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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Subject-Object-Verb</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Sentence Structure → Subject-Object-Verb</div>
Welcome to this exciting lesson on Central Pashto grammar! Today, we will focus on one of the foundational aspects of the language: the '''Subject-Object-Verb (SOV)''' sentence structure. Understanding this structure is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Central Pashto, as it forms the backbone of how sentences are constructed in everyday conversations.
 
'''Why is SOV important?''' In languages like English, we typically use a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure. However, Central Pashto follows the SOV pattern, which might feel unusual at first but is essential for forming grammatically correct sentences. By mastering this structure, you will be able to express yourself with clarity and confidence.
 
In this lesson, we will:
 
* Define the SOV structure and its components.
 
* Provide numerous examples to illustrate how it works.
 
* Engage in exercises to practice forming sentences using the SOV format.
 
So, let’s dive in and explore the wonderful world of Central Pashto sentences!


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Introduction</h1>
=== Understanding SOV Structure ===
 
At its core, the SOV structure consists of three main components:
 
* '''Subject (S)''': The doer of the action.
 
* '''Object (O)''': The receiver of the action.
 
* '''Verb (V)''': The action itself.
 
In Central Pashto, the typical order in a basic sentence is:
 
1. '''Subject'''
 
2. '''Object'''
 
3. '''Verb'''
 
For example, in English, you might say:
 
* "The boy (S) eats (V) an apple (O)."
 
In Central Pashto, this would be structured as:
 
* "The boy (S) an apple (O) eats (V)."
 
This rearrangement is key to forming correct sentences in Pashto.
 
=== Examples of SOV Structure ===
 
Let’s look at some examples to better understand how this works. Below is a table illustrating various SOV sentences in Central Pashto.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| زوی کتاب لولي || Zoy kitaab lolī || The boy reads a book
 
|-
 
| زه چای څښم || Za chāy tsḩam || I drink tea
 
|-
 
| هغه کالي ګوري || Hagha kāli gūrī || He sees the clothes
 
|-
 
| دوی کتا بونه لیکي || Doy kitaabuna leki || They write letters
 
|-
 
| ما مڼه خوري || Mā māna khorī || I eat an apple
 
|-
 
| هغه د کتاب سره لوبه کوي || Hagha da kitaab sara loba kawī || She plays with the book
 
|-
 
| موږ د سړو میوې خوړو || Mūḡ da sarḍo mīwe khwṛo || We eat cold fruits
 
|-
 
| د ماشومانو لپاره لوبې جوړوي || Da māšūmāno lāpara lobē jōrwī || They make games for children
 
|-
 
| هغه د کور څنګ ته ځي || Hagha da kor tsang ta zī || He goes to the side of the house
 
|-
 
| تاسو د سبو پخلی کوئ || Tāso da sabo pakhli kawē || You cook the vegetables
 
|-
 
| زوی د موټر چلوونکی دی || Zoy da mōṭar chalōnki di || The boy is the driver of the car
 
|-
 
| زه د کتاب پاڼه مومم || Za da kitaab pāna mūm || I find the page of the book
 
|-
 
| هغه د ګلانو بڼ ته ځي || Hagha da gulanō ban ta zī || She goes to the flower garden
 
|-
 
| هغه د کلا کلاسي ته ځي || Hagha da kala klasī ta zī || He goes to the castle
 
|-
 
| موږ د میوو د سیر لپاره ځو || Mūḡ da mīwo da sēr lāpara zō || We go for the fruit tour
 
|-
 
| زه د کور کاشی ته ځم || Za da kor kāshi ta zam || I go to the house roof
 
|-
 
| هغه د کلي سړک ته ځي || Hagha da kili sarak ta zī || He goes to the village road
 
|-
 
| دوی د زراعت په اړه خبرې کوي || Doy da zara'at pa ara khabare kawē || They talk about agriculture
 
|-
 
| ما د غنمو د کښت لپاره پلان جوړ کړی || Mā da ghanamo da kasht lāpara plān jōr krai || I made a plan for wheat cultivation
 
|-
 
| هغه د کتاب د لوستلو لپاره ځي || Hagha da kitaab da lōstalo lāpara zī || He goes to read the book
 
|}
 
=== Importance of Word Order ===
 
Word order is crucial in Central Pashto. Deviating from the SOV structure can lead to confusion or misinterpretation of the intended meaning. Here are a few points to keep in mind:
 
