashtunwali, the traditional code of conduct for the Pashtun people, emphasizes concepts such as bravery, justice, and respect for others. Through learning Central Pashto, you not only gain linguistic skills but also gain insight into the Pashtun way of life and their unique cultural practices.
| مینه کول (mīna kol) || /miːnɑ kɔl/ || to love


== State Verbs in Central Pashto ==
|-


State verbs in Central Pashto are used to describe a state or condition. They do not indicate an action or a change in state. Understanding how to use state verbs is essential for expressing various states or conditions accurately. Let's explore some common state verbs in Central Pashto and learn how to use them in sentences.
| مالومیدل (mālūmīdal) || /mɑːlʊmɪːdɑl/ || to be known


=== State Verb 1: دا دی ===
|-


The state verb "دا دی" (da de) is used to express possession or ownership. It is similar to the English verb "to have." Let's see some examples:
| خفه کیدل (khafā kidal) || /xəfæ kɪdɑl/ || to be sad


{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| زه په کور کې یم. || zə pə kɔːr ke yəm. || I have a house.
 
| خوشحال کیدل (khoshāl kidal) || /xʊʃhɑːl kɪdɑl/ || to be happy
 
|-
|-
| آپ په دفتر کې یئ. || ɑp pə dəftar ke ye. || You have a office.
 
| اړتیا لرل (ārya laral) || /ɑːrjtjɑː lɛrɑl/ || to need
 
|-
|-
| دا خوا لرم. || da xwɑː lərm. || He/she has a brother.
 
| غمجن کیدل (ghamjan kidal) || /ɡʌmʤən kɪdɑl/ || to be sorrowful
 
|-
|-
| موږ په کتابونه کې یو. || məwɡ pə kətɑːbuna ke ju. || We have a book.
|}


In the examples above, we see how the state verb "دا دی" (da de) is used to express possession or ownership. This verb is conjugated based on the subject of the sentence, and the possessed item follows the verb.
| ظاهریدل (zāhirīdal) || /zɑːhɪrɪːdɑl/ || to appear


=== State Verb 2: شو ===
|-


The state verb "شو" (shu) is used to express a state of being or existence. It is similar to the English verb "to be." Let's look at some examples:
| شکر کول (shukr kol) || /ʃʊkʊr kɔl/ || to be grateful


{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| زه ډاکټر یم. || zə dɑːktər yəm. || I am a doctor.
 
| پوهیدل (pohēdal) || /puːhɪːdɑl/ || to realize
 
|-
|-
| آپ معلم یئ. || ɑp məʊləm ye. || You are a teacher.
 
| تعلق لرل (ta'alluq laral) || /tæʔʊlʊq lɛrɑl/ || to relate
 
|-
|-
| هغه انجنير دي. || həɣə əndʒənɪər di. || He/she is an engineer.
 
| انتظار کول (entezār kol) || /ɪntɛzɑːr kɔl/ || to expect
 
|-
|-
| موږ دوستان یو. || məwɡ dəstɑːn ju. || We are friends.
|}


In these examples, the state verb "شو" (shu) is used to describe a state of being or existence. The verb is conjugated according to the subject of the sentence, and the noun or adjective that describes the state follows the verb.
| راضي کیدل (rāzī kidal) || /rɑːziː kɪdɑl/ || to be satisfied


=== State Verb 3: لري ===
|-


The state verb "لري" (ləri) is used to express possession or ownership. It is similar to the English verb "to have." Let's see some examples:
| خوند اخیستل (khwand akhistal) || /xʊnd ɑkʰɪstɑl/ || to enjoy


{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| زه کتاب لرم. || zə kətɑːb lərm. || I have a book.
 
| تمنا لرل (tamāna laral) || /tæmɑːnɑ lɛrɑl/ || to desire
 
|-
|-
| آپ زوړه لرئ. || ɑp zɔːrə lərə. || You have a house.
 
| یادول (yādol) || /jɑːdɔl/ || to remember
 
|-
|-
| هغه ماشین لرې. || həɣə mɑːʃiːn ləre. || He/she has a car.
 
| رشته لرل (rishta laral) || /rɪʃtɑ lɛrɑl/ || to have a relationship
 
|-
|-
| موږ بچې لري. || məwɡ bətʃe ləri. || We have children.
 
| غمجن کیدل (ghamjan kidal) || /ɡʌmʤən kɪdɑl/ || to be heartbroken
 
|}
|}


In these examples, the state verb "لري" (ləri) is used to express possession or ownership. It is conjugated based on the subject of the sentence, and the possessed item follows the verb.
=== Usage of State Verbs ===
 
State verbs are typically used in simple sentences. They can be combined with adjectives to provide more information about the subject. Here are a few examples:
 
* '''زوی خوشحال دی.'''
 