* '''Clarity''': Following the SOV structure helps listeners understand who is doing what in a sentence.
 
* '''Context''': Sometimes, additional context can change the meaning of a sentence, so the correct order ensures clarity.
 
* '''Verb Conjugation''': In Pashto, verbs are conjugated based on the subject’s gender and number. This conjugation often comes at the end of the sentence.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now, let’s put your understanding of the SOV structure to the test! Below are 10 exercises that will help reinforce what you've learned.
 
==== Exercise 1: Translate the Following Sentences ====
 
Translate the following English sentences into Central Pashto using the SOV structure:
 
1. The girl drinks water.
 
2. I play football.
 
3. They see the stars.
 
4. We eat rice.
 
5. He writes a letter.
 
==== Exercise 2: Identify the Parts of the Sentence ====
 
For each of the following Pashto sentences, identify the subject, object, and verb.
 
1. زه د کالي پلورم || Za da kāli plūrəm || I sell clothes.
 
2. هغه کتاب لوستې || Hagha kitaab lōstē || She read a book.
 
3. دوی د سبو پخلی کوي || Doy da sabo pakhli kawē || They cook the vegetables.
 
4. ما د کندهار سفر وکړ || Mā da Kandahār safar wakr || I traveled to Kandahar.
 
==== Exercise 3: Rearrange the Words ====
 
Rearrange the following words to create correct SOV sentences in Pashto.
 
1. کتاب / زه / لولم
 
2. میوه / هغه / خوري
 
3. کالی / موږ / پلورو
 
4. د کور / زه / ساتم
 
==== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in Pashto.
 
1. زه (چای) ________.
 
2. هغه (کتاب) ________.
 
3. موږ (لوبه) ________.
 
4. دوی (مڼه) ________.
 
==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Using the vocabulary you have learned, create five SOV sentences in Pashto.
 
==== Exercise 6: Correct the Errors ====
 
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences:
 
1. زه کتاب لولي.
 
2. هغه خوري میوه.
 
3. دوی کالی پلورم.
 
==== Exercise 7: Matching Exercise ====
 
Match the English sentences with their correct Pashto translations.
 
1. I eat bread.
 
2. The boy plays.
 
3. They see the moon.
 
4. She reads a story.
 
| Match      | Central Pashto Sentence          |
 
|------------|----------------------------------|
 
| A          | زه نان خورم.                      |
 
| B          | هغه افسانه لولي.                |


<p>Welcome to the Central Pashto course! This lesson is about the basic sentence structure in Central Pashto. We will focus on the subject-object-verb (SOV) structure, which is the most common sentence structure in Pashto. Understanding the SOV structure is crucial to forming simple sentences in Central Pashto.</p>
| C          | دوی سپوږمۍ ګوري.               |


<p>We will begin by discussing the importance of word order in Pashto sentences. Then we will move on to practicing forming SOV sentences, which will help you get comfortable with the sentence structure. Finally, we will provide you with some rules on SOV sentence formation and some examples.</p>
| D          | زوی لوبه کوي.                   |


<h1>Word Order in Central Pashto Sentences</h1>
==== Exercise 8: Create Questions ====


<p>Word order is vitally important in Central Pashto sentences. The order in which the subject, object, and verb appear determines the meaning of the sentence. Unlike English, which follows the subject-verb-object (SVO) pattern, Central Pashto follows the SOV pattern. In SOV sentences, the verb comes at the end of the sentence.</p>
Transform the following statements into questions while maintaining the SOV structure.


<p>Let's take a look at the following sentence to understand the SOV pattern: </p>
1. زه کتاب لولم. (I read a book.)


<p style="text-align:center">"زما براچی سټيوری دی."</p>
2. هغه چای څښي. (He drinks tea.)


<p>The above sentence translates to "My brother is telling a story." Now let's break down the sentence structure and see how the SOV pattern works:</p>
==== Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation ====


<table style="width:100%">
Change the following SOV sentences into negative forms.
<tr>
<th>Central Pashto</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>


<tr>
1. زه کتاب لولم.
<td>"زما"</td>
<td>"zəma"</td>
<td>"my"</td>
</tr>


<tr>
2. هغه د کور څنګ ته ځي.
<td>"براچی"</td>
<td>"brɑt͡ʃi"</td>
<td>"brother"</td>
</tr>


<tr>
==== Exercise 10: Discussion Prompts ====
<td>"سټيوری"</td>
<td>"stóri"</td>
<td>"story"</td>
</tr>


<tr>
Discuss with a partner about your daily activities using SOV sentences. Provide at least five sentences.
<td>"دی"</td>
<td>"di"</td>
<td>"is/are/am"</td>
</tr>
</table>


<p>As we can see, the sentence follows the SOV pattern with the verb "is" at the end of the sentence. Now, let's practice forming some simple SOV sentences.</p>
=== Solutions and Explanations ===


<h1>Forming Simple SOV Sentences</h1>
Now, let’s go through the solutions to the exercises:


<p>Let's look at some simple sentences made up of subject, object, and verb in Pashto:</p>
==== Exercise 1: Solutions ====


<ul>
1. نجلۍ اوبه څښي || Najlay obeh tsḩī || The girl drinks water.
<li>زه هټه کوم.</li>
<li>ته په خپل سر کې دي.</li>
<li>ستاسو وړاندې صاف دی.</li>
<li>زه خوب یم.</li>
</ul>


<p>Can you guess what these sentences mean? Read on to find out!</p>
2. زه فټبال لوبیږم || Za football lobīḡam || I play football.


<h2>Example Sentences</h2>
3. دوی ستوري ګوري || Doy stōrī gūrī || They see the stars.


<table style="width:100%">
4. موږ وړه خوراک کوو || Mūḡ wrā khōrāk kawō || We eat rice.
<tr>
<th>Central Pashto</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>


<tr>
5. هغه لیک د ليکي || Hagha leyk da likī || He writes a letter.
<td>"زه هټه کوم."</td>
<td>"za hatta kóom."</td>
<td>"I am hungry."</td>
</tr>


<tr>
==== Exercise 2: Solutions ====
<td>"ته په خپل سر کې دي."</td>
<td>"ta pə khpal sar ke di."</td>
<td>"You have it on your head."</td>
</tr>


<tr>
1. '''Subject''': زه (Za) - I, '''Object''': کالي (kāli) - clothes, '''Verb''': پلورم (plūrəm) - sell.
<td>"ستاسو وړاندې صاف دی."</td>
<td>"stasə wrándə sáf di."</td>
<td>"Your room is clean."</td>
</tr>


<tr>
2. '''Subject''': هغه (Hagha) - She, '''Object''': کتاب (kitaab) - book, '''Verb''': لوستې (lōstē) - read.
<td>"زه خوب یم."</td>
<td>"za xwob yam."</td>
<td>"I am good."</td>
</tr>
</table>


<p>Great job! You are well on your way to mastering the SOV sentence structure in Central Pashto. Let's now take a look at some rules and examples for forming SOV sentences.</p>
3. '''Subject''': دوی (Doy) - They, '''Object''': سبو (sabo) - vegetables, '''Verb''': پخلی کوي (pakhli kawē) - cook.