* ''Zoy khoshāl di.''
 
* ''The boy is happy.''
 
* '''هغه پوهیږي.'''
 
* ''Haga pohēgi.''
 
* ''He understands.''
 
* '''زه مینه لرم.'''
 
* ''Za mīna laram.''
 
* ''I love (it).''
 
=== Practical Examples ===
 
To further illustrate the uses of state verbs, here are some sentences that show how these verbs fit into everyday conversations:
 
* '''زه خفه یم.'''
 
* ''Za khafa yam.''
 
* ''I am sad.''
 
* '''دا کتاب مالوم دی.'''
 
* ''Dā kitāb mālūm di.''
 
* ''This book is known.''
 
* '''ماته شکر دی.'''
 
* ''Māta shukr di.''
 
* ''I am grateful.''
 
* '''هغه خوند اخلي.'''
 
* ''Haga khwand akhli.''
 
* ''He enjoys it.''
 
* '''زما اړیکه راضي ده.'''
 
* ''Zma āriqa rāzī da.''
 
* ''My relationship is satisfactory.''
 
* '''هغوی تمنا لري.'''
 
* ''Haghoī tamāna lari.''
 
* ''They have a desire.''
 
* '''دا ځای ظاهریږي.'''
 
* ''Dā zāy zāhirīgi.''
 
* ''This place appears (nice).''
 
* '''زه یاد لرم.'''
 
* ''Za yād laram.''
 
* ''I remember.''
 
* '''هغه د خپل کورنی سره تعلق لري.'''
 
* ''Haga da khpal kornī sara ta'alluq lari.''
 
* ''He relates to his family.''
 
* '''زه انتظار کوم.'''
 
* ''Za entezaar kum.''
 
* ''I am expecting.''
 
=== Summary of State Verbs ===
 
To summarize, state verbs are essential components of language that help express states of being, emotions, and relationships. Familiarizing yourself with these verbs will significantly enhance your ability to communicate in Central Pashto.


== Practice Exercises ==
== Practice Exercises ==


Now it's time for you to practice using state verbs in Central Pashto! Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate form of the state verb given in parentheses. The answers will be provided after each exercise for you to check your understanding.
Now that we’ve covered the vocabulary and examples, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct state verb from the box below:
 
1. زه ______ (love) د کتاب.
 
2. هغه ______ (understand) د موضوع.
 
3. موږ ______ (need) مرسته.
 
4. تاسو ______ (remember) دا ورځ.
 
5. هغه ______ (appear) خوشحال.
 
'''State Verbs:''' مینه کول (mīna kol), پوهیدل (pohēdal), اړتیا لرل (ārya laral), یادول (yādol), ظاهریدل (zāhirīdal).
 
=== Exercise 2: Translation ===
 
Translate the following sentences into Central Pashto:
 
1. I am happy.
 
2. She feels sad.
 
3. They love their family.
 
4. He needs help.
 
5. We remember our past.
 
=== Exercise 3: Sentence Creation ===
 
Create sentences using the following state verbs:
 
1. خفه کیدل (khafā kidal) - to be sad
 
2. راضي کیدل (rāzī kidal) - to be satisfied
 
3. شکر کول (shukr kol) - to be grateful
 
4. انتظار کول (entezār kol) - to expect
 
5. تعلق لرل (ta'alluq laral) - to relate
 
=== Exercise 4: Matching ===
 
Match the state verbs in Central Pashto with their English meanings:
 
1. غمجن کیدل
 
2. مینه کول
 
3. پوهیدل
 
4. خوند اخیستل
 
5. مالومیدل
 
a. to love 
 
b. to be known 
 
c. to be sorrowful 
 
d. to enjoy 
 
e. to understand 
 
=== Exercise 5: Fill in the Chart ===
 
Complete the chart with the appropriate state verb in Central Pashto and its English translation.
 
| Central Pashto        | English            |
 
|-----------------------|--------------------|
 
| خفه کیدل              |                    |
 
| شکر کول              |                    |
 
| مینه کول              |                    |
 
| پوهیدل                |                    |
 
| ظاهریدل              |                    |
 
=== Solutions and Explanations ===
 
Below are the answers to the exercises along with brief explanations:
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank ===
 
1. زه '''مینه لرم''' د کتاب. (I love the book.)
 
2. هغه '''پوهیږي''' د موضوع. (He understands the topic.)
 
3. موږ '''ارټیا لرل''' مرسته. (We need help.)
 
4. تاسو '''یاد لری''' دا ورځ. (You remember this day.)
 
5. هغه '''ظاهریږي''' خوشحال. (He appears happy.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translation ===
 
1. زه خوشحال یم. (I am happy.)
 
2. هغه خفه احساس کوي. (She feels sad.)
 
3. هغوی د خپل کورنۍ سره مینه لري. (They love their family.)


=== Exercise 1: State Verb "دا دی" (da de) ===
4. هغه مرسته اړتیا لري. (He needs help.)


Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the state verb "دا دی" (da de).
5. موږ خپل تېر یادو. (We remember our past.)


1. زه یو ______ (کور) لرم.
=== Exercise 3: Sentence Creation ===
2. آپ یو ______ (دفتر) لرئ.
3. هغه یو ______ (خوا) لرې.
4. موږ یو ______ (کتابونه) لري.


Answers:
1. زه خفه یم. (I am sad.)
1. زه یو کور لرم.
2. آپ یو دفتر لرئ.
3. هغه یو خوا لرې.
4. موږ یو کتابونه لري.


=== Exercise 2: State Verb "شو" (shu) ===
2. هغه راضي دی. (He is satisfied.)


Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the state verb "شو" (shu).
3. زه شکر ادا کوم. (I am grateful.)


1. زه ډاکټر ______.
4. هغه انتظار کوي. (He is expecting.)
2. آپ معلم ______.
3. هغه انجنير ______.
4. موږ دوستان ______.


Answers:
5. موږ د خپلو دوستانو سره تعلق لرو. (We relate to our friends.)
1. زه ډاکټر یم.
2. آپ معلم یئ.
3. هغه انجنير دي.
4. موږ دوستان یو.


=== Exercise 3: State Verb "لري" (ləri) ===
=== Exercise 4: Matching ===


Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the state verb "لري" (ləri).
1-c, 2-a, 3-e, 4-d, 5-b.


1. زه کتاب ______.
=== Exercise 5: Fill in the Chart ===
2. آپ زوړه ______.
3. هغه ماشین ______.
4. موږ بچې ______.


Answers:
| Central Pashto        | English            |
1. زه کتاب لرم.
2. آپ زوړه لرئ.
3. هغه ماشین لرې.
4. موږ بچې لري.


== Conclusion ==
|-----------------------|--------------------|


Congratulations! You have successfully learned some common state verbs in Central Pashto. You can now describe various states or conditions using these verbs. Remember to practice using them in sentences to reinforce your understanding and improve your proficiency in Central Pashto.
| خفه کیدل              | to be sad          |


In this lesson, we explored the cultural significance of Central Pashto and its importance in Pashtun culture. By delving into the world of state verbs, we expanded our vocabulary and gained insight into the Pashtun way of life.
| شکر کول              | to be grateful      |


Continue practicing and exploring the Central Pashto language to further enhance your language skills. Keep up the great work, and best of luck on your language learning journey!
| مینه کول              | to love            |
 
| پوهیدل                | to understand      |
 
| ظاهریدل              | to appear          |
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson! Remember to practice these state verbs regularly to enhance your fluency in Central Pashto. Keep exploring, and don’t hesitate to ask questions if you need clarification. Happy learning!


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|description=In this lesson, you will learn some common state verbs in Central Pashto, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences. Explore the cultural significance of Central Pashto and gain insight into the Pashtun way of life.
 