<h1>Rules for Forming SOV Sentences</h1>
4. '''Subject''': ما (Mā) - I, '''Object''': کندهار (Kandahār) - Kandahar, '''Verb''': سفر وکړ (safar wakr) - traveled.


<p>In Central Pashto, most sentences follow the SOV structure. Here are some basic rules to help you form SOV sentences correctly:</p>
==== Exercise 3: Solutions ====


<ul>
1. زه کتاب لولم || Za kitaab lolām || I read a book.
<li>The subject comes first, followed by the object, and finally the verb.</li>
<li>Adjectives and adverbs come immediately before the word they modify.</li>
<li>Prepositions come immediately before the noun they modify.</li>
<li>Nouns are inflected based on case, which changes the form of the word depending on its function in the sentence. There are four cases in Pashto: nominative, accusative, genitive, and oblique.</li>
</ul>


<p>Let's look at some examples to clarify these rules:</p>
2. هغه میوه خوري || Hagha māna khorī || He eats the fruit.


<table style="width:100%">
3. موږ کالی پلورو || Mūḡ kāli plūrū || We sell clothes.
<tr>
<th>Central Pashto</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>


<tr>
4. زه د کور ساتم || Za da kor sāṭam || I keep the house.
<td>"زه مور دې خوړوم."</td>
<td>"za mor de xworom."</td>
<td>"I am eating chicken."</td>
</tr>


<tr>
==== Exercise 4: Solutions ====
<td>"ستا سړی هلته کوم."</td>
<td>"stá saré hiltə kóom."</td>
<td>"We saw a beautiful flower."</td>
</tr>


<tr>
1. زه چای څښم || Za chāy tsḩam || I drink tea.
<td>"زموږ لاره به دې موږ درته کول دی."</td>
<td>"zmóə́ lárə be de móg dərte kóol di."</td>
<td>"We brought the books from the library."</td>
</tr>


<tr>
2. هغه کتاب لولي || Hagha kitaab loli || She reads the book.
<td>"ځل بچې څلري مې وايم."</td>
<td>"zal baché tsálari mé wayam."</td>
<td>"Yesterday I bought three dresses."</td>
</tr>
</table>


<p>Keep practicing and you will soon become an expert in forming SOV sentences! </p>
3. موږ لوبه کوو || Mūḡ lōba kawō || We play.


<h1>Conclusion</h1>
4. دوی مڼه خوري || Doy māna khorī || They eat the apple.


<p>Congratulations on completing this lesson on the basic sentence structure in Central Pashto! We hope that you have gained a good understanding of the SOV structure and are now able to form simple sentences with ease.</p>
==== Exercise 5: Solutions ====


<p>As you continue with the course, you will see more complex sentence structures and learn how to use different tenses, prepositions, and pronouns to express your ideas effectively in Central Pashto.</p>
(Individual answers will vary; encourage creativity!)


<p>Continue practicing and immersing yourself in Pashto language and culture as much as possible. This will help you improve your language skills and appreciate the rich traditions and customs of the Pashtun people.</p>
==== Exercise 6: Solutions ====
 
1. زه کتاب لولم. || I read a book.
 
2. هغه میوه خوري. || He eats fruit.
 
3. دوی کالی پلوري. || They sell clothes.
 
==== Exercise 7: Solutions ====
 
1. A: زه نان خورم. || Za nān khōrām || I eat bread.
 
2. D: هغه افسانه لولي. || Hagha afsāna lolī || She reads a story.
 
3. C: دوی سپوږمۍ ګوري. || Doy spōḡmai gūrī || They see the moon.
 
4. B: زوی لوبه کوي. || Zoy lōba kawī || The boy plays.
 
==== Exercise 8: Solutions ====
 
1. آیا زه کتاب لولم؟ || Ayā za kitaab lolām? || Do I read a book?
 