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Latest revision as of 04:56, 2 August 2024

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Central PashtoVocabulary0 to A1 Course → State Verbs

Welcome to this exciting lesson on State Verbs in Central Pashto! Understanding state verbs is crucial for anyone looking to build a solid foundation in this beautiful language. State verbs express conditions or states of being rather than actions, making them essential for describing feelings, relationships, and characteristics.

In today's lesson, we will cover the following:

  • What are State Verbs?
  • Common State Verbs in Central Pashto
  • Usage and Examples
  • Practice Exercises

By the end of this lesson, you will not only know some essential state verbs in Central Pashto, but you will also be able to use them in sentences confidently. So, let’s dive in!

What are State Verbs?[edit | edit source]

State verbs describe a situation that is more about a state of being rather than the action itself. These verbs are often used to express emotions, thoughts, relationships, and sensory perceptions. Unlike action verbs, which indicate physical actions, state verbs relate to the internal state of the subject.

For instance, in English, we say:

  • "I love pizza." (state verb: love)
  • "She seems happy." (state verb: seem)

In Central Pashto, understanding state verbs will help you describe how things are rather than what they do.

Common State Verbs in Central Pashto[edit | edit source]

Let's look at some common state verbs in Central Pashto, their pronunciations, and English translations.

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زوی (zoy) /zɔːi/ to be (permanent state)
دی (di) /diː/ to be (temporary state)
پوهیدل (pohēdal) /puːhɪːdɑl/ to understand
مینه کول (mīna kol) /miːnɑ kɔl/ to love
مالومیدل (mālūmīdal) /mɑːlʊmɪːdɑl/ to be known
خفه کیدل (khafā kidal) /xəfæ kɪdɑl/ to be sad
خوشحال کیدل (khoshāl kidal) /xʊʃhɑːl kɪdɑl/ to be happy
اړتیا لرل (ārya laral) /ɑːrjtjɑː lɛrɑl/ to need
غمجن کیدل (ghamjan kidal) /ɡʌmʤən kɪdɑl/ to be sorrowful
ظاهریدل (zāhirīdal) /zɑːhɪrɪːdɑl/ to appear
شکر کول (shukr kol) /ʃʊkʊr kɔl/ to be grateful
پوهیدل (pohēdal) /puːhɪːdɑl/ to realize
تعلق لرل (ta'alluq laral) /tæʔʊlʊq lɛrɑl/ to relate
انتظار کول (entezār kol) /ɪntɛzɑːr kɔl/ to expect
راضي کیدل (rāzī kidal) /rɑːziː kɪdɑl/ to be satisfied
خوند اخیستل (khwand akhistal) /xʊnd ɑkʰɪstɑl/ to enjoy
تمنا لرل (tamāna laral) /tæmɑːnɑ lɛrɑl/ to desire
یادول (yādol) /jɑːdɔl/ to remember
رشته لرل (rishta laral) /rɪʃtɑ lɛrɑl/ to have a relationship
غمجن کیدل (ghamjan kidal) /ɡʌmʤən kɪdɑl/ to be heartbroken

Usage of State Verbs[edit | edit source]

State verbs are typically used in simple sentences. They can be combined with adjectives to provide more information about the subject. Here are a few examples:

  • زوی خوشحال دی.
  • Zoy khoshāl di.
  • The boy is happy.
  • هغه پوهیږي.
  • Haga pohēgi.
  • He understands.
  • زه مینه لرم.
  • Za mīna laram.
  • I love (it).

Practical Examples[edit | edit source]

To further illustrate the uses of state verbs, here are some sentences that show how these verbs fit into everyday conversations:

  • زه خفه یم.
  • Za khafa yam.
  • I am sad.
  • دا کتاب مالوم دی.
  • Dā kitāb mālūm di.
  • This book is known.
  • ماته شکر دی.
  • Māta shukr di.
  • I am grateful.
  • هغه خوند اخلي.
  • Haga khwand akhli.
  • He enjoys it.
  • زما اړیکه راضي ده.
  • Zma āriqa rāzī da.
  • My relationship is satisfactory.
  • هغوی تمنا لري.
  • Haghoī tamāna lari.
  • They have a desire.
  • دا ځای ظاهریږي.
  • Dā zāy zāhirīgi.
  • This place appears (nice).
  • زه یاد لرم.
  • Za yād laram.
  • I remember.
  • هغه د خپل کورنی سره تعلق لري.
  • Haga da khpal kornī sara ta'alluq lari.
  • He relates to his family.
  • زه انتظار کوم.
  • Za entezaar kum.
  • I am expecting.

Summary of State Verbs[edit | edit source]

To summarize, state verbs are essential components of language that help express states of being, emotions, and relationships. Familiarizing yourself with these verbs will significantly enhance your ability to communicate in Central Pashto.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we’ve covered the vocabulary and examples, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct state verb from the box below:

1. زه ______ (love) د کتاب.

2. هغه ______ (understand) د موضوع.

3. موږ ______ (need) مرسته.

4. تاسو ______ (remember) دا ورځ.

5. هغه ______ (appear) خوشحال.

State Verbs: مینه کول (mīna kol), پوهیدل (pohēdal), اړتیا لرل (ārya laral), یادول (yādol), ظاهریدل (zāhirīdal).

Exercise 2: Translation[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Central Pashto:

1. I am happy.

2. She feels sad.

3. They love their family.

4. He needs help.

5. We remember our past.

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following state verbs:

1. خفه کیدل (khafā kidal) - to be sad

2. راضي کیدل (rāzī kidal) - to be satisfied

3. شکر کول (shukr kol) - to be grateful

4. انتظار کول (entezār kol) - to expect

5. تعلق لرل (ta'alluq laral) - to relate

Exercise 4: Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the state verbs in Central Pashto with their English meanings:

1. غمجن کیدل

2. مینه کول

3. پوهیدل

4. خوند اخیستل

5. مالومیدل

a. to love

b. to be known

c. to be sorrowful

d. to enjoy

e. to understand

Exercise 5: Fill in the Chart[edit | edit source]

Complete the chart with the appropriate state verb in Central Pashto and its English translation.

| Central Pashto | English |

|-----------------------|--------------------|

| خفه کیدل | |

| شکر کول | |

| مینه کول | |

| پوهیدل | |

| ظاهریدل | |

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Below are the answers to the exercises along with brief explanations:

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank[edit | edit source]

1. زه مینه لرم د کتاب. (I love the book.)

2. هغه پوهیږي د موضوع. (He understands the topic.)

3. موږ ارټیا لرل مرسته. (We need help.)

4. تاسو یاد لری دا ورځ. (You remember this day.)

5. هغه ظاهریږي خوشحال. (He appears happy.)

Exercise 2: Translation[edit | edit source]

1. زه خوشحال یم. (I am happy.)

2. هغه خفه احساس کوي. (She feels sad.)

3. هغوی د خپل کورنۍ سره مینه لري. (They love their family.)

4. هغه مرسته اړتیا لري. (He needs help.)

5. موږ خپل تېر یادو. (We remember our past.)

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

1. زه خفه یم. (I am sad.)

2. هغه راضي دی. (He is satisfied.)

3. زه شکر ادا کوم. (I am grateful.)

4. هغه انتظار کوي. (He is expecting.)

5. موږ د خپلو دوستانو سره تعلق لرو. (We relate to our friends.)

Exercise 4: Matching[edit | edit source]

1-c, 2-a, 3-e, 4-d, 5-b.

Exercise 5: Fill in the Chart[edit | edit source]

| Central Pashto | English |

|-----------------------|--------------------|

| خفه کیدل | to be sad |

| شکر کول | to be grateful |

| مینه کول | to love |

| پوهیدل | to understand |

| ظاهریدل | to appear |

Congratulations on completing this lesson! Remember to practice these state verbs regularly to enhance your fluency in Central Pashto. Keep exploring, and don’t hesitate to ask questions if you need clarification. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Personal Pronouns


Numbers and Counting


Basic Sentence Structure


Common Verbs


Present Tense


Food and Drink


Questions


Family and Relationships


Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives


House and Home


Prepositions


Hobbies and Activities


Past Tense


Travel and Transportation


Pashtun Customs and Traditions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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