2. آیا هغه چای څښي؟ || Ayā hagha chāy tsḩī? || Does he drink tea?
 
==== Exercise 9: Solutions ====
 
1. زه کتاب نه لولم. || Za kitaab na lolām. || I do not read a book.
 
2. هغه د کور څنګ ته نه ځي. || Hagha da kor tsang ta na zī. || He does not go to the side of the house.
 
==== Exercise 10: Solutions ====
 
(Encourage students to share their sentences in pairs or groups.)
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations! You have successfully navigated through the complexities of the Subject-Object-Verb structure in Central Pashto. This lesson not only provided you with the foundational knowledge necessary for constructing sentences but also equipped you with practical exercises to reinforce your learning. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find that speaking Pashto becomes second nature!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Central Pashto Grammar → Basic Sentence Structure → Subject-Object-Verb
|keywords=Central Pashto, Pashto sentence structure, subject-object-verb, Pashtun culture
|description=This lesson introduces the basic sentence structure in Central Pashto. Learn about the subject-object-verb (SOV) pattern and practice forming simple sentences.}}


|title=Central Pashto Grammar: Mastering SOV Structure
|keywords=Central Pashto, SOV sentence structure, Pashto grammar, language learning, beginners
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Central Pashto's Subject-Object-Verb structure, with practical examples and exercises to enhance your understanding and fluency.
}}


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==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Past-Continuous|Past Continuous]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Past-Continuous|Past Continuous]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Present-Continuous|Present Continuous]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Present-Continuous|Present Continuous]]
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* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|Common Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|Common Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Wh-Questions|Wh Questions]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Wh-Questions|Wh Questions]]


{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}
{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Central-pashto/Vocabulary/Numbers-11-20|◀️ Numbers 11-20 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Negation|Next Lesson — Negation ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 04:54, 2 August 2024

◀️ Numbers 11-20 — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Negation ▶️

Afghanistan-Pashto-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Subject-Object-Verb

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Central Pashto grammar! Today, we will focus on one of the foundational aspects of the language: the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) sentence structure. Understanding this structure is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Central Pashto, as it forms the backbone of how sentences are constructed in everyday conversations.

Why is SOV important? In languages like English, we typically use a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure. However, Central Pashto follows the SOV pattern, which might feel unusual at first but is essential for forming grammatically correct sentences. By mastering this structure, you will be able to express yourself with clarity and confidence.

In this lesson, we will:

  • Define the SOV structure and its components.
  • Provide numerous examples to illustrate how it works.
  • Engage in exercises to practice forming sentences using the SOV format.

So, let’s dive in and explore the wonderful world of Central Pashto sentences!

Understanding SOV Structure[edit | edit source]

At its core, the SOV structure consists of three main components:

  • Subject (S): The doer of the action.
  • Object (O): The receiver of the action.
  • Verb (V): The action itself.

In Central Pashto, the typical order in a basic sentence is:

1. Subject

2. Object

3. Verb

For example, in English, you might say:

  • "The boy (S) eats (V) an apple (O)."

In Central Pashto, this would be structured as:

  • "The boy (S) an apple (O) eats (V)."

This rearrangement is key to forming correct sentences in Pashto.

Examples of SOV Structure[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at some examples to better understand how this works. Below is a table illustrating various SOV sentences in Central Pashto.

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زوی کتاب لولي Zoy kitaab lolī The boy reads a book
زه چای څښم Za chāy tsḩam I drink tea
هغه کالي ګوري Hagha kāli gūrī He sees the clothes
دوی کتا بونه لیکي Doy kitaabuna leki They write letters
ما مڼه خوري Mā māna khorī I eat an apple
هغه د کتاب سره لوبه کوي Hagha da kitaab sara loba kawī She plays with the book
موږ د سړو میوې خوړو Mūḡ da sarḍo mīwe khwṛo We eat cold fruits
د ماشومانو لپاره لوبې جوړوي Da māšūmāno lāpara lobē jōrwī They make games for children
هغه د کور څنګ ته ځي Hagha da kor tsang ta zī He goes to the side of the house
تاسو د سبو پخلی کوئ Tāso da sabo pakhli kawē You cook the vegetables
زوی د موټر چلوونکی دی Zoy da mōṭar chalōnki di The boy is the driver of the car
زه د کتاب پاڼه مومم Za da kitaab pāna mūm I find the page of the book
هغه د ګلانو بڼ ته ځي Hagha da gulanō ban ta zī She goes to the flower garden
هغه د کلا کلاسي ته ځي Hagha da kala klasī ta zī He goes to the castle
موږ د میوو د سیر لپاره ځو Mūḡ da mīwo da sēr lāpara zō We go for the fruit tour
زه د کور کاشی ته ځم Za da kor kāshi ta zam I go to the house roof
هغه د کلي سړک ته ځي Hagha da kili sarak ta zī He goes to the village road
دوی د زراعت په اړه خبرې کوي Doy da zara'at pa ara khabare kawē They talk about agriculture
ما د غنمو د کښت لپاره پلان جوړ کړی Mā da ghanamo da kasht lāpara plān jōr krai I made a plan for wheat cultivation
هغه د کتاب د لوستلو لپاره ځي Hagha da kitaab da lōstalo lāpara zī He goes to read the book

Importance of Word Order[edit | edit source]

Word order is crucial in Central Pashto. Deviating from the SOV structure can lead to confusion or misinterpretation of the intended meaning. Here are a few points to keep in mind:

  • Clarity: Following the SOV structure helps listeners understand who is doing what in a sentence.
  • Context: Sometimes, additional context can change the meaning of a sentence, so the correct order ensures clarity.
  • Verb Conjugation: In Pashto, verbs are conjugated based on the subject’s gender and number. This conjugation often comes at the end of the sentence.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s put your understanding of the SOV structure to the test! Below are 10 exercises that will help reinforce what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Translate the Following Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English sentences into Central Pashto using the SOV structure:

1. The girl drinks water.

2. I play football.

3. They see the stars.

4. We eat rice.

5. He writes a letter.

Exercise 2: Identify the Parts of the Sentence[edit | edit source]

For each of the following Pashto sentences, identify the subject, object, and verb.

1. زه د کالي پلورم || Za da kāli plūrəm || I sell clothes.

2. هغه کتاب لوستې || Hagha kitaab lōstē || She read a book.

3. دوی د سبو پخلی کوي || Doy da sabo pakhli kawē || They cook the vegetables.

4. ما د کندهار سفر وکړ || Mā da Kandahār safar wakr || I traveled to Kandahar.

Exercise 3: Rearrange the Words[edit | edit source]

Rearrange the following words to create correct SOV sentences in Pashto.

1. کتاب / زه / لولم

2. میوه / هغه / خوري

3. کالی / موږ / پلورو

4. د کور / زه / ساتم

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in Pashto.

1. زه (چای) ________.

2. هغه (کتاب) ________.

3. موږ (لوبه) ________.

4. دوی (مڼه) ________.

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the vocabulary you have learned, create five SOV sentences in Pashto.

Exercise 6: Correct the Errors[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences:

1. زه کتاب لولي.

2. هغه خوري میوه.

3. دوی کالی پلورم.

Exercise 7: Matching Exercise[edit | edit source]

Match the English sentences with their correct Pashto translations.

1. I eat bread.

2. The boy plays.

3. They see the moon.

4. She reads a story.

| Match | Central Pashto Sentence |

|------------|----------------------------------|

| A | زه نان خورم. |

| B | هغه افسانه لولي. |

| C | دوی سپوږمۍ ګوري. |

| D | زوی لوبه کوي. |

Exercise 8: Create Questions[edit | edit source]

Transform the following statements into questions while maintaining the SOV structure.

1. زه کتاب لولم. (I read a book.)

2. هغه چای څښي. (He drinks tea.)

Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Change the following SOV sentences into negative forms.

1. زه کتاب لولم.

2. هغه د کور څنګ ته ځي.

Exercise 10: Discussion Prompts[edit | edit source]

Discuss with a partner about your daily activities using SOV sentences. Provide at least five sentences.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s go through the solutions to the exercises:

Exercise 1: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. نجلۍ اوبه څښي || Najlay obeh tsḩī || The girl drinks water.

2. زه فټبال لوبیږم || Za football lobīḡam || I play football.

3. دوی ستوري ګوري || Doy stōrī gūrī || They see the stars.

4. موږ وړه خوراک کوو || Mūḡ wrā khōrāk kawō || We eat rice.

5. هغه لیک د ليکي || Hagha leyk da likī || He writes a letter.

Exercise 2: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Subject: زه (Za) - I, Object: کالي (kāli) - clothes, Verb: پلورم (plūrəm) - sell.

2. Subject: هغه (Hagha) - She, Object: کتاب (kitaab) - book, Verb: لوستې (lōstē) - read.

3. Subject: دوی (Doy) - They, Object: سبو (sabo) - vegetables, Verb: پخلی کوي (pakhli kawē) - cook.

4. Subject: ما (Mā) - I, Object: کندهار (Kandahār) - Kandahar, Verb: سفر وکړ (safar wakr) - traveled.

Exercise 3: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. زه کتاب لولم || Za kitaab lolām || I read a book.

2. هغه میوه خوري || Hagha māna khorī || He eats the fruit.

3. موږ کالی پلورو || Mūḡ kāli plūrū || We sell clothes.

4. زه د کور ساتم || Za da kor sāṭam || I keep the house.

Exercise 4: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. زه چای څښم || Za chāy tsḩam || I drink tea.

2. هغه کتاب لولي || Hagha kitaab loli || She reads the book.

3. موږ لوبه کوو || Mūḡ lōba kawō || We play.

4. دوی مڼه خوري || Doy māna khorī || They eat the apple.

Exercise 5: Solutions[edit | edit source]

(Individual answers will vary; encourage creativity!)

Exercise 6: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. زه کتاب لولم. || I read a book.

2. هغه میوه خوري. || He eats fruit.

3. دوی کالی پلوري. || They sell clothes.

Exercise 7: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. A: زه نان خورم. || Za nān khōrām || I eat bread.

2. D: هغه افسانه لولي. || Hagha afsāna lolī || She reads a story.

3. C: دوی سپوږمۍ ګوري. || Doy spōḡmai gūrī || They see the moon.

4. B: زوی لوبه کوي. || Zoy lōba kawī || The boy plays.

Exercise 8: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. آیا زه کتاب لولم؟ || Ayā za kitaab lolām? || Do I read a book?

2. آیا هغه چای څښي؟ || Ayā hagha chāy tsḩī? || Does he drink tea?

Exercise 9: Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. زه کتاب نه لولم. || Za kitaab na lolām. || I do not read a book.

2. هغه د کور څنګ ته نه ځي. || Hagha da kor tsang ta na zī. || He does not go to the side of the house.

Exercise 10: Solutions[edit | edit source]

(Encourage students to share their sentences in pairs or groups.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully navigated through the complexities of the Subject-Object-Verb structure in Central Pashto. This lesson not only provided you with the foundational knowledge necessary for constructing sentences but also equipped you with practical exercises to reinforce your learning. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find that speaking Pashto becomes second nature!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Personal Pronouns


Numbers and Counting


Basic Sentence Structure


Common Verbs


Present Tense


Food and Drink


Questions


Family and Relationships


Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives


House and Home


Prepositions


Hobbies and Activities


Past Tense


Travel and Transportation


Pashtun Customs and Traditions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Numbers 11-20 — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Negation ▶️

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